[An-lang] An-lang Digest, Vol 137, Issue 8

Daniel Kaufman bahasawan at gmail.com
Wed Feb 18 04:10:00 UTC 2015


David,

The change PMP *q > Proto-Malay *h was actually very regular and well
behaved. It's only the later developments of Proto-Malay *h in the various
dialects that may appear messy. But even then, one has to separate changes
in lexical representations from synchronic prosodic effects that insert
glottals at phrase boundaries or delete them phrase internally. These
synchronic alternations could be taking place after the historical loss of
/h/ codas in those dialects, making it look like anything goes.

-d


On Tue, Feb 17, 2015 at 10:42 PM, <an-lang-request at anu.edu.au> wrote:

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> Today's Topics:
>
>    1. Re: An-lang Digest, Vol 137, Issue 7 (Daniel Kaufman)
>    2. Re: etymology of Malayic "kasi" ('give') (David Gil)
>
>
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Message: 1
> Date: Tue, 17 Feb 2015 21:27:33 -0500
> From: Daniel Kaufman <bahasawan at gmail.com>
> Subject: Re: [An-lang] An-lang Digest, Vol 137, Issue 7
> To: an-lang at anu.edu.au
> Message-ID:
>         <
> CAJ_Qj6wnGKmk2htz9nFsP+0-PV_8R+igWctoctMWdHHJwFRt8g at mail.gmail.com>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
>
> I assumed that kasi was being cited as a colloquial form of kasih but I'm
> surprised that the relation between the two is not a given. The loss of
> Malay *h and especially word-final *h in various Malay varieties is common
> enough and would be even more expected in a high frequency word like
> 'give'. (In Kupang Malay it gets even further reduced to kas in certain
> functions.) Since kasih and kasi function identically, it must be safe to
> say that the latter is simply a reduced form of the former. The same
> reduction can be found in many other high frequency words (e.g. masih >
> masi) even in careful speech.
>
> best,
> Dan
>
>
>
> On Tue, Feb 17, 2015 at 8:01 PM, <an-lang-request at anu.edu.au> wrote:
>
> > Send An-lang mailing list submissions to
> >         an-lang at anu.edu.au
> >
> > To subscribe or unsubscribe via the World Wide Web, visit
> >         http://mailman.anu.edu.au/mailman/listinfo/an-lang
> > or, via email, send a message with subject or body 'help' to
> >         an-lang-request at anu.edu.au
> >
> > You can reach the person managing the list at
> >         an-lang-owner at anu.edu.au
> >
> > When replying, please edit your Subject line so it is more specific
> > than "Re: Contents of An-lang digest..."
> >
> >
> > Today's Topics:
> >
> >    1. Re: etymology of Malayic "kasi" ('give') (David Gil)
> >    2. Re: etymology of Malayic "kasi" ('give') (Robert Blust)
> >
> >
> > ----------------------------------------------------------------------
> >
> > Message: 1
> > Date: Tue, 17 Feb 2015 20:06:34 +0900
> > From: David Gil <gil at eva.mpg.de>
> > Subject: Re: [An-lang] etymology of Malayic "kasi" ('give')
> > To: an-lang at anu.edu.au
> > Message-ID: <54E320BA.4040903 at eva.mpg.de>
> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset=windows-1252; format=flowed
> >
> > Bob,
> >
> > Final glottal stops within the Malayic family is a huge topic that I've
> > been working on intermittently for many years.  But it's such a mess
> > that I would not dare to use it as a diagnostic for etymologies.
> >
> > David
> >
> >
> > On 17/02/2015 07:00, Robert Blust wrote:
> > > Hi again David,
> > >
> > > So you must be assuming that /kasi/ was borrowed back into Malay from a
> > > language that regularly lost *-q.  If so, what is the likely source?
> > >
> > > For the etymology of Malay /kasih/ see PMP *qasiq and its subentry
> > *ka-qasiq
> > > in the freely accessible ACD (www.trussel2.com/ACD).
