<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style><font face="verdana, sans-serif">The ACD <span style="color:rgb(0,128,0);text-align:justify">(</span><a href="http://www.trussel2.com/ACD/acd-s_q.htm#27650" style="text-align:justify">http://www.trussel2.com/ACD/acd-s_q.htm#27650</a><span style="color:rgb(0,128,0);text-align:justify">) </span>reveals two other semantic links from "pity" > "give":</font></div><div class="gmail_default" style></div><font face="verdana, sans-serif"><b>Old Javanese</b> <i>paŋ-asih</i> ‘favor, favorite; gift (as token of love, benevolence or favor); drinks offered to a guest’<br></font><div><font face="verdana, sans-serif"><b>Tae'</b><div class="gmail_default" style="display:inline"> (Toraja) </div><i>asi</i><div class="gmail_default" style="display:inline"> '</div>give a gift out of affection<div class="gmail_default" style="display:inline">'</div><div class="gmail_default" style="display:inline"></div></font><div class="gmail_default" style><font face="verdana, sans-serif"><br></font></div></div><div class="gmail_default" style><font face="verdana, sans-serif">As for Palawano, the forms <i>asi</i> and <i>kasi</i> are definitely related but I would suspect <i>kasi</i> is a borrowing from Malay. According to the ACD, a "love" meaning for *ka-qasiq is found in Javanese, Malay, Sundanese and Balinese but does not seem to be attested in any languages of the Philippines, where it only has the (presumably) original meaning of "pity". Well, it's probably a thin line in any case between pity and love but that's a topic for another thread. </font></div><div class="gmail_default" style><font face="verdana, sans-serif"><br></font></div><div class="gmail_default" style><font face="verdana, sans-serif">*kaqasiq,</font></div><div class="gmail_default" style><font face="verdana, sans-serif"><br></font></div><div class="gmail_default" style><font face="verdana, sans-serif">Dan<br></font></div><div class="gmail_default" style><br></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Sun, Feb 15, 2015 at 6:27 PM, <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:an-lang-request@anu.edu.au" target="_blank">an-lang-request@anu.edu.au</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">Send An-lang mailing list submissions to<br>
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Today's Topics:<br>
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1. Etymology of Malayic "kasi" ("give") David Gil (Bill Davis)<br>
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Message: 1<br>
Date: Sun, 15 Feb 2015 18:27:43 -0500<br>
From: Bill Davis <<a href="mailto:bill_davis@ntm.org">bill_davis@ntm.org</a>><br>
Subject: [An-lang] Etymology of Malayic "kasi" ("give") David Gil<br>
To: "<a href="mailto:an-lang@anu.edu.au">an-lang@anu.edu.au</a>" <<a href="mailto:an-lang@anu.edu.au">an-lang@anu.edu.au</a>><br>
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Hi David and all,<br>
<br>
I can?t comment on your proposed etymology. And I admit I am not familiar with the meaning ?give? for kasi. I can see the logic in Uri's explanation where "pity/care about" becomes via metonymy "give out of pity/caring about."<br>
<br>
My comments here probably relate more to kasi meaning ?care/love? (e.g. Terima kasi, etc.), and may not be helpful, not hopefully are at least interesting!<br>
<br>
In SW Palawano (PLV) on southern Palawan in the Philippines, so far south it is practically in Malaysia/Indonesia, we have the following:<br>
<br>
kasi means ?love.? It is a noun, and a verb root (letter e here is schwa-like vowel):<br>
kesien (transitive, so-called object focus, etc.)<br>
<br>
?an adjective (with common me- derivational prefix)<br>
mekasi ?loving"<br>
<br>
There is also a derived adjectival form (from CV2 + -en)<br>
kekesien ?beloved"<br>
<br>
Now ?pity/mercy? in Palawano is ingasi?<br>
<br>
My theory on this one is that it comes from:<br>
in- + root<br>
<br>
We have an interesting prefix in- which creates various social/interactive/relational stems, sometimes adding the idea of completeness or action. Sometimes it seems to derive a different kind or degree of transitivity.<br>
<br>
in- assimilates to tbe initial consonant in some cases; other times it creates a portmanteau.<br>
<br>
It is not a productive affix, but only shows up in in a very limited set of fossilized forms where the (apparent) new stem functions as a verb root. Here are some examples of how it works, plus the ingasi (pity/mercy form, which I believe is related to your kasi question.)<br>
<br>
kaan root: ?to eat?<br>
kumaan ?to eat a food"<br>
mengaan ?to eat a meal"<br>
menginaan ?to eat together socially? (my theory: meng- + [[in- + kaan]])<br>
<br>
seod root: ?to find out, learn?<br>
seuden ?to find something out?<br>
keseudan ?knowledge"<br>
menginseod-seod ?to ask after someone? (also penginseod-seod) (my theory: [[in- + seod]] + RT2 distributive)<br>
<br>
<br>
poon root: ?stem/trunk, source?<br>
