<HTML><BODY style="word-wrap: break-word; -khtml-nbsp-mode: space; -khtml-line-break: after-white-space; ">I haven't been following this discussion, but perhaps I can offer some clarification with regard to comments I have just seen. If I'm going over previously trodden ground, please excuse me.<DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><BLOCKQUOTE type="cite"><SPAN style=""><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Courier New" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><B>>(Arop Sissano - </B></SPAN></FONT></SPAN><ST1:PLACE style=""><SPAN style=""><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Courier New" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><B>N New Guinea</B></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></ST1:PLACE><SPAN style=""><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Courier New" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><B>).</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Courier New" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><B><O:P style=""></O:P></B></SPAN></FONT></SPAN><DIV style=""><SPAN style=""><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Courier New" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><B>>This information, that Arop and Sissano only had 1 and 2, is an <BR style="">>illegal inference from the fact that only 1, 2 were published in >a wordlist in a book by Churchill. That he only listed 1 and 2 is >understandable as he was doing a comparative study, and there is >no statement there to say that there were only two numbers.</B></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV>No, Chan has it right. Sissano counts 1, 2, 2_1, 2+2, 2+2+1 (at least, it did when I collected data from native speakers in the 1970s). Arop and Sissano are dialects of the same language, spoken in the large village on Sissano Lagoon that was destroyed by a tsunami some years ago.<BR><BLOCKQUOTE type="cite"><DIV style=""><SPAN style=""><O:P style=""></O:P></SPAN></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE><DIV style=""><SPAN style=""></SPAN> </DIV><BLOCKQUOTE type="cite"><DIV style=""><SPAN style=""><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Courier New" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><B>The only data I currently have is from Eugene Chan’s list of numbers at </B></SPAN></FONT><A href="http://www.zompist.com/numbers.shtml"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Courier New" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><B>http://www.zompist.com/numbers.shtml</B></SPAN></FONT></A><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Courier New" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><B><BR style="">It shows 1 and 2 used for all numbers from 1-10. Chan was careful, and didn’t infer or claim numbering sequences that he hadn’t seen in authoritative sources. Many of his numbering systems stop, at, say, 6.</B></SPAN></FONT><O:P style=""></O:P></SPAN></DIV><DIV style=""><SPAN style=""></SPAN> </DIV><DIV style=""><SPAN style=""><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Courier New" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><B>The related Sera, next door, certainly does have morphemes for 3 and 5, but similar morphemes for 1 & 2.</B></SPAN></FONT><O:P style=""></O:P></SPAN></DIV><DIV style=""><SPAN style=""></SPAN> </DIV><DIV style=""><SPAN style=""><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Courier New" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><B>>Anyone seeing the actual number morphemes, which are not <BR style="">>Austronesian and not obviously cognate with any close Papuan</B></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></DIV><DIV style=""><SPAN style=""><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Courier New" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><B>> language, in Arop and Sissano would have to ask if they are really linear Austronesian descendants!?</B></SPAN></FONT><O:P style=""></O:P></SPAN></DIV><DIV style=""><SPAN style=""></SPAN> </DIV><DIV style=""><SPAN style=""><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Courier New" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><B>They are probably not linear Austronesian descendants!?. Should they be?</B></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV>What is a 'linear Austronesian descendant'? If you mean that these languages represent continuity from generation to generation, rather than masses of Austronesian borrowings into a Papuan language, then, yes, they are clearly Austronesian, but have undergone a striking set of changes (especially Sera). According to Laycock, if I remember correctly, speakers of Arop claimed to be descended from Papuan speakers from somewhere inland (Olo, I think) who had been given asylum at Sissano and acquired the language, retaining just a few Olo words. <BR><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><BLOCKQUOTE type="cite"><DIV style=""><SPAN style=""><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Courier New" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><B>The two morphemes, /pontanen/ and /entin/, certainly don’t look like conventional An numbers, but they could, just possibly, be An hand parts, like finger, or thumb, or even ordinal numbers – first and second – where the use of visible hand tallying made the voicing of numbers almost redundant. Or they could even be special names for counting certain objects. I will need to wait for more information, before I get myself into even more illegalities.