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<!--StartFragment--><p class="MsoNormal"><b class="">Obituary : Robert Andrew
Blust</b> (Cincinnati 9 May 1940 – Honolulu 5 January 2022)<o:p class=""></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal">Sander Adelaar writes:</p><p class="MsoNormal">Robert A<span lang="X-NONE" class="">ndrew Blust </span>died on January 5<sup class="">th</sup> in Honolulu at
the age of 81, and with his passing Austronesian historical linguistics lost
the greatest scholar it has ever had<span lang="X-NONE" class="">. </span><o:p class=""></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal">Bob’s first encounter with
Austronesian languages was in the US Army, when he was sent to the <span lang="EN-GB" class="">25th Division Language School</span> in Hawai’i for a six-month Indonesian language course in 1963-64. He
was subsequently <span lang="EN-GB" class="">attached to a U.S. Military Technical
and Advisory Group (MILTAG), Jakarta, Indonesia</span> for a short period in 1964. <span lang="EN-GB" class="">He taught
Indonesian in the 25th Division Language School from September 1964 until the
end of 1965.</span><o:p class=""></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal">Bob then did undergraduate studies
in Anthropology followed by graduate studies in Linguistics at the University
of Hawai’i. After finishing his PhD in 1974, he had a. Postdoctoral Fellowship at
the Australian National University in Canberra. He subsequently moved to Leiden
University (Netherlands), where he stayed from 1976 to 1984, first as an
Assistant Professor and then as an Associate Professor. His final academic
home, where he spent the last 37 years of his career (1984-2022), was back at the
Department of Linguistics of the University of Hawai’i, initially as Associate
Professor, and from 1987 onwards, as Full Professor.<o:p class=""></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal">Bob’s career spans more than half a
century. His first article, ‘Some new Proto-Oceanic trisyllables’, was
published in 1969<span lang="X-NONE" class="">.</span><span lang="X-NONE" class=""> </span>His three final works are still in press as I write. His contributions
to the field of Austronesian linguistics were enormous, in terms of the amount,
range and quality of his publications. It is no overstatement to say that in
that period he singlehandedly fast-forwarded the development of Austronesian
historical linguistics by another half a century. He established and fine-tuned
a genealogical subgrouping of the entire family, reconstructed extensive
lexicons of several high-order proto-languages, and reconstructed elements of the
social organisation and material culture of speakers of Proto Malayo-Polynesian<span lang="X-NONE" class="">. He also </span>did substantial lexicographical and descriptive
linguistic work<span lang="X-NONE" class="">. </span><span lang="X-NONE" class=""> </span><o:p class=""></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="X-NONE" class="">Bob </span>(co-)edited four <span lang="X-NONE" class="">volumes</span> and (co-)authored <span lang="X-NONE" class="">10 books, </span>210<span lang="X-NONE" class=""> journal articles</span><span lang="X-NONE" class=""> </span><span lang="X-NONE" class="">and book
chapter</span>s, 31 reviews, 2
review articles, and 20 <span lang="X-NONE" class="">other
publications (reviews, obituaries,</span><span lang="X-NONE" class=""> </span><span lang="EN-GB" class="">position statements, forewords, a personal
reminiscence)</span><span lang="EN-GB" class=""> </span>and a massive online comparative Austronesian
dictionary. He also contributed substantially to the <span lang="EN-GB" class="">Austronesian
Basic Vocabulary Database (ABVD) at the Max Planck Institute for the Science of
Human History in Jena. </span>In the last
twenty years alone, he produced the following eight major works and a huge database<span lang="X-NONE" class="">:</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>1.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";" class="">
</span><!--[endif]--><i class=""><span lang="EN-GB" class="">A short morphology, phonology and vocabulary of Kiput, Sarawak</span></i><span lang="X-NONE" class="">. </span><span lang="EN-GB" class="">Canberra:
Pacific Linguistics (PL 546), 2003;</span><o:p class=""></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>2.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";" class="">
</span><!--[endif]--><i class=""><span lang="EN-GB" class="">Thao dictionary</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" class="">. (1,106 pages). Taipei: Academia Sinica, 2003.</span><o:p class=""></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>3.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";" class="">
</span><!--[endif]--><span lang="X-NONE" class="">a
seminal </span>introduction to <i class="">Austronesian
linguistics</i> (887 pages)<span lang="X-NONE" class="">. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, </span>2009; revised edition Canberra: Asia-Pacific Linguistics, 2013); <span lang="EN-GB" class="">Pacific Linguistics</span><span lang="X-NONE" class="">. Berlin: de Gruyter Mouton; </span><span lang="EN-GB" class="">in press;</span><o:p class=""></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>4.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";" class="">
</span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" class="">Eight languages of the
Admiralty islands, Papua New Guinea<i class=""> </i>(639 pages), <i class="">Language and
Linguistics in Melanesia</i> special issue 2021</span><span lang="EN-GB" class=""> </span>(Online:
<span lang="EN-GB" class=""><a href="https://langlxmelanesia.com/llm-special-issue-2021" class="">https://langlxmelanesia.com/llm-special-issue-2021</a>)</span>;<o:p class=""></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>5.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";" class="">
</span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" class="">(With the assistance of
Hsiu-chuan Liao) <i class="">101</i> <i class="">problems and
solutions in historical linguistics: a workbook</i>. (512 pages). Edinburgh:
Edinburgh University Press; 2018</span><span lang="X-NONE" class="">;</span><o:p class=""></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>6.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";" class="">
</span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" class="">(With Alexander D. Smith). <i class="">A bibliography of the languages of Borneo
(and Madagascar) </i>(218
pages). Borneo Research Council Reference Series No. 2. Philipps, Maine: Borneo
Research Council, Inc. 2014<a name="_Hlk85285060" class="">; </a></span><o:p class=""></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>7.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";" class="">
</span><!--[endif]-->(With
Stephen Trussel). A heavily annotated “Austronesian Comparative Dictionary”
containing nearly 9000 single-spaced lines <a name="OLE_LINK1" class=""></a><a name="OLE_LINK2" class="">(Online: </a><a href="http://www.trussel2.com/ACD" class=""><span lang="EN-GB" class="">www.trussel2.com/ACD</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span lang="EN-GB" class=""> and <a href="https://acd.clld.org/" class="">https://acd.clld.org/</a></span></span>);<o:p class=""></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>8.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";" class="">
</span><!--[endif]--><i class="">A <span lang="EN-GB" class="">dictionary of Austronesian monosyllabic roots (submorphemes)</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" class="">. </span><span lang="FR" class="">(269 pages)</span><span lang="X-NONE" class="">. Pacific Linguistics Series. Berlin: de Gruyter Mouton. In press;</span><o:p class=""></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>9.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";" class="">
</span><!--[endif]--><i class=""><span lang="EN-GB" class="">The dragon and the rainbow: Man’s oldest story</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" class="">. Ms., 270pp. </span><span lang="EN-GB" class="">Baden-Baden: <i class="">Studia Instituti Anthropos</i>, In press. </span><o:p class=""></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" class="">Bob’s main contributions to </span>Austronesian linguistics were perhaps in the
areas of language classification and phonological and lexical reconstruction,
but it is hard to think of any aspect of this research field where he has not
left a distinct mark. Among others, he made the case for comprehensive classifications
of the indigenous languages of northern Borneo, the Philippines, and Taiwan. In
case of the Formosan languages, he argued on several occasions that they
belonged to separate primary branches of Austronesian and that none of them had
a closer genetic affiliation with Philippine languages, which belong in the Malayo-Polynesian
language branch. He also pointed out that the Sama-Bajau languages were
directly related to the Barito languages in Borneo, and he was the first to give
solid evidence for a Malayo-Chamic subgroup.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="text-indent: 36pt;" class="">He furthermore defined some major subgroups (Central Malayo-Polynesian, Central-East-Malayo-Polynesian,
Greater North Borneo, Western Indonesian) and reinforced or fine-tuned other
ones. He “started” the online </span><i style="text-indent: 36pt;" class="">Austronesian Comparative Dictionary</i><span style="text-indent: 36pt;" class="">, which
has become an indispensable tool for many scholars, used on a daily basis. He reconstructed
taxonomic systems including PAn and PMP personal pronouns, and PMP kinship
terminology. Other aspects of Austronesian culture history that he investigated
include the house, social organisation (authority, kinship), ironworking, and the
linguistic relevance of the Wallace Line.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:36.0pt"><o:p class=""></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal">He was also fascinated
by the phonology and phonesthetic structure of Austronesian languages, both
individually (e.g. Rejang, Chamorro, Soboyo, Thao...) and as a group (e.g. the
phonologies of north Bornean languages, nasality in Borneo, etc.). He wrote two
books on the phonesthetic implications of final syllables (1988 and in press). Many
other works could be added to this list, which is by no means exhaustive.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><a href="applewebdata://509EF5CB-57DE-4F5E-92AE-11EFE6D8ACB1#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title="" class=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
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mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-AU;mso-fareast-language:
EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" class="">[1]</span></span></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="text-indent: 36pt;" class="">Bob was very generous in sharing his vast knowledge, and he was always prepared
to help those who asked for his advice, including students, whom he treated in
an egalitarian spirit</span><span lang="X-NONE" style="text-indent: 36pt;" class="">.
