<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">In Tausug, <i>hilaga' </i>is the name for a north-northwest wind (as opposed to the Brunei Malay north-northeast wind).</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">Below are the Tausug wind names (w/varied etymological origins) from p.166 of Hassan, Irene U., Seymour A. Ashley & Mary L. Ashley. 1994. <i>Tausug-English Dictionary: Kabtangan Iban Maana</i>. Manila: SIL Publications. </div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><b>uttara'</b> north</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><b>timul</b>   northeast</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><b>tunggara'</b> east to southeast</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><b>sātan</b> south to southeast</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><b>barat daya</b> south to southwest</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><b>habagat</b> southwest to west-southwest</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><b>kanaway</b> northwest</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><b>hilaga'</b> north-northwest</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">best,</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">Dan</div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">2017-03-12 21:00 GMT-04:00  <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:an-lang-request@anu.edu.au" target="_blank">an-lang-request@anu.edu.au</a>></span>:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">Send An-lang mailing list submissions to<br>
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   1. Re: Etymology of Tagalog "hilaga" (Adrian Clynes)<br>
<br>
<br>
------------------------------<wbr>------------------------------<wbr>----------<br>
<br>
Message: 1<br>
Date: Mon, 13 Mar 2017 11:55:20 +1100<br>
From: Adrian Clynes <<a href="mailto:aclynes@gmail.com">aclynes@gmail.com</a>><br>
To: David Gil <<a href="mailto:gil@shh.mpg.de">gil@shh.mpg.de</a>><br>
Cc: Austronesian languages list <<a href="mailto:an-lang@anu.edu.au">an-lang@anu.edu.au</a>><br>
Subject: Re: [An-lang] Etymology of Tagalog "hilaga"<br>
Message-ID:<br>
        <<a href="mailto:CAEMqCVJR_n0SoJaJV7FnyFr_MBMccV287hEmEPVMT%2BRo2UAJbw@mail.gmail.com">CAEMqCVJR_n0SoJaJV7FnyFr_<wbr>MBMccV287hEmEPVMT+Ro2UAJbw@<wbr>mail.gmail.com</a>><br>
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<br>
Brunei Malay has/had iraga 'north' Moulton 1921 'Points of the compass in<br>
Brunei Malay', Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society<br>
83:75<br>
<br>
On 11 Mar 2017 1:28 AM, "David Gil" <<a href="mailto:gil@shh.mpg.de">gil@shh.mpg.de</a>> wrote:<br>
<br>
The online Malay dictionary at <a href="http://melayuonline.com/ind/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://melayuonline.com/ind/</a><br>
dictionary/detail/12/I/40 glosses "iraga" as<br>
<br>
mata angin antara utara dengan utara timur laut<br>
<br>
which translates as "cardinal point between north and northeast".<br>
<br>
The Malay orthography is not a reliable indicator of whether the word has a<br>
final glottal, and a few random people I asked today had never heard of the<br>
word.<br>
<br>
For what it's worth, the phonotactics of the word is rather odd from a<br>
Malay perspective, as most Malay words are disyllabic, and if they do have<br>
an antepenult, it usually contains whatever the "neutral" vowel is in the<br>
respective dialect happens to be ? which is never a high [i].<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
On 10/03/2017 15:16, Laurie Reid wrote:<br>
<br>
The form actually has a final glottal stop, hilag?, which suggests it may<br>
be a borrowing from Malay *iraga *'north wind' as noted by Antonio<br>
Pigafetta (note John Wolff's paper on Malay borrowings in Tagalog).<br>
<br>
On Thu, Mar 9, 2017 at 9:19 AM, Robert Blust <<a href="mailto:blust@hawaii.edu">blust@hawaii.edu</a>> wrote:<br>
<br>
> Hello,<br>
><br>
> I'm not sure where Bill Davis got the idea that "Malaysian and Indonesian<br>
> have *hilaga".  *The normal word for 'north' in Malay/Indonesian is<br>
> *utara*, a Sanskrit loan, and *hilaga* does not appear in any dictionary<br>
> of the language that I have seen.  The* hilaga* form appears rather to be<br>
> confined to Tagalog and a small number of languages in the Philippines that<br>
> may have borrowed from it.<br>
><br>
> Best,<br>
><br>
> Bob Blust<br>
><br>
> On Wed, Mar 8, 2017 at 3:22 PM, Bill Davis <<a href="mailto:bill_davis@ntm.org">bill_davis@ntm.org</a>> wrote:<br>
><br>
>> Not sure, but I know that SW Palawano (PLV) has *iraga?* and Malaysian<br>
>> and Indonesian have *hilaga*. I have heard that cardinal directions came<br>
>> into Austronesian from other sources. Before that names of seasonal winds,<br>
>> up/down river, mountainward/seaward, etc., were all.<br>
>><br>
>> -Bill<br>
>><br>
>><br>
>> On Mar 8, 2017, at 5:00 PM, <a href="mailto:an-lang-request@anu.edu.au">an-lang-request@anu.edu.au</a> wrote:<br>
>><br>
>> Send An-lang mailing list submissions to<br>
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>><br>
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>><br>
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>> than "Re: Contents of An-lang digest..."<br>
>><br>
>><br>
>> Today's Topics:<br>
>><br>
>>   1. Etymology of Tagalog "hilaga" (Christopher Sundita)<br>
>><br>
>><br>
>> ------------------------------<wbr>------------------------------<wbr>----------<br>
>><br>
>> Message: 1<br>
>> Date: Tue, 7 Mar 2017 22:03:24 -0800<br>
>> From: Christopher Sundita <<a href="mailto:cas536@cornell.edu">cas536@cornell.edu</a>><br>
>> To: <<a href="mailto:an-lang@anu.edu.au">an-lang@anu.edu.au</a>><br>
>> Subject: [An-lang] Etymology of Tagalog "hilaga"<br>
>> Message-ID:<br>
>> <CAFOO0beFaKXk0w20GAqJOd+<wbr>JrxdmWkZRtdMFcdjfi+Chq=<a href="mailto:Lbuw@mail.gmail.com">Lbuw@<wbr>mail.gmail.com</a>><br>
>> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"<br>
>><br>
>> Hello,<br>
>><br>
>> Does anyone happen to have any insight on the etymology of Tagalog<br>
>> *hilaga *'north'?<br>
>> I've consulted the ABVD, ACD, and Wolff (2010), but was not very<br>
>> successful<br>
>> in finding an answer.<br>
>><br>
>> I see that the word for "north" in a number of Philippine are reflexes of<br>
>> PAn *qamiS, though the Tagalog reflex, *amihan*, refers to the north or<br>
>> northeast wind.<br>
>><br>
>> I also see that Antonio Pigafetta noted that the word *iraga *'north<br>
>> wind' in his Malay word list.<br>
>><br>
>> Thanks,<br>
>><br>
>> Chris Sundita<br>
>> <a href="http://conf.ling.cornell.edu/csundita" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://conf.ling.cornell.edu/<wbr>csundita</a><br>
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>> End of An-lang Digest, Vol 161, Issue 3<br>
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--<br>
--------------------------<br>
Lawrence A. Reid<br>
Researcher Emeritus<br>
University of Hawai`i<br>
Honolulu<br>
HI<br>
<br>
Research Fellow in Linguistics<br>
National Museum of the Philippines<br>
Manila<br>
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</blockquote></div><br></div></div>