</B></SPAN></FONT><O:P style=""></O:P></SPAN></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV>As far as I know, these are not inherited Austronesian words. At some point, shared ancestors of Arop/Sissano and Sera speakers lost the quinary system of their earlier ancestors and replaced it with a Papuan-like system. I don't know where the words came from. They don't crop up elsewhere in wordlists for these languages.<DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV>- Malcolm Ross<BR><DIV><BR><DIV> <SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 0px 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Lucida Grande; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: auto; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none; text-indent: 0px; -apple-text-size-adjust: auto; text-transform: none; orphans: 2; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 0px 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Lucida Grande; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: auto; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none; text-indent: 0px; -apple-text-size-adjust: auto; text-transform: none; orphans: 2; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 0px 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Lucida Grande; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: auto; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none; text-indent: 0px; -apple-text-size-adjust: auto; text-transform: none; orphans: 2; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 0px 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Lucida Grande; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: auto; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none; text-indent: 0px; -apple-text-size-adjust: auto; text-transform: none; orphans: 2; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 0px 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Lucida Grande; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: auto; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none; text-indent: 0px; -apple-text-size-adjust: auto; text-transform: none; orphans: 2; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 0px 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Lucida Grande; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: auto; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none; text-indent: 0px; -apple-text-size-adjust: auto; text-transform: none; orphans: 2; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; "><DIV>_____________________________________</DIV><DIV><BR></DIV><DIV>Malcolm D. Ross</DIV><DIV>Professor, Department of Linguistics</DIV><DIV>Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies</DIV><DIV>Building No. 9, The Australian National University</DIV><DIV>CANBERRA A.C.T. 0200, Australia</DIV><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><A href="http://rspas.anu.edu.au/people/personal/rossm_ling.php">http://rspas.anu.edu.au/people/personal/rossm_ling.php</A></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><DIV><A href="http://rspas.anu.edu.au/linguistics/projects/biomdr.html">http://rspas.anu.edu.au/linguistics/projects/biomdr.html</A><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 0px 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Lucida Grande; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: auto; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none; text-indent: 0px; -apple-text-size-adjust: auto; text-transform: none; orphans: 2; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 0px 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Lucida Grande; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: auto; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none; text-indent: 0px; -apple-text-size-adjust: auto; text-transform: none; orphans: 2; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 0px 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Lucida Grande; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: auto; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none; text-indent: 0px; -apple-text-size-adjust: auto; text-transform: none; orphans: 2; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 0px 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Lucida Grande; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: auto; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none; text-indent: 0px; -apple-text-size-adjust: auto; text-transform: none; orphans: 2; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 0px 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Lucida Grande; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: auto; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none; text-indent: 0px; -apple-text-size-adjust: auto; text-transform: none; orphans: 2; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; "></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 0px 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Lucida Grande; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: auto; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none; text-indent: 0px; -apple-text-size-adjust: auto; text-transform: none; orphans: 2; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 0px 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Lucida Grande; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: auto; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none; text-indent: 0px; -apple-text-size-adjust: auto; text-transform: none; orphans: 2; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 