<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=us-ascii">
<TITLE>Message</TITLE>
<META content="MSHTML 6.00.2800.1476" name=GENERATOR>
<STYLE></STYLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY bgColor=#ffffff>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=ltr
style="PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<DIV></DIV>
<DIV class=OutlookMessageHeader lang=en-us dir=ltr align=left><FONT
face=Tahoma size=2>-----Original Message-----<BR><B>From:</B> Ken Cook
[mailto:kencook@hawaii.edu] <BR><B>Sent:</B> Monday, 8 November 2004 2:05
p.m.<BR><B>To:</B> AN-LANG@anu.edu.au<BR><B>Subject:</B> [An-lang] respect
vocabulary<BR><BR></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">In some
languages (e.g., Dyirbal, Guguyimidjir, Javanese, and Samoan), particular
words are chosen to show respect for the addressee or referent. In Samoan
(Polynesian), for example, about 450 respect words replace everyday terms when
one addresses or refers to chiefs and orators (Milner 1961). For instance, the
ordinary word <I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">fale</I> 'house' is
replaced by <I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">maota</I> when referring to
the house of a chief, while it is substituted with <I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">laoa</I> when one speaks of the house of
an orator. </SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">Can
anyone tell me how extensive this phenomenon is? I'm really only familiar with
the Samoan version of it, i.e. <EM>'upu fa'aaloalo</EM> 'respectful words'. In
which other Polynesian languages does it occur? I know it doesn't in
contemporary Hawaiian, and I don't see any mention of it in Churchward's
Tongan-English dictionary.<SPAN class=253240205-08112004><FONT face=Arial
color=#0000ff size=2> </FONT></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><SPAN
class=253240205-08112004></SPAN></SPAN></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><SPAN
class=253240205-08112004><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=2>There is a
brief discussion in the last chapter of Churchward's Tongan grammar. In the
dictionary, individual words are marked as polite, honorific,
regal (used for the sovereign or God) and
derogatory.</FONT> </SPAN></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">To
what extent does it exist beyond Polynesia?<SPAN
class=253240205-08112004><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff
size=2> </FONT></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><SPAN
class=253240205-08112004></SPAN></SPAN></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><SPAN
class=253240205-08112004><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=2>Maurice
Lenormand has described a chiefly vocabulary called "Miny"
used</FONT> <FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=2>in Drehu (Lifou,
Loyalty Islands), in various journal articles and a little book "Le Miny,
Langue des chefs de l'ile de Lifou" (Noumea, Edipop,
1990).</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><SPAN
class=253240205-08112004>Ross
Clark</SPAN></SPAN></FONT></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML>