Not in OED: "in-between(s) (UNCLASSIFIED)

[Mullins, Bill AMRDEC]

Classification: UNCLASSIFIED
Caveats: NONE

The LEE SIDE
LEE SHIPPEY
Los Angeles Times (1886-Current File); Jun 9, 1934; ProQuest Historical
Newspapers Los Angeles Times (1881 - 1986)
pg. A4 col 5

"The artists are divided into groups -- the animators, in-betweener
background men, inkers, tracers, and layout men."

> -----Original Message-----
> From: American Dialect Society [mailto:ADS-L at LISTSERV.UGA.EDU] On
> Behalf Of Joel S. Berson
> Sent: Tuesday, May 26, 2009 3:05 PM
> To: ADS-L at LISTSERV.UGA.EDU
> Subject: Not in OED: "in-between(s) (n.) and "inbetweener"
>
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> Sender:       American Dialect Society <ADS-L at LISTSERV.UGA.EDU>
> Poster:       "Joel S. Berson" <Berson at ATT.NET>
> Subject:      Not in OED:  "in-between(s) (n.) and "inbetweener"
>
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> --------
>
> Heard on NPR while driving, someone involved with the imminently
> forthcoming Disney/Pixar animated film "Up" (already with an official
> site) saying that one of the lesser-paid jobs he had early in his
> career was "drawing" "in-betweens"; and calling such people
> "in-betweeners".  In-betweens are the images between extremes of
> motion, which are drawn by the senior animators.  (Nowadays, he said,
> no-one draws cels, but I assume there are still in-betweeners doing
> the in-between computer animations.)
>
> For "in-between", this sense is not in OED2.
>
> For "in-betweener", this is not a head word.  (Not to be confused
> with the Marvel Comics character.)  Under "in-between" the OED has
> one quotation for this sense, from 1970:  "S.A. Panorama Feb. 25/1 He
> joined the London Polytechnic Studios. He started as an
> 'in-betweener'{em}the name given to the most junior apprentice."
>
> Google Books brings "in-between" back allegedly to 1944, with several
> citations:
>
> 1)  The art of Walt Disney
> By Robert D. Feild
> Edition: reprint
> Published by Collins, 1944
> Original from the University of Virginia
> Digitized Apr 11, 2008
> 290 pages
>
> [this page restricted]
>
> 2)  Technical Manual
> By Federal Highway Administration, Navy Dept, United States, United
> States War Dept, Dept. of the Army, United States. Civil Aeronautics
> Administration, Traffic Systems Division, Air Force
> Published by Depts. of the Army, Navy and Air Force, 1944
> Item notes: no. 102
> page 36
> [possibly a serial publication, so year may be questionable]
>
> "Decides on any special animation techniques to be used. Draws base
> drawings,
> backgrounds, extreme drawings, and in- betweens, which are first made
> on ..."
>
> and:
>
> 3)  Special aids for placing military personnel in civilian jobs
> By United States, United States. Bureau of Manpower Utilization,
> United States Employment Service, War Manpower Commission
> Published by Division of occupational analysis and Manning tables,
1944
> Original from the University of Michigan
> Digitized Nov 20, 2008
> 490 pages
> page 39
> [also possibly a serial publication]
>
> "Decides on any special animation techniques to be used. Draws base
> drawings,
> backgrounds, extreme drawings, and in- betweens, which are first made
> on ..."
> [yes, the same text]
>
> The earliest I saw for "in-betweener" is from 1953:
>
> 4)  It takes more than talent
> By Mervyn LeRoy, Alyce Canfield
> Published by Knopf, 1953
> Original from the University of Michigan
> Digitized Feb 26, 2008
> 300 pages
>
> "Salary: In-betweener starts at approximately $40 a week"
>
> There is also a mysterious snippet perhaps from 1943, perhaps not
> about the animation film industry:
>
> 5)  Decisions and orders of the National Labor Relations Board
> By United States. National Labor Relations Board
> Published by The Board, 1943
> Item notes: v. 48
>
> "TM Also in May, Lessing summoned "in-betweener" Franz Bauer and
> several
> messenger boys to ... "I asked them about the meeting in the old
> Animation
> Building, ..."
>
> The alleged 1900 "Cinefantastique" I assume is spurious; keywords
> include films made in the 1950s or later.
>
> Joel
>
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Classification: UNCLASSIFIED
Caveats: NONE

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