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    The online Malay dictionary at
    <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://melayuonline.com/ind/dictionary/detail/12/I/40">http://melayuonline.com/ind/dictionary/detail/12/I/40</a> glosses
    "iraga" as<br>
    <br>
    mata angin antara utara dengan utara timur laut<br>
    <br>
    which translates as "cardinal point between north and northeast".<br>
    <br>
    The Malay orthography is not a reliable indicator of whether the
    word has a final glottal, and a few random people I asked today had
    never heard of the word.<br>
    <br>
    For what it's worth, the phonotactics of the word is rather odd from
    a Malay perspective, as most Malay words are disyllabic, and if they
    do have an antepenult, it usually contains whatever the "neutral"
    vowel is in the respective dialect happens to be — which is never a
    high [i].<br>
    <br>
    <br>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 10/03/2017 15:16, Laurie Reid wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:CAMkj3CXSU+PLtxeA9XqWQ1esr6wKu7Npu1TZwenZY_+5FWXFGA@mail.gmail.com"
      type="cite">
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      <div dir="ltr">The form actually has a final glottal stop, hilagā,
        which suggests it may be a borrowing from Malay <i>iraga </i>'north
        wind' as noted by Antonio Pigafetta (note John Wolff's paper on
        Malay borrowings in Tagalog).</div>
      <div class="gmail_extra"><br>
        <div class="gmail_quote">On Thu, Mar 9, 2017 at 9:19 AM, Robert
          Blust <span dir="ltr"><<a moz-do-not-send="true"
              href="mailto:blust@hawaii.edu" target="_blank">blust@hawaii.edu</a>></span>
          wrote:<br>
          <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0
            .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
            <div dir="ltr">
              <div>Hello,</div>
              <div><br>
              </div>
              <div>I'm not sure where Bill Davis got the idea that
                "Malaysian and Indonesian have <em>hilaga".  </em>The
                normal word for 'north' in Malay/Indonesian is <em>utara</em>,
                a Sanskrit loan, and <em>hilaga</em> does not appear in
                any dictionary of the language that I have seen.  The<em>
                  hilaga</em> form appears rather to be confined to
                Tagalog and a small number of languages in the
                Philippines that may have borrowed from it.</div>
              <div><br>
              </div>
              <div>Best,</div>
              <div><br>
              </div>
              <div>Bob Blust</div>
            </div>
            <div class="gmail_extra"><br>
              <div class="gmail_quote">On Wed, Mar 8, 2017 at 3:22 PM,
                Bill Davis <span dir="ltr"><<a
                    moz-do-not-send="true"
                    href="mailto:bill_davis@ntm.org" target="_blank"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:bill_davis@ntm.org">bill_davis@ntm.org</a></a>></span>
                wrote:<br>
                <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0
                  .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
                  <div>
                    Not sure, but I know that SW Palawano (PLV) has <i>iraga?</i> and
                    Malaysian and Indonesian have
                    <i>hilaga</i>. I have heard that cardinal directions
                    came into Austronesian from other sources. Before
                    that names of seasonal winds, up/down river,
                    mountainward/seaward, etc., were all.
                    <div><br>
                    </div>
                    <div>-Bill</div>
                    <div><br>
                    </div>
                    <div><br>
                      <div>
                        <blockquote type="cite">
                          <div>On Mar 8, 2017, at 5:00 PM, <a
                              moz-do-not-send="true"
                              href="mailto:an-lang-request@anu.edu.au"
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                              <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:an-lang-request@anu.edu.au">an-lang-request@anu.edu.au</a></a> wrote:</div>
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                              Today's Topics:<br>
                              <br>
                                1. Etymology of Tagalog "hilaga"
                              (Christopher Sundita)<br>
                              <br>
                              <br>
                              ------------------------------<wbr>------------------------------<wbr>----------<br>
                              <br>
                              Message: 1<br>
                              Date: Tue, 7 Mar 2017 22:03:24 -0800<br>
                              From: Christopher Sundita <<a
                                moz-do-not-send="true"
                                href="mailto:cas536@cornell.edu"
                                target="_blank"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:cas536@cornell.edu">cas536@cornell.edu</a></a>><br>
                              To: <<a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                href="mailto:an-lang@anu.edu.au"
                                target="_blank">an-lang@anu.edu.au</a>><br>
                              Subject: [An-lang] Etymology of Tagalog
                              "hilaga"<br>
                              Message-ID:<br>
                              <span class="m_5538673943618020820m_-7228740536816390679Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre-wrap"></span><CAFOO0beFaKXk0w20GAqJOd+Jrxdm<wbr>WkZRtdMFcdjfi+Chq=<a
                                moz-do-not-send="true"
                                href="mailto:Lbuw@mail.gmail.com"
                                target="_blank">Lbuw@mail.<wbr>gmail.com</a>><br>
                              Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"<br>
                              <br>
                              Hello,<br>
                              <br>
                              Does anyone happen to have any insight on
                              the etymology of Tagalog<br>
                              *hilaga *'north'?<br>
                              I've consulted the ABVD, ACD, and Wolff
                              (2010), but was not very successful<br>
                              in finding an answer.<br>
                              <br>
                              I see that the word for "north" in a
                              number of Philippine are reflexes of<br>
                              PAn *qamiS, though the Tagalog reflex,
                              *amihan*, refers to the north or<br>
                              northeast wind.<br>
                              <br>
                              I also see that Antonio Pigafetta noted
                              that the word *iraga *'north<br>
                              wind' in his Malay word list.<br>
                              <br>
                              Thanks,<br>
                              <br>
                              Chris Sundita<br>
                              <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                href="http://conf.ling.cornell.edu/csundita"
                                target="_blank">http://conf.ling.cornell.edu/c<wbr>sundita</a><br>
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                              ------------------------------<br>
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                              ------------------------------<br>
                              <br>
                              End of An-lang Digest, Vol 161, Issue 3<br>
                              ******************************<wbr>*********<br>
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                          </div>
                        </blockquote>
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        <br>
        -- <br>
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                            <div>
                              <div>--------------------------<br>
                                Lawrence A. Reid<br>
                              </div>
                              Researcher Emeritus<br>
                            </div>
                            University of Hawai`i<br>
                          </div>
                          Honolulu<br>
                        </div>
                        HI<br>
                        <br>
                        <div>Research Fellow in Linguistics<br>
                        </div>
                        <div>National Museum of the Philippines<br>
                        </div>
                        Manila<br>
                        <br>
                      </div>
                      Home address (abbreviated):<br>
                    </div>
                    Minoo-shi, Osaka, Japan<br>
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      <pre wrap="">_______________________________________________
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</pre>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    <pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">-- 
David Gil

Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution
Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany

Email: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:gil@shh.mpg.de">gil@shh.mpg.de</a>
Office Phone (Germany): +49-3641686834
Mobile Phone (Indonesia): +62-81281162816

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