> > >
> > > Best,
> > >
> > > Bob Blust
> > >
> > > ----- Original Message -----
> > > From: "David Gil" <gil at eva.mpg.de>
> > > To: "Austronesian languages" <an-lang at anu.edu.au>
> > > Sent: Sunday, February 15, 2015 8:24 PM
> > > Subject: Re: [An-lang] etymology of Malayic "kasi" ('give')
> > >
> > >
> > >> Dear all,
> > >>
> > >> Many thanks for all of your suggestions, either to me personally or to
> > >> the list.  In fact, there was unanimity that the source of Malayic
> > >> "kasi" ('give') is in a similar word for 'love' or 'compassion'.  At
> > >> first I was not too convinced; it felt a little bit too much like a
> folk
> > >> etymology.  However, some of the later comments, with data from a
> wider
> > >> range of languages such as Onya Darat (Land Dayak, thanks to Uri
> Tadmor)
> > >> and Tae' (Torajan, thanks to Daniel Kaufman), provided evidence that
> > >> this is most probably the correct etymology.
> > >>
> > >> Again, thanks to you all for your comments,
> > >>
> > >> David
> > >>
> > >>
> > >>
> > >> On 07/02/2015 16:13, David Gil wrote:
> > >>> Dear Austronesianists,
> > >>>
> > >>> I am trying to find an etymology for Malayic "kasi" ('give').  Can
> > >>> anybody ...
> > >>>
> > >>> (1) point me to a previously proposed etymology for "kasi"?
> > >>> (2) suggest possible cognate forms in other (non-Malayic)
> Austronesian
> > >>> languages?
> > >>> (3) offer any other relevant thoughts and suggestions?
> > >>>
> > >>> So far I have not been able to find anything.  My current thinking is
> > >>> that "kasi" may be part of a complex of interrelated forms such as
> > >>> Standard Malay "ke" ('to'), "akan" (future, oblique), and "=kan"
> > >>> (causative, applicative), but this remains speculative.
> > >>>
> > >>> Thanks,
> > >>>
> > >>> David
> > >>>
> > >> --
> > >> David Gil
> > >>
> > >> Department of Linguistics
> > >> Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
> > >> Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
> > >>
> > >> Telephone: 49-341-3550321 Fax: 49-341-3550333
> > >> Email: gil at eva.mpg.de
> > >> Webpage:  http://www.eva.mpg.de/~gil/
> > >>
> > >> _______________________________________________
> > >> An-lang mailing list
> > >> An-lang at anu.edu.au
> > >> http://mailman.anu.edu.au/mailman/listinfo/an-lang
> > >>
> > > _______________________________________________
> > > An-lang mailing list
> > > An-lang at anu.edu.au
> > > http://mailman.anu.edu.au/mailman/listinfo/an-lang
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> >
> > --
> > David Gil
> >
> > Department of Linguistics
> > Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
> > Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
> >
> > Telephone: 49-341-3550321 Fax: 49-341-3550333
> > Email: gil at eva.mpg.de
> > Webpage:  http://www.eva.mpg.de/~gil/
> >
> >
> >
> > ------------------------------
> >
> > Message: 2
> > Date: Tue, 17 Feb 2015 08:56:38 -1000
> > From: "Robert Blust" <blust at hawaii.edu>
> > Subject: Re: [An-lang] etymology of Malayic "kasi" ('give')
> > To: "David Gil" <gil at eva.mpg.de>
> > Cc: an-lang at anu.edu.au
> > Message-ID: <02F2B978306344319602F6CBC3B719F2 at BlustPC>
> > Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed; charset="iso-8859-1";
> >         reply-type=original
> >
> > David,
> >
> > I'm not talking about "final glottal stops".  I'm talking about
> > *-q, which regularly became Malay /-h/.  You'll notice that it appears in
> > /kasih/, where we would expect it (from *ka-qasiq --- see the ACD), but
> not
> > in /kasi/, which is why I told you when you first sent your inquiry out
> > that
> > I don't know of a good etymology for the latter.