0px 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Lucida Grande; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: auto; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none; text-indent: 0px; -apple-text-size-adjust: auto; text-transform: none; orphans: 2; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 0px 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Lucida Grande; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: auto; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none; text-indent: 0px; -apple-text-size-adjust: auto; text-transform: none; orphans: 2; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 0px 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Lucida Grande; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: auto; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none; text-indent: 0px; -apple-text-size-adjust: auto; text-transform: none; orphans: 2; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; "><BR class="Apple-interchange-newline"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><DIV>ANU CRICOS Provider Number is 00120C </DIV><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><BR class="Apple-interchange-newline"></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><BR class="Apple-interchange-newline"></SPAN> </DIV><BR><DIV><DIV>On 30/06/2007, at 2:37 PM, Richard Parker wrote:</DIV><BR class="Apple-interchange-newline"><BLOCKQUOTE type="cite"><DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'">>><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>The old documents preserve a lot. I know of only one An language<BR>>>that had only 2 words, 1 and 2, for their entire counting system </SPAN></B></DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"></SPAN></B> </DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Courier New" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><B><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></B></SPAN></FONT></DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"></SPAN></B> </DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"> </DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'">>Also, what seems not be widely known, body-tally systems are >attested in the torres straits and mainland </SPAN></B><ST1:COUNTRY-REGION><ST1:PLACE><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'">australia</SPAN></B></ST1:PLACE></ST1:COUNTRY-REGION><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'">. There are >some refs (though Bill McGregor should have a bigger database of the Australian cases):<BR>><A href="http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~harald2/rarapaper.pdf"><SPAN class="Hyperlink2"><FONT color="#000000">http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~harald2/rarapaper.pdf</FONT></SPAN></A><O:P></O:P></SPAN></B></DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"></SPAN></B> </DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'">Many thanks for your paper (and your others) – very useful.<O:P></O:P></SPAN></B></DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"></SPAN></B> </DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'">>><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>eg: many Vanuatu languages still retain hand+1,2,3,4 for 6-9, <BR>>> so those <SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>islands must have been first settled before the full <BR>>> An decimal system was conceived. It's possible, even, to detect >> sequential waves of </SPAN></B><ST1:COUNTRY-REGION><ST1:PLACE><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'">Vanuatu</SPAN></B></ST1:PLACE></ST1:COUNTRY-REGION><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"> settlement as the number systems <BR>>> grow more sophisticated.<O:P></O:P></SPAN></B></DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'">>> There's an alternative, of course, that they were too stupid, >>or too conservative, to accept a simple new system brought in by >> Austronesian-speakers ready-equipped with the PAn decimal >>system.<O:P></O:P></SPAN></B></DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"></SPAN></B> </DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'">>This account is wrong in two places. The </SPAN></B><ST1:COUNTRY-REGION><ST1:PLACE><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'">Vanuatu</SPAN></B></ST1:PLACE></ST1:COUNTRY-REGION><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"> lgs could not have<BR>>_retained_ an old hand+1,2,3,4-system if they are Oceanic (or you'd<BR>>have to revise the POc-numeral reconstruction considerably).<O:P></O:P></SPAN></B></DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"></SPAN></B> </DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'">You said it! Something really should be done about large<BR> quantities of linguistically illegal number systems scattered <BR>around </SPAN></B><ST1:PLACE><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'">Oceania</SPAN></B></ST1:PLACE><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'">.<O:P></O:P></SPAN></B></DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'">I was using retained in the ‘normal’ way, not realising its<BR> implications as a linguistic technical term.