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<![endif]--><big><span
lang="EN-AU"><o:p>hi, </o:p></span></big><big><span lang="EN-AU"><o:p> </o:p></span></big><br>
<br>
<font face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><big><span lang="EN-AU">Here are a few
data from northern Vanuatu; same is copied on attached Pdf file (where
phonetic fonts might display better.)<br>
<br>
The languages of the Torres &
Banks Islands have two sets of forms with a similar meaning: </span></big></font>
<p class="expuceCxSpFirst"
style="margin-left: 63.8pt; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]--><font
face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><big><span
style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";" lang="EN-AU"><span
style="">–<span
style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-AU">a postverbal modifier I here
gloss
‘<b style=""><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Reversive</span></b>’,
similar
to Eng. <i style="">back</i> in ‘go back’ or ‘pay s.o.
back’.<span style=""> </span>Indicates that the event somehow
reverses or contradicts the effect of a previous event.</span></big></font></p>
<p class="expuceCxSpLast"
style="margin-left: 63.8pt; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]--><font
face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><big><span
style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";" lang="EN-AU"><span
style="">–<span
style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-AU">another postverbal modifier I
gloss ‘<b style=""><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">again</span></b>’,
presenting
an event as somehow a repetition of a previous event;<span style=""> </span>it
can also mean ‘<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">also</span>’.</span></big></font></p>
<p class="Textnon-indented"><font face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><big><span
lang="EN-AU">The two modifiers can occur on their
own, but quite often they cooccur;<span style=""> </span>in
which case they always come in the order {Reversive + again}:</span></big></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><big><span
lang="EN-AU"><o:p><br>
</o:p></span></big></font></p>
<p class="exvernaculaire"
style="margin-left: 63.8pt; text-indent: -49.6pt;"><font
face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><big><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-AU">Hiw</span></i><span
style="" lang="EN-AU"><span style=""> </span>ninə<span
style=""> </span><span style=""> </span>at<span style="">
</span><b style="">ŋʷʉjə</b><span style=""> </span><b
style=""><i style="">wəjɔɣ</i></b><span style=""> </span>mə.</span><span
style="font-family: "Lucida Sans Unicode","sans-serif";" lang="EN-AU"><o:p></o:p></span></big></font></p>
<p class="exvernaculaire"
style="margin-left: 63.8pt; text-indent: -49.6pt;"><font
face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><big><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-AU">Lemerig</span></i><span
style="" lang="EN-AU"><span style=""> </span>ti<span style="">
</span>m‑<span style=""> </span>ɪs<span style=""> </span><b
style="">kɪl</b><span style=""> </span><b style=""><i
style="">lik</i></b><span style=""> </span>mɛ.</span><span
style="font-family: "Lucida Sans Unicode","sans-serif";" lang="EN-AU"><o:p></o:p></span></big></font></p>
<p class="exvernaculaire"
style="margin-left: 63.8pt; text-indent: -49.6pt;"><font
face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><big><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-AU">Mwotlap</span></i><span
style="" lang="EN-AU"><span style=""> </span>kɪ<span style="">
</span>m‑<span style=""> </span>ɪh<span style=""> </span><b
style="">lɔk</b><span style=""> </span><b style=""><i
style="">sɛ</i></b><span style=""> </span>mɛ.</span><span
style="font-family: "Lucida Sans Unicode","sans-serif";" lang="EN-AU"><o:p></o:p></span></big></font></p>
<p class="exvernaculaire"
style="margin-left: 63.8pt; text-indent: -49.6pt;"><font
face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><big><i style="">Dorig</i><span style="">
</span>ni<span style=""> </span>m‑<span style=""> </span>ɪs<span
style=""> </span><b style="">kɪl</b><span style="">
</span><b style=""><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-AU">mlɪ</span></i></b><span
style=""> </span>ma.<span
style="font-family: "Lucida Sans Unicode","sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></big></font></p>
<p class="exvernaculaire"
style="margin-left: 63.8pt; text-indent: -49.6pt;"><font
face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><big><i style="">Lakon</i><span style="">
</span>nɪ<span style=""> </span>n‑<span style=""> </span>ʔɪs<span
style=""> </span><b style="">lʊk</b><span style="">
</span><b style=""><i style="">lɪh</i></b><span style=""> </span>ma.<span
style="font-family: "Lucida Sans Unicode","sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></big></font></p>
<p class="exgloss" style="margin-left: 63.8pt;"><font
face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><big><span lang="EN-US">3sg<span style="">
</span><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">perf</span><span style="">
</span>be.alive<span style=""> </span>Reversive<span style=""> </span>again<span
style=""> </span>hither</span></big></font></p>
‘He has come back to life again.’<br>
<br>
While the languages are all structurally parallel, the forms are
diverse (see attached document).<br>
<br>