He was</span><span style="text-indent: 36pt;" class=""> also a great friend who
liked </span><span style="text-indent: 36pt;" class="">company</span><span lang="X-NONE" style="text-indent: 36pt;" class="">.</span><span lang="X-NONE" style="text-indent: 36pt;" class=""> </span><span style="text-indent: 36pt;" class="">He was a
prolific letter writer. During </span><span style="text-indent: 36pt;" class="">his
Leiden years I had the privilege to have him as my main PhD supervisor,
although this was not his official capacity because at Dutch universities only
full professors were entitled to take on supervision at the time.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="text-indent: 36pt;" class="">He was an amazing teacher, as I discovered when</span><span lang="X-NONE" style="text-indent: 36pt;" class=""> I sat in to his classes during my PhD years in
the late 70s</span><span style="text-indent: 36pt;" class="">. He was able to </span><span lang="X-NONE" style="text-indent: 36pt;" class="">combin</span><span style="text-indent: 36pt;" class="">e</span><span lang="X-NONE" style="text-indent: 36pt;" class=""> transparency with thoroughness in a way I was not used </span><span style="text-indent: 36pt;" class="">to in other classes</span><span lang="X-NONE" style="text-indent: 36pt;" class="">. Some of these classes were</span><span style="text-indent: 36pt;" class=""> conducted</span><span lang="X-NONE" style="text-indent: 36pt;" class=""> in Indonesian, as the other students were from
various Indonesian universities and had come to Leiden University to
participate in an upgrading programme in historical linguistics. Bob spoke </span><span style="text-indent: 36pt;" class="">Indonesian</span><span lang="X-NONE" style="text-indent: 36pt;" class=""> very well, which surprised me at the time
because I had not </span><span style="text-indent: 36pt;" class="">had other
opportunities to </span><span lang="X-NONE" style="text-indent: 36pt;" class="">hear
him use the language.</span><span style="text-indent: 36pt;" class=""> Bob also
taught extensively during his years at Hawai’i</span><a href="applewebdata://509EF5CB-57DE-4F5E-92AE-11EFE6D8ACB1#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title="" style="text-indent: 36pt;" class=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-AU;mso-fareast-language:
EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" class="">[2]</span></span></span></a><span style="text-indent: 36pt;" class="">,
and he did so until 2020, </span><span style="text-indent: 36pt;" class=""> </span><span style="text-indent: 36pt;" class="">almost the very
end of his life. He also supervised ten students (between 2008 and 2021).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:36.0pt"><o:p class=""></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal">Bob was not always easy to get along
with. He was often uncompromising in his opinions and could even be insensitive
in defending them<span lang="X-NONE" class="">,
which occasionally led to </span>cross moments
with other scholars. It perhaps helps to know that while he was one of the most
brilliant linguists of our age, he also lived in a world he was not always able
to understand. This often prevented him from being happy. For those who were
acquainted with this side of him, it was much easier to accept him as he was,
and to see the uniquely good aspects of his nature. The last thirteen years
were particularly difficult for him as he suffered from Hodgkin’s Disease. Nevertheless,
he managed to work till the last days of his life, and to publish at the same
pace and with the same level of excellence as he had maintained throughout his
career. We will miss him, and hope that he will find the peace he deserves.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="text-indent: 36pt;" class="">Bob leaves behind two daughters, Lani and Karen, by his first wife,
Elaine Holder, and a third, Jasmine, by his second wife, Laura Chang.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b class="">References</b><o:p class=""></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal">Adelaar, Alexander;
Andrew Pawley. 2009. <i class="">Austronesian historical linguistics and culture history. A festschrift for Robert Blust</i>.
Canberra: Pacific Linguistics (PL 601).<o:p class=""></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal">Lobel, Jason; Zorc,
David. In press. Obituary: Robert A. Blust (to appear in <i class="">Oceanic Linguistics</i>).<o:p class=""></o:p></p>
<div class=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><br clear="all" class="">
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" class="">
<!--[endif]-->
<div id="ftn1" class=""><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="applewebdata://509EF5CB-57DE-4F5E-92AE-11EFE6D8ACB1#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title="" class=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" class=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:
Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" class="">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" class=""> </span>More comprehensive
information about Bob’s life and work until 2008 can be found in Chapter 1 in Adelaar
and Pawley (2009:23-35), and for more recent years, in Lobel and Zorc (in press).<o:p class=""></o:p></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" class=""><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="applewebdata://509EF5CB-57DE-4F5E-92AE-11EFE6D8ACB1#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title="" class=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" class=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:
Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" class="">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" class=""> For </span>a full account,
see the obituary in <i class="">Oceanic Linguistics</i>
by Lobel and Zorc (2022).<o:p class=""></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
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