<DIV style="font-family:Arial, sans-serif; font-size:10pt;"><DIV>On Fri 04/20/07 12:01 AM Geoffrey S. Nathan <geoffnathan@WAYNE.EDU></DIV>
<DIV>wrote:</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Folks, it may well be that 'we' know that there are no languages without</DIV>
<DIV>numbers, but Dan Everett has been saying for a while that Piraha doesn't</DIV>
<DIV>count beyond 'two', and doing a pretty good job of it. Also saying that</DIV>
<DIV>the language has no recursion. He even has a conference coming up next</DIV>
<DIV>month dealing with some of these issues. Conference site here:</DIV>
<DIV>http://www.llc.ilstu.edu/rechul/</DIV>
<DIV>This goes beyond the old folklore and seems to be a serious claim--Dan's </DIV>
<DIV>a good linguist, and he really knows 'his' language. There's a hot </DIV>
<DIV>debate about it that you can read about on his website:</DIV>
<DIV>http://www.llc.ilstu.edu/dlevere/</DIV>
<DIV>***********************************************</DIV>
<DIV>Without bothering to read Everett's claim, I will say it is a crock of shit and Everett is one of</DIV>
<DIV>those whites who have made "honkey" a swear word.</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>The claim that there exist primitive languages which cannot count beyond two has been made</DIV>
<DIV>before. Specifically there is a myth, yes I say myth, that the Hottentots (a group of Khoisan-</DIV>
<DIV>speaking pastoral peoples of southern Africa) are unable to count beyond three.</DIV>
<DIV>The mathematician Reuben Hersch posted on the Historia Matematica list</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>http://mathforum.org/kb/thread.jspa?forumID=149&threadID=382346&messageID=1177655#11</DIV>
<DIV>77655</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>There was an anthropologist here at UNM (his name unfortunately escapes</DIV>
<DIV>me for the moment) who had visited and worked with the Hottentots.</DIV>
<DIV>He told me that they were able to say whatever they wanted to, by</DIV>
<DIV>using some appropriate locution of the words they knew. For</DIV>
<DIV>instance, they could say that the gas tank is half full. This</DIV>
<DIV>doesn't mean that they possess the full system of rational numbers,</DIV>
<DIV>just that in practical situations their language was adequate to their</DIV>
<DIV>needs. Similarly, perhaps without words for north, south, east, west,</DIV>
<DIV>they could describe a route through the desert from here to there.</DIV>
<DIV>An unsympathetic alien could say that in English there are no words</DIV>
<DIV>for numbers bigger than 20; we have to manage by combining, for instance,</DIV>
<DIV>20 and 1 to say 21.</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>It is really astonishing that so incredible a claim as that some people</DIV>
<DIV>can't count above 4 has been published and swallowed without protest!</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>This post was preceded by</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><A href="http://mathforum.org/kb/message.jspa?messageID=1177654&tstart=0">http://mathforum.org/kb/message.jspa?messageID=1177654&tstart=0</A></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>The Hottentot example given is clearly an anthropologist's garbled view</DIV>
<DIV>of a subject, mathematics, that confused the common word many, as exists</DIV>
<DIV>with our language, to cover all numbers greater than four. I would say</DIV>
<DIV>such a suggestion, that Hottentot's number line stopped at four is silly!</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>By chance I discovered Levi Leonard Conant _The Number Concept: Its Origin </DIV>
<DIV>and Development_ (New York: MacMillan and Co., 1896), available on the </DIV>
<DIV>Internet at the Cornell Digital Math Library, URL </DIV>
<DIV><A href="http://cdl.library.cornell.edu/cdl-math-browse.html">http://cdl.library.cornell.edu/cdl-math-browse.html</A> .</DIV>
<DIV>page 80</DIV>
<DIV>"the Hottentots [footnote 4] and the Hidatsa Indians call 100 "great 10", </DIV>
<DIV>their words being _gei disi_ and _pitikitstia_ respectively."</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>footnote 4 references "Mu"ller, _Sprachwissenschaft_, I, ii p. 184"</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV> - James A. Landau</DIV><BR> <BR><HR>Netscape. Just the Net You Need.</DIV>
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