Most languages have an etymon *ᵑgelu for the ‘Reversive’, of unclear
origin (perhaps ‘backwards’). Three languages use the verb ‘return’
(<POc *<b>mule</b>) for their Reversive. See Frank Lichtenberk's
heterosemy paper, and indeed Claire Moyse-Faurie's Cool8 talk.<br>
<br>
The word for ‘also, again’ is even more diverse. One etymon that stands
out can be reconstructed as *mule(ŋ)i ~ *mula(ŋ)i; it is quite
possible that it is derived historically (yet rather irregularly) from
*mule.<br>
<br>
Nothing here seems to be cognate either with <i>ghua</i>, or *voki, or
anything else I know in other languages.<br>
<br>
regards,<br>
Alex<font face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><big><span lang="EN-AU">.</span></big></font>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU"><o:p> </o:p></span><span
id="IDstID"><br>
<hr width="300" align="left"><span
style="color: gray; font-size: 9pt; font-family: monospace;"><b>Dr
Alex FRANÇOIS</b><br>
<br>
LACITO - CNRS, France<br>
<br>
2009-2012: Visiting Fellow<br>
Linguistics<br>
School of Culture, History and Language<br>
Australian National University<br>
ACT 0200, Australia<br>
<br>
Home address:<br>
31 Ainsworth St, Mawson, ACT 2607, Australia<br>
ph: [h] (+61)-2-6166 5569<br>
[w] (+61)-2-6125 1664<br>
[mob] (+61)-4-50 960 042<br>
<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://alex.francois.free.fr">http://alex.francois.free.fr</a><br>
<br>
</span></span><span lang="EN-AU"><o:p>
<hr width="100%" size="2"></o:p></span></p>
<p class="Texte"><span lang="EN-AU"><o:p> </o:p></span><br>
</p>
On 24/03/2011 1:23 PM, Frank Lichtenberk (ARTS DALSL) wrote:
<blockquote
cite="mid:947048D2B581C14C9EA483D3FD76896B015B0CF25FED@artsmail4.ARTSNET.AUCKLAND.AC.NZ"
type="cite">
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">Hello
everybody,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">There
are recurrent links between the meanings ‘return’ on the one hand and
‘again’ and ‘also’ (and some others) on the other in Oceanic. I
discussed that in my paper Semantic change and heterosemy in
grammaticalization (<i>Language</i> 67 (1991)), and Claire Moyse-Faurie
discussed it, in much more detail, in her keynote paper at COOL8. And
so, as also pointed out by Malcolm and Paul, it might pay to look for
verbs ‘return’ when looking for cognates of ‘again’ and ‘also’.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">Frank
Lichtenberk<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div
style="border-style: solid none none; border-color: rgb(181, 196, 223) -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color; border-width: 1pt medium medium; padding: 3pt 0cm 0cm;">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif";"
lang="EN-US">From:</span></b><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif";"
lang="EN-US"> <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:an-lang-bounces@anu.edu.au">an-lang-bounces@anu.edu.au</a>
[<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="mailto:an-lang-bounces@anu.edu.au">mailto:an-lang-bounces@anu.edu.au</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Paul Geraghty<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, 24 March 2011 2:39 p.m.<br>
<b>To:</b> 'C Wegener'; <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:an-lang@anu.edu.au">an-lang@anu.edu.au</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [An-lang] Proto-Oceanic for 'again' or 'also'?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"
lang="EN-US">Claudia, It’s possible Gela <i>ghoi</i> is cognate with
Proto Polynesian *koi ‘still, while’ – also pre-verbal – but if so,
meaning unclear. My best bet would be *voki, which is reconstructable
at Proto Eastern Oceanic and no doubt earlier meaning ‘return’, and has
become a post-verbal for ‘again’ in a number of Eastern Fijian and
Polynesian languages. Paul Geraghty<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"
lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif";"
lang="EN-US">From:</span></b><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif";"
lang="EN-US"> <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:an-lang-bounces@anu.edu.au">an-lang-bounces@anu.edu.au</a>
[<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="mailto:an-lang-bounces@anu.edu.au">mailto:an-lang-bounces@anu.edu.au</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>C Wegener<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, March 23, 2011 11:07 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:an-lang@anu.edu.au">an-lang@anu.edu.au</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [An-lang] Proto-Oceanic for 'again' or 'also'?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;"><span
style="color: black;" lang="EN-US">Dear all, <br>
<br>
I've been trying to find out if there is any reconstruction for
Proto-Oceanic (or maybe Proto-Southeast-Solomonic) for a form meaning
'again' or 'also', but so far haven't been successful. <br>
<br>
The reason why I am interested in this is that there are two lexemes
with this meaning found in Gela and Bughotu (both Southeast Solomonic,
spoken in the central Solomon Islands), <i>ghua</i> (following a verb
or a noun/NP) and <i>ghoi</i> (positioned between a subject/TAM marker
at the beginning of a verb complex and a verb). Is any evidence for
either of these to be 'proper' Oceanic?<br>
<br>
I'd be grateful for any information or references!<br>
<br>
Thanks in advance,<br>
Claudia Wegener</span></p>
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