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<div style="direction: ltr;font-family: Tahoma;color: #000000;font-size: 10pt;">Ah, well, if the Wendat borrowed the word for Inuit from an Algonquian language, that at least suggests that Inuktitut probably can't be completely ruled out as a potential model
for the dual as well.<br>
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<div style="font-family:Tahoma; font-size:13px">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Aboriginal Sans"">ᐋᐧᐱ ᑭᐦᐃᐤ</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:gray">Arok Wolvengrey</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Professor, Algonquian Languages and Linguistics and</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Department Head of Indigenous Languages, Arts and Cultures</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">First</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> Nations University of Canada</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">1 First Nations Way</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Regina</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">, SK S4S 7K2</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">phone: (306) 790-5950 ext. 3310</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">fax: (306) 790-5995</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">e-mail: awolvengrey@fnuniv.ca</span></p>
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<hr tabindex="-1">
<div id="divRpF261121" style="direction: ltr;"><font face="Tahoma" size="2" color="#000000"><b>From:</b> John Steckley [John.Steckley@humber.ca]<br>
<b>Sent:</b> November 19, 2014 3:53 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Wolvengrey, Arok; Danielle E. Cyr<br>
<b>Cc:</b> ALGONQUIANA@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: Re[2]: [Algonquiana] Prehistoric Language contact ?<br>
</font><br>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; color:#1F497D">Arok:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; color:#1F497D"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; color:#1F497D">I think that you are probably right. At least with presenting the forms that the dual took in Wendat it can be, as the police say, eliminated from our inquiries
as a suspect. There are a number of grammatical elements that the two languages share. The inclusive/exclusive distinction and a locative suffix, which in Wendat usually is -ye-, come immediately to mind. The Wendat did borrow some lexical items from Algonquians.
The word for the Inuit, which is unique to Wendat of the Iroquoian languages, and their word for caribou are two that are clearly borrowed.
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; color:#1F497D"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; color:#1F497D">John</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; color:#1F497D"> </span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""> Wolvengrey, Arok [mailto:awolvengrey@firstnationsuniversity.ca]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> November 19, 2014 4:46 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> John Steckley; Danielle E. Cyr<br>
<b>Cc:</b> ALGONQUIANA@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: Re[2]: [Algonquiana] Prehistoric Language contact ?</span></p>
</div>
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<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; color:black">Again, I stand to be corrected, but it doesn't seem as if Micmac would have borrowed the actual form from anywhere - (? it seems to have narrowed its plural
for use as its dual and innovated a new plural from existing lexical/grammatical material ?). It may just have been the model from some other (non-Algonquian) language(s) that triggered its innovation.</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; color:black"> </span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black">ᐋᐧᐱ</span></b><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Aboriginal Sans","serif"; color:black">
</span></b><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black">ᑭᐦᐃᐤ</span></b><span style="color:black"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:gray">Arok Wolvengrey</span></b><span style="color:black"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:black">Professor, Algonquian Languages and Linguistics and</span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:black">Department Head of Indigenous Languages, Arts and Cultures</span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:black">First Nations University of Canada</span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:black">1 First Nations Way</span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:black">Regina, SK S4S 7K2</span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:black"> </span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:black">phone: (306) 790-5950 ext. 3310</span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:black">fax: (306) 790-5995</span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:black">e-mail:
<a href="mailto:awolvengrey@fnuniv.ca" target="_blank">awolvengrey@fnuniv.ca</a></span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; color:black">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; color:black"> John Steckley [John.Steckley@humber.ca]<br>
<b>Sent:</b> November 19, 2014 3:40 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Danielle E. Cyr<br>
<b>Cc:</b> Wolvengrey, Arok; ALGONQUIANA@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: Re[2]: [Algonquiana] Prehistoric Language contact ?</span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
</div>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; color:#1F497D">Danielle:</span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; color:#1F497D"> </span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; color:#1F497D">I don't know what I was thinking (it's late in the day and I have been in my office for most of it). The dual also appears in the patient. Both as agent
and patient it usually takes a -yi-, with some changes caused by the sounds that appear before it. In terms of the structure of the pronominal prefix, it comes at the end.</span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; color:#1F497D"> </span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; color:#1F497D">John</span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; color:#1F497D"> </span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; color:black">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; color:black"> Danielle E. Cyr [mailto:dcyr@yorku.ca]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> November 19, 2014 4:34 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> John Steckley<br>
<b>Cc:</b> Wolvengrey, Arok; ALGONQUIANA@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re[2]: [Algonquiana] Prehistoric Language contact ?</span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; color:black">John and Arok,</span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; color:black"> </span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; color:black">Thanks for your quick reply. Researching phonetic similarities would be a great start. I was rather thinking of lexical borrowings but your insight widens my