<O:P></O:P></SPAN></B></DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"></SPAN></B> </DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'">But most </SPAN></B><ST1:COUNTRY-REGION><ST1:PLACE><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'">Vanuatu</SPAN></B></ST1:PLACE></ST1:COUNTRY-REGION><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"> languages use recognisable POc morphemes to<BR> construct 6-9. (I have next to no data on </SPAN></B><ST1:COUNTRY-REGION><ST1:PLACE><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'">Vanuatu</SPAN></B></ST1:PLACE></ST1:COUNTRY-REGION><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"> numbers above <BR>10). The number systems noticeably ‘degrade’ from north to south,<BR> until, in </SPAN></B><ST1:STATE><ST1:PLACE><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'">New Caledonia</SPAN></B></ST1:PLACE></ST1:STATE><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'">, POc morphemes are almost unrecognisable.<O:P></O:P></SPAN></B></DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"></SPAN></B> </DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'">POc: *sa-kai, *ta-sa, *tai, *kai<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>*rua<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>*tolu<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>*pat, *pati, *pani<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>*lima, <SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>*onom, <SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>*pitu, <SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>*walu, <SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>*siwa, <SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>*sa (nga) puluq<O:P></O:P></SPAN></B></DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"></SPAN></B> </DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'">Now, are the following examples retentions of older systems in the normal sense, or innovations in the narrow linguistic sense?<O:P></O:P></SPAN></B></DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"></SPAN></B> </DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'">Motlav (</SPAN></B><ST1:PLACE><ST1:PLACENAME><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'">Banks</SPAN></B></ST1:PLACENAME><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"> </SPAN></B><ST1:PLACETYPE><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'">Islands</SPAN></B></ST1:PLACETYPE></ST1:PLACE><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'">, </SPAN></B><ST1:PLACE><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'">N Vanuatu</SPAN></B></ST1:PLACE><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'">): Bi-twagh, Bo-yo, Be-tel, Be-Bet, teBe-lem, leBe-te, liBi-yo, leBi-tel, leBe-Bet, songwul<O:P></O:P></SPAN></B></DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"></SPAN></B> </DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'">Katbol (Malekula): sapm, i-ru, i-tl, i-Bat, i-lim, sout, so-ru, se-tl, se-Bat, langal<O:P></O:P></SPAN></B></DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"></SPAN></B> </DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'">Iaai (</SPAN></B><ST1:PLACE><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'">Loyalty Islands</SPAN></B></ST1:PLACE><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'">): xacha, lo, kun, wak, thabung, thabung ke nua xacha, thabung ke nua lo, thabung ke nua kun, thabung ke nua wak, li benita<O:P></O:P></SPAN></B></DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"></SPAN></B> </DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'">Orowe (</SPAN></B><ST1:STATE><ST1:PLACE><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'">New Caledonia</SPAN></B></ST1:PLACE></ST1:STATE><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'">): rrake, keehru, kerrere, kevwe, keni, keni me rrake, keni me keehru, keni me kerrere, keni me kevwe, keni me keni.<BR>(4 types of accented e omitted, for clarity)<O:P></O:P></SPAN></B></DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"></SPAN></B> </DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'">It looks quite obvious (to me) that the Oroweans have a less <BR>developed system, where 10 = 5 & 5, than the Motlavians, who use a single, freestanding word, and all of them have systems that are less developed than proto-Oceanic, which has a single ‘meaning-<BR>free’ word for all the 1-10 digits. <O:P></O:P></SPAN></B></DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"><BR>How can comparative theory linguistics accommodate this paradox?<O:P></O:P></SPAN></B></DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"><BR>> <SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Second, languages switch back and forth between decimal, quinary <BR>> and vigesimal systems with little correlation to stupidity. See a <BR>> recent OL article by Bender and Beller called classifiers and <BR>> counting systems or similar).<O:P></O:P></SPAN></B></DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"></SPAN></B> </DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'">I’ve read most of their articles available on the web, and can<BR> readily<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>accept that people could retain a traditional system, <BR>possibly with substantial numeral classifiers, for counting things that are culturally important to them, alongside a new (usually <BR>decimal) system for new things, just as they still do on this <BR>island, where Spanish applies to some things, Surigaonon to <BR>others, and Americano when you’re not quite sure. <O:P></O:P></SPAN></B></DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"><BR>And we English count dozens of eggs, and scores of years. The special counting system for tennis is said to be preserved in a small temple at </SPAN></B><ST1:PLACE><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'">Wimbledon</SPAN></B></ST1:PLACE><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'">.