[Ads-l] " An Army Marches on Its Stomach "

[ADSGarson O'Toole]

Napoleon's belly obsession was more extreme than most modern people
are aware according to this 1849 citation: "The world is governed by
its belly".

Year: 1849
Title: England's Grievance Discovered: In Relation to the Coal-trade;
the Tyrannical Oppression of the Magistrates of Newcastle;
Quote Page 164

https://books.google.com/books?id=b11HAAAAYAAJ&q=Napoleon#v=snippet&

[Begin excerpt]
The beer question ever returns. It would be difficult to say how much
of the animosity of the nautical men of Shields against Newcastle, and
their consequent efforts to overturn the monopoly of the latter, has
had its origin in the beer. "The world," said Napoleon, "is governed
by its belly."
[End excerpt]

Garson

On Thu, Dec 29, 2016 at 7:26 PM, ADSGarson O'Toole
<adsgarsonotoole at gmail.com> wrote:
> Below is another variant ascribed to Napoleon in 1863.
>
> Date: September 1863
> Title: Harper's Pictorial History of the Civil War
>
> https://books.google.com/books?id=xWo_AQAAMAAJ&q=%22army+crawls%22#v=snippet&
>
> [Begin excerpt]
> The necessity of a long halt after Bragg's retreat was therefore
> inevitable; yet, strange as it may seem, General Halleck, at
> Washington, not appreciating Napoleon's maxim that "an army crawls
> upon its belly," wondered and chafed at this delay...
> [[End excerpt]
>
> Garson
>
>
> On Thu, Dec 29, 2016 at 7:03 PM, ADSGarson O'Toole
> <adsgarsonotoole at gmail.com> wrote:
>> Below is an ascription to Napoleon of the "army travels on its belly"
>> in 1869. Perhaps the writer read Carlyle and came to the same
>> conclusion as Charlie. The quotation later evolved to use "march" and
>> "stomach" while retaining the link to Napoleon. (The YBQ 1866 cite is
>> attributed to Frederick).
>>
>> Date: November 1869
>> Periodical: The Overland Monthly
>> Volume 3, Number 5
>> Article: Under Fire
>> Start Page 432, Quote Page 434
>> Database: Google Books
>>
>> https://books.google.com/books?id=PTkGAQAAIAAJ&q=%22its+belly%22#v=snippet&
>>
>> [Begin excerpt]
>> Napoleon's maxim, that an army travels on its belly, was metaphorical;
>> but long range and repeating rifles have made it approximately true in
>> a literal sense. Our double lines of battle sought the shelter of the
>> ground as soon as blood was drawn.
>> [End excerpt]
>>
>> Garson
>>
>>
>> On Thu, Dec 29, 2016 at 5:02 PM, Shapiro, Fred <fred.shapiro at yale.edu> wrote:
>>> Charlie Doyle is so consistently accurate and insightful that I hesitate to disagree with him on anything, but I think that his 2012 posting about the quotation "an army marches on its stomach" is misguided.  In the Yale Book of Quotations I traced the army/stomach proverb back to 1866; Charlie improved upon this by finding it in Thomas Carlyle's History of Friedrich II (1858).  Carlyle wrote, "Leaders did not know then, as our little Friend at Berlin came to know, that an army, like a serpent, goes upon its belly."  My disagreement is not with the 1858 dating, which is an excellent discovery, but rather with Charlie's statement that "A casual reader might miss the reference, but it is not Fredrick being quoted there ... the epithet 'our little Friend' almost certainly refers to Napoleon!"
>>>
>>>
>>> I believe that Carlyle was referring to Frederick the Great, not to Napoleon.  I base my conclusion on the following:
>>>
>>>
>>> (1)  Of the thirteen non-Carlyle usages of the phrase "army like a serpent goes upon its belly" between 1858 and 1921 in Google Books/ProQuest/Readex/Newspapers.com/Archive.org, eleven describe it as a Frederick the Great quote and zero describe it as a Napoleon quote (two describe it as a Carlyle quote).  In other words, most readers of Carlyle interpreted "our little Friend at Berlin" as referring to Frederick, or based attribution of this wording to Frederick on some pre-1858 tradition.
>>>
>>>
>>> (2)  Charlie may have assumed that "our little Friend at Berlin" referred to Napoleon, who is well known as having being little in stature.  But Frederick the Great appears to have been only about five feet three inches tall.  And "at Berlin" seems more likely to apply to Frederick than to Napoleon.
>>>
>>>
>>> I would welcome any responses from Charlie or other list members to the above.
>>>
>>>
>>> To move on to another point, I am puzzled by the wording of "an army, like a serpent, goes upon its belly."  I assume that the army going on its belly or stomach means that the success of an army depends heavily on its soldiers being well fed.  But the serpent going on its belly seems rather a mixed metaphor: crawling on one's stomach is pretty different from filling one's stomach with food.  Am I right that this is an odd mixed metaphor?
>>>
>>>
>>> Finally, the earliest sources I have found attributing the wording "an army marches on its stomach" to Napoleon are from 1896.  Can anyone point me to any pre-1896 Napoleon attributions of this or similar wordings?
>>>
>>>
>>> Fred Shapiro
>>>
>>> ------------------------------------------------------------
>>> The American Dialect Society - http://www.americandialect.org

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The American Dialect Society - http://www.americandialect.org