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<p class=MsoBodyText style='margin-right:-.5pt;text-indent:0in'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:
95%'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoBodyText style='margin-right:-.5pt;text-indent:0in'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:
95%'><span style='line-height:95%'>Roger,<o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoBodyText style='margin-right:-.5pt;text-indent:0in'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:
95%'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoBodyText style='margin-right:-.5pt;text-indent:0in'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:
95%'><span style='line-height:95%'>I am not sure if what I quote from something
I have written addresses your question.<o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoBodyText style='margin-right:-.5pt;text-indent:0in'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:
95%'><span style='line-height:95%'>For all it¡¯s worth, here it is.<o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoBodyText style='margin-right:-.5pt;text-indent:0in'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:
95%'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoBodyText style='margin-right:-.5pt;text-indent:0in'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:
95%'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoBodyText style='margin-right:-.5pt;text-indent:0in'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:
95%'><span style='line-height:95%'>
¡®<i><span style='font-style:italic'>Prenasalisation</span></i>¡¯. <o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoBodyText style='margin-right:-.5pt;text-indent:0in'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:
95%'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoBodyText style='margin-right:-.5pt;text-indent:0in'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:
95%'><span style='line-height:95%'>
The term, ¡°<i><span style='font-style:italic'>prenasalisation¡± </span></i>refers
to the morphosyntactic process by which <i><span style='font-style:italic'>nonnasal
consonants</span></i> are usually ¡®replaced<o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoBodyText style='margin-right:-.5pt;text-indent:0in'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:
95%'><span style='line-height:95%'>
by their <i><span style='font-style:italic'>homorganic nasal counterparts
</span></i>upon <i><span style='font-style:italic'>affixation of a prefix </span></i>with
a <i><span style='font-style:italic'>final velar nasal -ng </span></i>[-<i><span
style='font-style:italic'>©¯</span></i>]<i><span style='font-style:italic'>.
</span></i>At the same time, <o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoBodyText style='margin-right:-.5pt;text-indent:0in'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:
95%'><span style='line-height:95%'>
the final velar nasal consonant of the prefix is usually replaced by the nasal
consonant homorganic to the initial consonant<o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoBodyText style='margin-right:-.5pt;text-indent:0in'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:
95%'><span style='line-height:95%'>
of the wordbase. </span></span></font><i><span lang=EN-GB
style='line-height:95%;font-style:italic'><o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
<p class=MsoBodyText style='margin-right:-.5pt;text-indent:0in'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:
95%'><span style='line-height:95%'>
For example: </span></span></font><span lang=EN-GB style='line-height:95%'>when
the prefix <i><span style='font-style:italic'>ma<b><span style='font-weight:
bold'>ng</span></b>-<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>/</span></b>na<b><span
style='font-weight:bold'>ng</span></b>-</span></i></span><a style='mso-endnote-id:
edn1' href="#_edn1" name="_ednref1" title=""><span class=MsoEndnoteReference><sup><font
size=2><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:95%'><span
class=MsoEndnoteReference><sup><font size=2 face="Times New Roman"><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>[i]</span></font></sup></span></span></font></sup></span></a><i><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-style:italic'> or pa<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>ng</span></b>-
</span></i><span lang=EN-GB>is appended to a word beginning with <b><span
style='font-weight:bold'>[p</span></b>], e.g., <i><span style='font-style:italic'>putol
</span></i>¡®cut¡¯, <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyText style='margin-right:-.5pt;text-indent:0in'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:
95%'><span style='line-height:95%'>
this is what happens:<o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoBodyText style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:-27.35pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.5in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0in'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:95%'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>
1. the<i><span style='font-style:italic'> final</span></i> <i><span
style='font-style:italic'>velar nasal </span></i>[<b><span style='font-weight:
bold'>-©¯</span></b>]<i><span style='font-style:italic'> of the prefix</span></i>
is ¡®replaced¡¯ by the nasal <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>
consonant homorganic to the initial consonant of the wordbase [<b><span
style='font-weight:bold'>p</span></b>]:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>
<i><span style='font-style:italic'>ma<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>ng</span></b>-</span></i>
> <i><span style='font-style:italic'>ma<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>m</span></b>-</span></i>;