<O:P></O:P></SPAN></B></DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"><BR>I’ve yet to see any proven demonstration (although plenty of <BR>inferences) that whole groups of people have actually changed <BR>their systems back to something ‘more primitive’. <O:P></O:P></SPAN></B></DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"><BR>Who would want to order thabung ke nua lo (say,cigarettes)in Iaai, when he could just say *pitu in his ancestral proto-Oceanic?<O:P></O:P></SPAN></B></DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"><BR>I’m actively hunting for examples of change of system and <BR>morphemes,together, either way, but, so far, I’ve only come across loans of some isolated words, as in Swahili, where Arabic names<BR> have only been adopted for 6,7, and 9: moja, mbili, tatu, nne, <BR>tano, sita, saba, nane, tisa, kumi, but Bantu retained (sorry – <BR>kept) for everything else.<O:P></O:P></SPAN></B></DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"><BR>Some of it is truly baffling:<BR><BR>The Papuan languages of Halmahera seem to use one (and only one) <BR>An word in their 1-10 words - /siwo/ for nine, yet their close An <BR>neighbours, Patani and Sawai, use /fapolo/ and /popet/.<O:P></O:P></SPAN></B></DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"><BR>This kind of 9 morpheme ‘1 before 10’ is rare, and usually seems <BR>to be symptomatic of a ‘suppressed’ base 4 system, where 8=2x4, as in some groups in Flores and Sumba, others in Aru Island, Enggano, Wuvulu, and almost half of the Taiwanese languages. <O:P></O:P></SPAN></B></DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"><BR>The only straightforward An base 4 systems I can find are Biem and Wogeo in the </SPAN></B><ST1:COUNTRY-REGION><ST1:PLACE><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'">New Guinea</SPAN></B></ST1:PLACE></ST1:COUNTRY-REGION><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"> Schouten family.<O:P></O:P></SPAN></B></DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"><BR>(In none of the above do I have any data for numbers above 10, so <BR>I can’t yet tell if they go on from 4-8 to call 12 a dozen. I’m <BR>hoping somebody can help me out on this).<O:P></O:P></SPAN></B></DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"><BR>The construction of 9 in Nghada (Flores) - /ta esa/ is almost the <BR>same as Taokas (</SPAN></B><ST1:COUNTRY-REGION><ST1:PLACE><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'">Taiwan</SPAN></B></ST1:PLACE></ST1:COUNTRY-REGION><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'">) /tanaso/. Both have an combination phrase <BR>8 involving 4 morphemes, /zua butu/ and /</SPAN></B><FONT face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </FONT><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'">mahalpat/. They’re 2200 <BR>miles apart, and there’s nothing comparable on the straight line <BR>between them.<O:P></O:P></SPAN></B></DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"><BR>Here is a comparativist’s view of it:<BR>‘An interesting set consists of Thao tanacu , Favorlang tannacho ,<BR><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Taokas tanaso '9', which point to an earlier *[st]a[nng]aCu. The <BR>first syllable might reflect *sa- 'one', in which case we are <BR>perhaps dealing with a subtractive form.’<BR>Laurent Sagart ‘The Higher Phylogeny Of Austronesian And The Position Of Tai-Kadai’<BR><A href="http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/09/09/06/PDF/THE_HIGHER_PHYLOGENY_OF_AUSTRONESIAN.pdf">http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/09/09/06/PDF/THE_HIGHER_PHYLOGENY_OF_AUSTRONESIAN.pdf</A><O:P></O:P></SPAN></B></DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"><BR>It actually seems to be the start of a new (suppressed) base 4 <BR>count, from two 4s, and maybe the reconstruction puts the 1 at the wrong end.<O:P></O:P></SPAN></B></DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></B></DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'">>Yes there are such cases. When I said there is no other etymology<BR>>for 5 than 'hand', I should have said 'hand' or 'some part of the >hand'.<O:P></O:P></SPAN></B></DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'">>But I didn't, so you can have the 10 dollars if you want.<O:P></O:P></SPAN></B></DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'">No way would I claim a prize in such a specious way. But it is worth noting that ‘whole hand’ is not always the morpheme. <O:P></O:P></SPAN></B></DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></B></DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'">Regards<O:P></O:P></SPAN></B></DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"><O:P> </O:P></SPAN></B></DIV> <DIV style="tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'">Richard<O:P></O:P></SPAN></B></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">_______________________________________________</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">An-lang mailing list</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><A href="mailto:An-lang@anu.edu.au">An-lang@anu.edu.au</A></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><A href="http://mailman.anu.edu.au/mailman/listinfo/an-lang">http://mailman.anu.edu.au/mailman/listinfo/an-lang</A></DIV> </BLOCKQUOTE></DIV><BR></DIV></DIV></BODY></HTML>