> >
> > Best,
> >
> > Bob
> >
> > ----- Original Message -----
> > From: "David Gil" <gil at eva.mpg.de>
> > To: <an-lang at anu.edu.au>
> > Sent: Tuesday, February 17, 2015 1:06 AM
> > Subject: Re: [An-lang] etymology of Malayic "kasi" ('give')
> >
> >
> > > Bob,
> > >
> > > Final glottal stops within the Malayic family is a huge topic that I've
> > > been working on intermittently for many years.  But it's such a mess
> > > that I would not dare to use it as a diagnostic for etymologies.
> > >
> > > David
> > >
> > >
> > > On 17/02/2015 07:00, Robert Blust wrote:
> > >> Hi again David,
> > >>
> > >> So you must be assuming that /kasi/ was borrowed back into Malay from
> a
> > >> language that regularly lost *-q.  If so, what is the likely source?
> > >>
> > >> For the etymology of Malay /kasih/ see PMP *qasiq and its subentry
> > >> *ka-qasiq
> > >> in the freely accessible ACD (www.trussel2.com/ACD).
> > >>
> > >> Best,
> > >>
> > >> Bob Blust
> > >>
> > >> ----- Original Message -----
> > >> From: "David Gil" <gil at eva.mpg.de>
> > >> To: "Austronesian languages" <an-lang at anu.edu.au>
> > >> Sent: Sunday, February 15, 2015 8:24 PM
> > >> Subject: Re: [An-lang] etymology of Malayic "kasi" ('give')
> > >>
> > >>
> > >>> Dear all,
> > >>>
> > >>> Many thanks for all of your suggestions, either to me personally or
> to
> > >>> the list.  In fact, there was unanimity that the source of Malayic
> > >>> "kasi" ('give') is in a similar word for 'love' or 'compassion'.  At
> > >>> first I was not too convinced; it felt a little bit too much like a
> > folk
> > >>> etymology.  However, some of the later comments, with data from a
> wider
> > >>> range of languages such as Onya Darat (Land Dayak, thanks to Uri
> > Tadmor)
> > >>> and Tae' (Torajan, thanks to Daniel Kaufman), provided evidence that
> > >>> this is most probably the correct etymology.
> > >>>
> > >>> Again, thanks to you all for your comments,
> > >>>
> > >>> David
> > >>>
> > >>>
> > >>>
> > >>> On 07/02/2015 16:13, David Gil wrote:
> > >>>> Dear Austronesianists,
> > >>>>
> > >>>> I am trying to find an etymology for Malayic "kasi" ('give').  Can
> > >>>> anybody ...
> > >>>>
> > >>>> (1) point me to a previously proposed etymology for "kasi"?
> > >>>> (2) suggest possible cognate forms in other (non-Malayic)
> Austronesian
> > >>>> languages?
> > >>>> (3) offer any other relevant thoughts and suggestions?
> > >>>>
> > >>>> So far I have not been able to find anything.  My current thinking
> is
> > >>>> that "kasi" may be part of a complex of interrelated forms such as
> > >>>> Standard Malay "ke" ('to'), "akan" (future, oblique), and "=kan"
> > >>>> (causative, applicative), but this remains speculative.