<i><span style='font-style:italic'> na<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>ng</span></b></span></i>-
<i><span style='font-style:italic'>> na<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>m</span></b></span></i>-;
<i><span style='font-style:italic'>pa<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>ng</span></b>-<b><span
style='font-weight:bold'> </span></b></span></i> > <i><span
style='font-style:italic'>pa<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>m</span></b>-<o:p></o:p></span></i></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><i><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-weight:bold;font-style:italic'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></i></b></p>
<p class=MsoBodyText style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:-27.35pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.5in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0in'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:95%'>
2 </span><span lang=EN-GB>the</span></font><span lang=EN-GB
style='line-height:95%'> <i><span style='font-style:italic'>initial stop </span></i>[<b><span
style='font-weight:bold'>p-</span></b>] of the wordbase <i><span
style='font-style:italic'>putol </span></i>is usually <b><i><span
style='font-weight:bold;font-style:italic'>nasalised</span></i></b>
(i.e., ¡®replaced¡¯ by<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyText style='margin-right:-27.35pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:
95%'><span style='line-height:95%'>
its <b><i><span style='font-weight:bold;font-style:italic'>homorganic</span></i></b><i><span
style='font-style:italic'> <b><span style='font-weight:bold'>nasal</span></b></span></i>
consonant <b><i><span style='font-weight:bold;font-style:italic'>/m/ </span></i></b>:
<b><i><span style='font-weight:bold;font-style:italic'>p</span></i></b><i><span
style='font-style:italic'>utol ></span></i> <b><i><span
style='font-weight:bold;font-style:italic'>m</span></i></b><i><span
style='font-style:italic'>utol)</span></i>;</span></span></font><font size=2><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;line-height:95%'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoBodyText style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:-27.35pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:33.75pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0in'><font
size=2 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:95%'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoBodyText style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:-27.35pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:33.75pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0in'><font
size=2 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:95%'>
3. <i><span style='font-style:italic'>ma<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>m</span></b>-
+ <b><span style='font-weight:bold'>m</span></b>utol > mamutol </span></i>¡®go
cutting (flowers, wood, etc.¡¯);<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoBodyText style='margin-right:-27.35pt'><i><font size=2
face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
95%;font-style:italic'>
na<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>m</span></b>- </span></font></i><font
size=2><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;line-height:95%'>+ <b><i><span
style='font-weight:bold;font-style:italic'>m</span></i></b><i><span
style='font-style:italic'>utol > namutol </span></i> ¡®went
cutting¡¯<i><span style='font-style:italic'> </span></i>(flowers, wood etc.);<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoBodyText style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:-27.35pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:9.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:0in'><i><font
size=2 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:95%;font-style:italic'>
</span></font></i><font size=2><span style='font-size:11.0pt;line-height:95%'> <i><span
style='font-style:italic'>pa<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>m</span></b>-
+ <b><span style='font-weight:bold'>m</span></b>utol > pamutol ¡®</span></i>
(instrument) for cutting¡¯</span></font><font size=2><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:11.0pt;line-height:95%'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoBodyText style='margin-right:-3.35pt;text-indent:0in'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:
95%'><span style='line-height:95%'> There
are cases when <i><span style='font-style:italic'>occurrence or non-occurrence
of prenasalisation </span></i>(of the wordbase)<i><span style='font-style:
italic'> marks a semantic distinction</span></i>. <o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoBodyText style='margin-right:-3.35pt;text-indent:0in'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:
95%'><span style='line-height:95%'>
For example: (a) when the wordbase <i><span style='font-style:italic'>bili
¡®</span></i>buy¡¯, is prefixed with <i><span style='font-style:italic'>pa<b><span
style='font-weight:bold'>m </span></b></span></i>(< <i><span
style='font-style:italic'>pang-</span></i>),<i><span style='font-style:italic'>
</span></i> the initial consonant [<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>b] </span></b>is
retained: <o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoBodyText style='margin-right:-3.35pt;text-indent:0in'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:
95%'><span style='line-height:95%'>
<b><i><span style='font-weight:bold;font-style:italic'>pambili</span></i></b>,
(instrument/use) for buying¡¯. <o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoBodyText style='margin-right:-3.35pt;text-indent:0in'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:
95%'><span style='line-height:95%'>
(b) when <i><span style='font-style:italic'>bili </span></i> is
prefixed with </span></span></font><i><font size=2><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:11.0pt;line-height:95%;font-style:italic'>ma<b><span
style='font-weight:bold'>m </span></b></span></font></i><font size=2><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;line-height:95%'>(<i><span style='font-style:
italic'>< mang-</span></i>)<b><i><span style='font-weight:bold;font-style:
italic'> </span></i></b>or <i><span style='font-style:italic'>na<b><span
style='font-weight:bold'>m </span></b></span></i>< <i><span
style='font-style:italic'>nang-</span></i>)</span></font><b><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-weight:bold'>, </span></b><span lang=EN-GB>the initial consonant <b><span
style='font-weight:bold'>[b] is </span></b> <b><span style='font-weight:
bold'>¡®<i><span style='font-style:italic'>nasalised</span></i>¡¯:</span></b> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyText style='margin-right:-3.35pt;text-indent:0in'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:
95%'><span style='line-height:95%'> <b><i><span
style='font-weight:bold;font-style:italic'>mamili</span></i></b><i><span
style='font-style:italic'> </span></i>¡®go shopping¡¯ and <b><i><span
style='font-weight:bold;font-style:italic'>namili</span></i></b><i><span
style='font-style:italic'> </span></i>¡®went shopping¡¯.<o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>It¡¯s been a long, long time since we last communicated.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Trust all is well with you.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Warmest regards and best wishes, Paz<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Paz <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Buenaventura</st1:place></st1:City> Naylor, Ph.D. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Emeritus: Associate
Professor, Asian Languages and Cultures <font color=navy><span
style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>
Program Associate, Linguistics<font color=navy><span style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>
Faculty Associate, Center for SSEAsian Studies<font color=navy><span
style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Formerly: Assistant
Professor, Linguistics<font color=navy><span style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>
Lecturer, Teaching Fellow, Romance Languages <font color=navy><span
style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>
The <st1:PlaceType w:st="on">University</st1:PlaceType> of <st1:PlaceName
w:st="on">Michigan</st1:PlaceName>, <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on">Ann
Arbor</st1:City> <st1:State w:st="on">MI</st1:State> <st1:PostalCode w:st="on">48109</st1:PostalCode></st1:place><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font size=2
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'> an-lang-bounces@anu.edu.au
[mailto:an-lang-bounces@anu.edu.au] <b><span style='font-weight:bold'>On Behalf
Of </span></b>Roger Mills<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Sunday, May 30, 2010 10:28
PM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> an-lang@anu.edu.au<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> [An-lang] Prenasalized
stops</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Verdana><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Verdana'>Dear Colleagues: In another context, a friend has raised
an interesting question:<br>
<br>
(QUOTE)<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<pre><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Are prenasalised consonants disfavoured as second elements of clusters? <br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt'>That is, in languages that have both unitary prenasalised Cs [like /mb)/,<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt'>say], and clusters whose second member is a stop [like /lb/], are clusters<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt'>of the sort /lmb)/ likely to be disallowed?<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt'><br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt'>(I was unsuccessful at Googling this, all I could get is discussion of<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt'>whether prenasalised Cs should be *themselves* analysed *as* clusters.)<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Verdana><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Verdana'>(End quote)<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<pre><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt'>Certainly not in the handful of AN languages I'm familiar with, but perhaps in others ???<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt'><br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt'>Thanks in advance for any replies.<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt'><br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt'>Roger Mills<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre></div>
<div style='mso-element:endnote-list'><br clear=all>
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<div style='mso-element:endnote' id=edn1>
<p class=MsoEndnoteText style='line-height:95%'><a style='mso-endnote-id:edn1'
href="#_ednref1" name="_edn1" title=""><span class=MsoEndnoteReference><sup><font
size=2 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;
line-height:95%'><span class=MsoEndnoteReference><sup><font size=2
face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>[i]</span></font></sup></span></span></font></sup></span></a><span
lang=EN-GB> This is the perfective form of <i><span style='font-style:
italic'>mang-<o:p></o:p></span></i></span></p>
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