interest !</span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; color:black"> </span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; color:black">Danielle</span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; color:black">Dr. Danielle E. Cyr, Senior Scholar at York University</span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; color:black">339, boul. Perron ouest</span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; color:black">New Richmond, QC, <span class="apple-tab-span">
</span>G0C 2BO</span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; color:black"><a href="mailto:dcyr@yorku.ca" target="_blank">dcyr@yorku.ca</a> - 418.392.7271</span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
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<blockquote style="border:none; border-left:solid black 1.5pt; padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 4.0pt; margin-left:3.75pt; margin-top:5.0pt; margin-bottom:5.0pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; color:black"> </span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; color:black">---- Original Message ----<br>
<b>From</b>: John Steckley <John.Steckley@humber.ca><br>
<b>To</b>: "Wolvengrey, Arok" <awolvengrey@firstnationsuniversity.ca>, "Danielle E. Cyr" <dcyr@yorku.ca>, "ALGONQUIANA@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG" <ALGONQUIANA@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG><br>
<b>Sent</b>: Wed, Nov 19, 2014, 4:29 PM<br>
<b>Subject</b>: RE: [Algonquiana] Prehistoric Language contact ?</span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; color:#1F497D">Danielle/Arok:</span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; color:#1F497D"> </span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; color:#1F497D">Wendat has a well-developed system of dual pronominal prefixes as agents (but not patients). Presumably St. Lawrence Iroquoian did as well. It would be
interesting to see whether some phonetic similarities appear between Mi'kmaq/Maliseet dual forms and those that Wendat has.</span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; color:#1F497D"> </span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; color:#1F497D">John</span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; color:#1F497D"> </span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; color:black">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; color:black"> Algonquiana [mailto:algonquiana-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Wolvengrey, Arok<br>
<b>Sent:</b> November 19, 2014 4:18 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Danielle E. Cyr; ALGONQUIANA@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Algonquiana] Prehistoric Language contact ?</span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"> </span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; color:black">Hi Danielle,
</span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; color:black"> </span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; color:black">I'm not aware of anything actually written with regard to this, but there was some brief discussion at the recent Algonquian conference (or was it online???)
about the possible source or model for the introduction of the dual as a category in Micmac (and Maliseet?). Inuktitut could be one source, but Iroquoian was perhaps (?) favoured suggesting some contact in the (lower? south eastern?) Great Lakes area. Others
far more knowledgeable about the Eastern languages, please feel free to shoot these thoughts down as required.</span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; color:black"> </span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black">ᐋᐧᐱ ᑭᐦᐃᐤ</span></b><span style="color:black"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:gray">Arok Wolvengrey</span></b><span style="color:black"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:black">Professor, Algonquian Languages and Linguistics and</span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:black">Department Head of Indigenous Languages, Arts and Cultures</span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:black">First Nations University of Canada</span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:black">1 First Nations Way</span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:black">Regina, SK S4S 7K2</span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:black"> </span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:black">phone: (306) 790-5950 ext. 3310</span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:black">fax: (306) 790-5995</span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:black">e-mail:
<a href="mailto:awolvengrey@fnuniv.ca" target="_blank">awolvengrey@fnuniv.ca</a></span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; color:black">
<hr size="2" width="100%" align="center">
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; color:black">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; color:black"> Algonquiana [algonquiana-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org]
on behalf of Danielle E. Cyr [dcyr@yorku.ca]<br>
<b>Sent:</b> November 19, 2014 3:05 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> ALGONQUIANA@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG<br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Algonquiana] Prehistoric Language contact ?</span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
</div>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; color:black">Hello All,
</span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; color:black"> </span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; color:black">Beside
</span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black">DENNY, Peter J. 2003. Early Signs of Eastern Algonquians.
<i>Essays in Algonquian, Catawban and Siouan Linguistics in Memory of Frank T. Siebert Jr.</i> Blair A. Rudes and David J. Costa. Winnipeg: Algonquian and Iroquoian Linguistics, Memoir 16, p. 15-36.</span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; color:black">does anyone know about literature discussing prehistoric language contacts between Proto Eastern Algonquian and other older languages ?</span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; color:black"> </span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; color:black">Thanks in advance,</span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; color:black"> </span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; color:black">Danielle Cyr</span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; color:black">___________________________________________</span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; color:black">Dr. Danielle E. Cyr, Senior Scholar at York University</span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; color:black">339, boul. Perron ouest</span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; color:black">New Richmond, QC, <span class="apple-tab-span">
</span> G0C 2BO</span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; color:black"><a href="mailto:dcyr@yorku.ca" target="_blank">dcyr@yorku.ca</a> - 418.392.7271</span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
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