<DIV> <DIV>Firstly, apologies to John Brownie for hijacking John Bowden's announcement of <BR>his somewhat more worthy endeavour in compiling <BR>'<FONT face=TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT color=#231f20 size=2>Mussau Grammar Essentials'</FONT> at:</DIV> <DIV><A href="http://www.sil.org/pacific/png/pubs/0000538/Mussau_grammar.pdf">http://www.sil.org/pacific/png/pubs/0000538/Mussau_grammar.pdf</A></DIV> <DIV>in favour of my own selfish agenda. </DIV> <DIV> </DIV> <DIV> <DIV>Most An grammars or dictionaries don't treat numbers very seriously, and John Brownie's is<BR> a thankful exception which does - <U>it is almost the only information so far, outside New<BR> Guinea, that I can find, on the net, on any numbers past 10</U>.</DIV></DIV></DIV> <DIV> </DIV> <DIV>The Mussau name 'ai' for 100 is strange. /ai/ means, simply, 1, in some languages (eg: <BR>Wuvulu-Aua). </DIV> <DIV> </DIV> <DIV>But
usually 'real' Ans add on /gatus/ - from the Solomons to here in the Philippines, so far <BR>as I know. (/ekato/ is also 100 in Modern Greek, but I hope that's only a coincidence).</DIV> <DIV> </DIV> <DIV>Mussau /airari/ for 1000 looks as if it derives from /ai/ somehow, but it doesn't.</DIV> <DIV> </DIV> <DIV>Back in the 80s, Glen Lean recorded Mussau 100 as<FONT face=arial> <FONT face=arial>/<SPAN lang=EN-AU style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT size=2><FONT face=arial>ka teva airari</FONT>/ <FONT face=arial>and 1000 as</FONT> /</FONT></SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-AU style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT face=arial size=2>ka
<BR>sangaulu-airari/</FONT>. <FONT face=arial size=2>In just the very short interval between his records and John Brownie' s <BR>grammar description, Mussauans (and their missionaries and teachers) seem to have streamlined the system a bit. </FONT></SPAN></FONT></DIV> <DIV><SPAN lang=EN-AU style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT face=arial></FONT></SPAN> </DIV> <DIV><SPAN lang=EN-AU style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT face=Arial><FONT size=2>/airari/ seems to relate to New Ireland, where 100 is often /mar/, /ong a mar/ or /ra mar/. </FONT></FONT></SPAN></DIV> <DIV><SPAN lang=EN-AU style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman';
mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT face=Arial><FONT size=2></FONT></FONT></SPAN> </DIV> <DIV><SPAN lang=EN-AU style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT face=Arial><FONT size=2>But on the NG mainland coast, Maleu Kilenge use /ringring/ for 1000. The Mutu, just<BR>down the road, use /dingding/ for 100, while the Kovai, Papuan-speakers, use /riring/ for <BR>20. </FONT></FONT></SPAN></DIV> <DIV><SPAN lang=EN-AU style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT></SPAN> </DIV> <DIV><SPAN lang=EN-AU style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman';
mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT face=Arial size=2>I suspect that someone, somewhere, invented a resounding name for the biggest number he had a use for, and probably a very emphatic hand-signal as well.</FONT></SPAN></DIV> <DIV><SPAN lang=EN-AU style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT></SPAN> </DIV> <DIV><SPAN lang=EN-AU style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT face=Arial size=2>The Yele-Dinye, Papuan speakers on Rossel Island, way off the Papuan Tip, use a <BR>cognate, /yili/ in counting. They haven't quite got the hang of the decimal
system, and count from 20-100 in 50s, shouting 'Yili!' at every 50. </FONT></SPAN></DIV> <DIV><SPAN lang=EN-AU style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT></SPAN> </DIV> <DIV><SPAN lang=EN-AU style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT face=Arial size=2> <DIV><SPAN lang=EN-AU style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT face=Arial><FONT size=2>It's quite possible that, if the Yele-Dinye language, as described by the <SPAN lang=EN-AU style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times
New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT face=arial><FONT size=2>Acting Administrator<BR>J.H.P.Murray in the 1920s, was really:</FONT> </FONT></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></DIV> <DIV><SPAN lang=EN-AU style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT face=arial><SPAN lang=EN-AU style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT size=2><FONT face=arial>'....extraordinarily unmusical in sound; it is full<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>of nasals and gutturals, and cannot be better described than<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>as resembling the snarling of a dog interspersed with<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>hiccoughs.'</FONT></FONT></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></DIV> <DIV><SPAN lang=EN-AU style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT face=arial><SPAN lang=EN-AU style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT size=2><FONT face=arial>that the silly asses called the Dinyes by the only word they could hear clearly, as they sat <BR>watching a feast being prepared for them, with their solar topees and pressed shorts.</FONT></FONT></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></DIV> <DIV></FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-AU style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-AU
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT></SPAN> </DIV></DIV> <DIV><SPAN lang=EN-AU style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT face=Arial size=2>The Yele-Dinye use shell money, but instead of counting sensibly, <BR>in strings of shells, by fathoms (one stretched armwidth, like the New Britain Tolai do) they <BR>count each individual shell, so they need words for 1000s. </FONT></SPAN></DIV> <DIV><SPAN lang=EN-AU style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV><SPAN lang=EN-AU style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN lang=EN-AU style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT face=Arial size=2>/yili/ , in Yele-Dinye, is also 1000. <BR><BR></FONT></SPAN>Then, local words for multiples were added, up to:</FONT></SPAN></DIV> <DIV><SPAN lang=EN-AU style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT></SPAN> </DIV> <DIV><SPAN lang=EN-AU style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU;
mso-fareast-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT face=Arial size=2>8000 is /mwadab/</FONT></SPAN></DIV> <DIV><SPAN lang=EN-AU style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT face=Arial size=2>9000 is /mwadi/</FONT></SPAN></DIV> <DIV><SPAN lang=EN-AU style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT face=Arial size=2>but by then, <SPAN lang=EN-AU style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">Wonajo, </SPAN>the legendary inventor of the number system, was said to be weary</FONT></SPAN></DIV> <DIV><SPAN lang=EN-AU style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY:
'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT face=Arial size=2>so 10,000 is just /mwadi mwadab/ 9&8. </FONT></SPAN></DIV> <DIV><SPAN lang=EN-AU style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT></SPAN> </DIV> <DIV><SPAN lang=EN-AU style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT face=Arial size=2>And, if I understand correctly, a Yele-Dinye speaker, if he's feeling too lazy to get up and <BR>do something, still says: ' Mwadi mwadab.......'</FONT></SPAN></DIV> <DIV><SPAN lang=EN-AU style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New
Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT></SPAN> </DIV> <DIV><SPAN lang=EN-AU style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT face=Arial size=2> </FONT></SPAN></DIV> <DIV><SPAN lang=EN-AU style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT face=Arial size=2>best regards</FONT></SPAN></DIV> <DIV><SPAN lang=EN-AU style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT></SPAN> </DIV> <DIV><SPAN lang=EN-AU
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT face=Arial size=2>Richard</FONT></SPAN></DIV>