impoonan ?to cut x off at the trunk? (my theory: [[in- + poon]] + -an)<br>
<br>
kulit root: ?skin?<br>
inkulitan ?to skin x" (my theory: [[in- + kulit]] + -an)<br>
<br>
kasi root: ?love?<br>
kesien ?to love?<br>
ingasi stem: ?pity/mercy? (my theory: [[in- + kasi]])<br>
ingesinan ?to show pity/mercy upon x? (my theory: [[in- + kasi]] + -an)<br>
(note we have the Agusan Manobo-like a-> schwa shift)<br>
<br>
Back to your theory on kasi coming from a complex form, interestingly, perhaps, we also have a root asi? which might mean ?to take care.? I?ve only heard it in imperative forms like these:<br>
Asi-asi ga! ?Watch out! / Be careful!"<br>
Asi-asi na diki mededag! ?Watch out that (you/it) don?t/doesn?t fall!"<br>
<br>
So might kasi come from ke- (non-volitional/abilitative/stative) + asi (care for)?<br>
<br>
Hmmmm.<br>
<br>
-Bill<br>
<br>
<br>
On Feb 8, 2015, at 5:01 PM, "<a href="mailto:an-lang-request@anu.edu.au">an-lang-request@anu.edu.au</a><mailto:<a href="mailto:an-lang-request@anu.edu.au">an-lang-request@anu.edu.au</a>>" <<a href="mailto:an-lang-request@anu.edu.au">an-lang-request@anu.edu.au</a><mailto:<a href="mailto:an-lang-request@anu.edu.au">an-lang-request@anu.edu.au</a>>> wrote:<br>
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1. Re: An-lang Digest, Vol 137, Issue 1 (Uri Tadmor)<br>
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From: Uri Tadmor <<a href="mailto:uritadmor@yahoo.com">uritadmor@yahoo.com</a><mailto:<a href="mailto:uritadmor@yahoo.com">uritadmor@yahoo.com</a>>><br>
Subject: Re: [An-lang] An-lang Digest, Vol 137, Issue 1<br>
To: "<a href="mailto:an-lang@anu.edu.au">an-lang@anu.edu.au</a><mailto:<a href="mailto:an-lang@anu.edu.au">an-lang@anu.edu.au</a>>" <<a href="mailto:an-lang@anu.edu.au">an-lang@anu.edu.au</a><mailto:<a href="mailto:an-lang@anu.edu.au">an-lang@anu.edu.au</a>>><br>
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Hi David,<br>
The root sih appears with various prefixes in various western Austronesian languages with the meaning 'pity', 'love', 'generous', e.g. in Malay kasih-sayang 'love', kasihan 'pity, poor X!', the compound sumbangsih 'contribution, assistance'; Old Javanese sih/asih 'love, affection, sympathy, generosity'; and modern Javanese sih 'love, favor'.? The missing link to the semantic shift from 'pity' to 'give' in Bazaar Malay can be seen in Onya Darat (a Land Dayak language of western Kalimantan) where the manse (it's a direct cognate, I can explain to you the derivation separately) means 'to give out of pity'.? The prototypical use of manse is giving meat after a hunt to members the community who are too old or weak to participate in a hunt or do not have family members who can participate in a hunt (e.g. widows and orphans).? Loss of the final -h is not unusual in Bazaar Malay (and in fact in Java Malay kasih 'give' retains the -h).? The initial ka- is indeed an affix but I'm not !<br>
sure it can be related to Malay ke 'to' or akan 'about, etc.'.? It is the same ka- or ke- found in the circumfix ka-an/ke-an.<br>
Best,<br>
Uri<br>
<br>
<br>
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? 1. etymology of Malayic "kasi" ('give') (David Gil)<br>
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Message: 1<br>
Date: Sat, 07 Feb 2015 16:13:49 +0900<br>
From: David Gil <<a href="mailto:gil@eva.mpg.de">gil@eva.mpg.de</a><mailto:<a href="mailto:gil@eva.mpg.de">gil@eva.mpg.de</a>>><br>
Subject: [An-lang] etymology of Malayic "kasi" ('give')<br>
To: Austronesian languages <<a href="mailto:an-lang@anu.edu.au">an-lang@anu.edu.au</a><mailto:<a href="mailto:an-lang@anu.edu.au">an-lang@anu.edu.au</a>>><br>
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Dear Austronesianists,<br>
<br>
I am trying to find an etymology for Malayic "kasi" ('give').? Can<br>
anybody ...<br>
<br>
(1) point me to a previously proposed etymology for "kasi"?<br>
(2) suggest possible cognate forms in other (non-Malayic) Austronesian<br>
languages?<br>
(3) offer any other relevant thoughts and suggestions?<br>
<br>
So far I have not been able to find anything.? My current thinking is<br>
that "kasi" may be part of a complex of interrelated forms such as<br>
Standard Malay "ke" ('to'), "akan" (future, oblique), and "=kan"<br>
(causative, applicative), but this remains speculative.<br>
<br>
Thanks,<br>
<br>
David<br>
<br>
--<br>
David Gil<br>
<br>
Department of Linguistics<br>
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology<br>
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Telephone: 49-341-3550321 Fax: 49-341-3550333<br>
<a href="mailto:Email%3Agil@eva.mpg.de">Email:gil@eva.mpg.de</a><<a href="http://eva.mpg.de" target="_blank">http://eva.mpg.de</a>><br>
Webpage:<a href="http://www.eva.mpg.de/~gil/" target="_blank">http://www.eva.mpg.de/~gil/</a><<a href="http://www.eva.mpg.de/~gil/" target="_blank">http://www.eva.mpg.de/~gil/</a>><br>
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