> > >>>>
> > >>>> Thanks,
> > >>>>
> > >>>> David
> > >>>>
> > >>> --
> > >>> David Gil
> > >>>
> > >>> Department of Linguistics
> > >>> Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
> > >>> Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
> > >>>
> > >>> Telephone: 49-341-3550321 Fax: 49-341-3550333
> > >>> Email: gil at eva.mpg.de
> > >>> Webpage:  http://www.eva.mpg.de/~gil/
> > >>>
> > >>> _______________________________________________
> > >>> An-lang mailing list
> > >>> An-lang at anu.edu.au
> > >>> http://mailman.anu.edu.au/mailman/listinfo/an-lang
> > >>>
> > >> _______________________________________________
> > >> An-lang mailing list
> > >> An-lang at anu.edu.au
> > >> http://mailman.anu.edu.au/mailman/listinfo/an-lang
> > >>
> > >>
> > >>
> > >>
> > >
> > > --
> > > David Gil
> > >
> > > Department of Linguistics
> > > Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
> > > Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
> > >
> > > Telephone: 49-341-3550321 Fax: 49-341-3550333
> > > Email: gil at eva.mpg.de
> > > Webpage:  http://www.eva.mpg.de/~gil/
> > >
> > > _______________________________________________
> > > An-lang mailing list
> > > An-lang at anu.edu.au
> > > http://mailman.anu.edu.au/mailman/listinfo/an-lang
> > >
> >
> >
> >
> > ------------------------------
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > An-lang mailing list
> > An-lang at anu.edu.au
> > http://mailman.anu.edu.au/mailman/listinfo/an-lang
> >
> >
> > End of An-lang Digest, Vol 137, Issue 7
> > ***************************************
> >
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> ------------------------------
>
> Message: 2
> Date: Wed, 18 Feb 2015 12:42:01 +0900
> From: David Gil <gil at eva.mpg.de>
> Subject: Re: [An-lang] etymology of Malayic "kasi" ('give')
> Cc: an-lang at anu.edu.au
> Message-ID: <54E40A09.1030407 at eva.mpg.de>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="windows-1252"
>
> I would say that final /h/'s (< /*-q/) in Malay are just as much a mess
> as final glottal stops, varying substantially and often unpredictably
> from dialect to dialect, and certainly not limited to grammaticalized
> forms like causative /kasi/.  In some dialects, the presence or absence
> of final /h/ or glottal stop is conditioned by the intonational or
> syntactic environment, with word-final /h/ or glottal stop favoured in
> phrase-final environments but disfavoured in phrase-medial
> environments.  Daniel mentioned Kupang Malay: there the situation is
> even more complex, as forms such as /kasi/ may occur in phrase-medial
> position not just as /kas/ but also as /kays/, undergoing metathesis,
> presumably under substrate influence from Uab Meto.
>
> To get back to the 'give' < 'love' etymology: I would thus consider the
> putative distinction between forms /kasi/ and /kasih/ to be largely an
> artefact of orthographic conventions.  For me, the problems with the
> etymology were semantic: I say "were", because I think that Uri and
> Daniel have provided convincing "bridging" contexts from languages in
> Kalimantan and Sulawesi.
>
> David
>
>
> On 18/02/2015 03:56, Robert Blust wrote:
> > David,
> >
> > I'm not talking about "final glottal stops".  I'm talking about
> > *-q, which regularly became Malay /-h/.  You'll notice that it appears
> > in /kasih/, where we would expect it (from *ka-qasiq --- see the ACD),
> > but not in /kasi/, which is why I told you when you first sent your
> > inquiry out that I don't know of a good etymology for the latter.
> >
> > Best,
> >
> > Bob
> >
> > ----- Original Message ----- From: "David Gil" <gil at eva.mpg.de>
> > To: <an-lang at anu.edu.au>
> > Sent: Tuesday, February 17, 2015 1:06 AM
> > Subject: Re: [An-lang] etymology of Malayic "kasi" ('give')
> >
> >
> >> Bob,
> >>
> >> Final glottal stops within the Malayic family is a huge topic that I've
> >> been working on intermittently for many years.  But it's such a mess
> >> that I would not dare to use it as a diagnostic for etymologies.
> >>
> >> David
> >>
> >>
> >> On 17/02/2015 07:00, Robert Blust wrote:
> >>> Hi again David,
> >>>
> >>> So you must be assuming that /kasi/ was borrowed back into Malay from a
> >>> language that regularly lost *-q.  If so, what is the likely source?
