<html>
<body>
<font size=3>Some time ago I asked about the distinction between
"camel" and "dromedary", particularly in the 18th and
early 19th centuries. I now report:<br><br>
Even lexicographers of the eighteenth century had difficulty! Both Nathan
Bailey's <i>Universal Etymological English Dictionary</i>, in 1737 and
through at least 1790 (after Linnaeus’s 1751 classification), and Samuel
Johnson’s <i>Dictionary of the English Language</i>, from its first
edition in 1755 through 1828, say there are three kinds of camels, one
bunch, two bunch, and the dromedary. Bailey gives the dromedary two
bunches; Johnson says there are two kinds of dromedaries, one with
"two small bunches", the other with "one hairy eminence”.
Noah Webster’s 1828 <i>American Dictionary of the English
Language</i><a name="_ednref1"></a> (its first edition) is consistent
with modern nomenclature (<i>Grzimek’s Encyclopedia of Mammals
(1990)</i>, 5:110);<a name="_ednref2"></a> Webster's dromedary, “called
also the Arabian camel”, has one bunch, his
Bactrian<a name="_ednref2"></a> camel has two.<br><br>
The site
<a href="http://www.livius.org/caa-can/camel/camel.html" eudora="autourl">
http://www.livius.org/caa-can/camel/camel.html</a> asserts:<br><br>
"The confusion is easy to explain. The Babylonians and Assyrians
were, as far as we know, the first to describe an animal known as
gammalu. (A similar word, gâmâl, is used in the Bible.) This refers to
the dromedary, which was originally called dromas, 'swift runner', by the
Greeks. They saw the first representatives of this species in the sixth
century [BCE], when the Persian king Cyrus the Great conquered Lydia
(western Turkey). However, the Greeks also accepted the loan word
kamęlos. So, they had two words to describe the same animal.<br><br>
"This would not have led to confusion if they had not used the same
pair of words to describe the [Bactrian] camel, which they first
encountered during the reign of Alexander the Great (336-323) [BCE].
Following the Greek example, the Romans ignored the difference as well:
they called the animals dromedarius and camelus. The sharp distinction
between the two animals is modern, but the official names are still a bit
confusing: camelus dromedarius and camelus bactrianus."<br><br>
Joel </font></body>
</html>
------------------------------------------------------------
The American Dialect Society - http://www.americandialect.org