<div dir="ltr"><div>Hi Dan,</div><div><br></div><div>I think by now it's pretty clear that this is a Brunei Malay loan in several parts of the Philippines (hardly the only one!).</div><div><br></div><div>Best,</div><div><br></div><div>Bob</div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Mon, Mar 13, 2017 at 6:55 AM, Daniel Kaufman <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:bahasawan@gmail.com" target="_blank">bahasawan@gmail.com</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">In Tausug, <i>hilaga' </i>is the name for a north-northwest wind (as opposed to the Brunei Malay north-northeast wind).</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">Below are the Tausug wind names (w/varied etymological origins) from p.166 of Hassan, Irene U., Seymour A. Ashley & Mary L. Ashley. 1994. <i>Tausug-English Dictionary: Kabtangan Iban Maana</i>. Manila: SIL Publications. </div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><b>uttara'</b> north</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><b>timul</b> northeast</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><b>tunggara'</b> east to southeast</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><b>sātan</b> south to southeast</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><b>barat daya</b> south to southwest</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><b>habagat</b> southwest to west-southwest</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><b>kanaway</b> northwest</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><b>hilaga'</b> north-northwest</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">best,</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">Dan</div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">2017-03-12 21:00 GMT-04:00 <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:an-lang-request@anu.edu.au" target="_blank">an-lang-request@anu.edu.au</a>></span>:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;padding-left:1ex;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid">Send An-lang mailing list submissions to<br>
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Today's Topics:<br>
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1. Re: Etymology of Tagalog "hilaga" (Adrian Clynes)<br>
<br>
<br>
------------------------------<wbr>------------------------------<wbr>----------<br>
<br>
Message: 1<br>
Date: Mon, 13 Mar 2017 11:55:20 +1100<br>
From: Adrian Clynes <<a href="mailto:aclynes@gmail.com" target="_blank">aclynes@gmail.com</a>><br>
To: David Gil <<a href="mailto:gil@shh.mpg.de" target="_blank">gil@shh.mpg.de</a>><br>
Cc: Austronesian languages list <<a href="mailto:an-lang@anu.edu.au" target="_blank">an-lang@anu.edu.au</a>><br>
Subject: Re: [An-lang] Etymology of Tagalog "hilaga"<br>
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<br>
Brunei Malay has/had iraga 'north' Moulton 1921 'Points of the compass in<br>
Brunei Malay', Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society<br>
83:75<br>
<br>
On 11 Mar 2017 1:28 AM, "David Gil" <<a href="mailto:gil@shh.mpg.de" target="_blank">gil@shh.mpg.de</a>> wrote:<br>
<br>
The online Malay dictionary at <a href="http://melayuonline.com/ind/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://melayuonline.com/ind/</a><br>
dictionary/detail/12/I/40 glosses "iraga" as<br>
<br>
mata angin antara utara dengan utara timur laut<br>
<br>
which translates as "cardinal point between north and northeast".<br>
<br>
The Malay orthography is not a reliable indicator of whether the word has a<br>
final glottal, and a few random people I asked today had never heard of the<br>
word.<br>
<br>
For what it's worth, the phonotactics of the word is rather odd from a<br>
Malay perspective, as most Malay words are disyllabic, and if they do have<br>
an antepenult, it usually contains whatever the "neutral" vowel is in the<br>
respective dialect happens to be ? which is never a high [i].<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
On 10/03/2017 15:16, Laurie Reid wrote:<br>
<br>
The form actually has a final glottal stop, hilag?, which suggests it may<br>
be a borrowing from Malay *iraga *'north wind' as noted by Antonio<br>
Pigafetta (note John Wolff's paper on Malay borrowings in Tagalog).<br>
<br>
On Thu, Mar 9, 2017 at 9:19 AM, Robert Blust <<a href="mailto:blust@hawaii.edu" target="_blank">blust@hawaii.edu</a>> wrote:<br>
<br>
> Hello,<br>
><br>
> I'm not sure where Bill Davis got the idea that "Malaysian and Indonesian<br>
> have *hilaga". *The normal word for 'north' in Malay/Indonesian is<br>
> *utara*, a Sanskrit loan, and *hilaga* does not appear in any dictionary<br>
> of the language that I have seen. The* hilaga* form appears rather to be<br>
> confined to Tagalog and a small number of languages in the Philippines that<br>
> may have borrowed from it.<br>
><br>
> Best,<br>
><br>
> Bob Blust<br>
><br>
> On Wed, Mar 8, 2017 at 3:22 PM, Bill Davis <<a href="mailto:bill_davis@ntm.org" target="_blank">bill_davis@ntm.org</a>> wrote:<br>
><br>
>> Not sure, but I know that SW Palawano (PLV) has *iraga?* and Malaysian<br>
>> and Indonesian have *hilaga*. I have heard that cardinal directions came<br>
>> into Austronesian from other sources. Before that names of seasonal winds,<br>
>> up/down river, mountainward/seaward, etc., were all.<br>
>><br>
>> -Bill<br>
>><br>
>><br>
>> On Mar 8, 2017, at 5:00 PM, <a href="mailto:an-lang-request@anu.edu.au" target="_blank">an-lang-request@anu.edu.au</a> wrote:<br>
>><br>
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>> Today's Topics:<br>
>><br>
>> 1. Etymology of Tagalog "hilaga" (Christopher Sundita)<br>
>><br>
>><br>
>> ------------------------------<wbr>------------------------------<wbr>----------<br>
>><br>
>> Message: 1<br>
>> Date: Tue, 7 Mar 2017 22:03:24 -0800<br>
>> From: Christopher Sundita <<a href="mailto:cas536@cornell.edu" target="_blank">cas536@cornell.edu</a>><br>
>> To: <<a href="mailto:an-lang@anu.edu.au" target="_blank">an-lang@anu.edu.au</a>><br>
>> Subject: [An-lang] Etymology of Tagalog "hilaga"<br>
>> Message-ID:<br>
>> <CAFOO0beFaKXk0w20GAqJOd+Jrxdm<wbr>WkZRtdMFcdjfi+Chq=<a href="mailto:Lbuw@mail.gmail.com" target="_blank">Lbuw@mail.<wbr>gmail.com</a>><br>
>> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"<br>
>><br>
>> Hello,<br>
>><br>
>> Does anyone happen to have any insight on the etymology of Tagalog<br>
>> *hilaga *'north'?<br>
>> I've consulted the ABVD, ACD, and Wolff (2010), but was not very<br>
>> successful<br>
>> in finding an answer.<br>
>><br>
>> I see that the word for "north" in a number of Philippine are reflexes of<br>
>> PAn *qamiS, though the Tagalog reflex, *amihan*, refers to the north or<br>
>> northeast wind.<br>
>><br>
>> I also see that Antonio Pigafetta noted that the word *iraga *'north<br>
>> wind' in his Malay word list.<br>
>><br>
>> Thanks,<br>
>><br>
>> Chris Sundita<br>
>> <a href="http://conf.ling.cornell.edu/csundita" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://conf.ling.cornell.edu/c<wbr>sundita</a><br>
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--------------------------<br>
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HI<br>
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