> >>>
> >>> For the etymology of Malay /kasih/ see PMP *qasiq and its subentry
> >>> *ka-qasiq
> >>> in the freely accessible ACD (www.trussel2.com/ACD).
> >>>
> >>> Best,
> >>>
> >>> Bob Blust
> >>>
> >>> ----- Original Message -----
> >>> From: "David Gil" <gil at eva.mpg.de>
> >>> To: "Austronesian languages" <an-lang at anu.edu.au>
> >>> Sent: Sunday, February 15, 2015 8:24 PM
> >>> Subject: Re: [An-lang] etymology of Malayic "kasi" ('give')
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>> Dear all,
> >>>>
> >>>> Many thanks for all of your suggestions, either to me personally or to
> >>>> the list.  In fact, there was unanimity that the source of Malayic
> >>>> "kasi" ('give') is in a similar word for 'love' or 'compassion'.  At
> >>>> first I was not too convinced; it felt a little bit too much like a
> >>>> folk
> >>>> etymology.  However, some of the later comments, with data from a
> >>>> wider
> >>>> range of languages such as Onya Darat (Land Dayak, thanks to Uri
> >>>> Tadmor)
> >>>> and Tae' (Torajan, thanks to Daniel Kaufman), provided evidence that
> >>>> this is most probably the correct etymology.
> >>>>
> >>>> Again, thanks to you all for your comments,
> >>>>
> >>>> David
> >>>>
> >>>>
> >>>>
> >>>> On 07/02/2015 16:13, David Gil wrote:
> >>>>> Dear Austronesianists,
> >>>>>
> >>>>> I am trying to find an etymology for Malayic "kasi" ('give').  Can
> >>>>> anybody ...
> >>>>>
> >>>>> (1) point me to a previously proposed etymology for "kasi"?
> >>>>> (2) suggest possible cognate forms in other (non-Malayic)
> >>>>> Austronesian
> >>>>> languages?
> >>>>> (3) offer any other relevant thoughts and suggestions?
> >>>>>
> >>>>> So far I have not been able to find anything.  My current thinking is
> >>>>> that "kasi" may be part of a complex of interrelated forms such as
> >>>>> Standard Malay "ke" ('to'), "akan" (future, oblique), and "=kan"
> >>>>> (causative, applicative), but this remains speculative.
> >>>>>
> >>>>> Thanks,
> >>>>>
> >>>>> David
> >>>>>
> >>>> --
> >>>> David Gil
> >>>>
> >>>> Department of Linguistics
> >>>> Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
> >>>> Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
> >>>>
> >>>> Telephone: 49-341-3550321 Fax: 49-341-3550333
> >>>> Email: gil at eva.mpg.de
> >>>> Webpage:  http://www.eva.mpg.de/~gil/
> >>>>
> >>>> _______________________________________________
> >>>> An-lang mailing list
> >>>> An-lang at anu.edu.au
> >>>> http://mailman.anu.edu.au/mailman/listinfo/an-lang
> >>>>
> >>> _______________________________________________
> >>> An-lang mailing list
> >>> An-lang at anu.edu.au
> >>> http://mailman.anu.edu.au/mailman/listinfo/an-lang
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>
> >>
> >> --
> >> David Gil
> >>
> >> Department of Linguistics
> >> Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
> >> Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
> >>
> >> Telephone: 49-341-3550321 Fax: 49-341-3550333
> >> Email: gil at eva.mpg.de
> >> Webpage:  http://www.eva.mpg.de/~gil/
> >>
> >> _______________________________________________
> >> An-lang mailing list
> >> An-lang at anu.edu.au
> >> http://mailman.anu.edu.au/mailman/listinfo/an-lang
> >>
> >
> >
> >
> >
>
> --
> David Gil
>
> Department of Linguistics
> Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
> Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
>
> Telephone: 49-341-3550321 Fax: 49-341-3550333
> Email: gil at eva.mpg.de
> Webpage:  http://www.eva.mpg.de/~gil/
>
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>
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> ***************************************
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