From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Dec  1 15:58:49 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 1 Dec 1999 08:58:49 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:Dialect Recognition Needed
Message-ID: <WED.1.DEC.1999.085849.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 01 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Dialect Recognition Needed

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 01 Dec 1999
From: moderator
Subject: Dialect Recognition Needed

There is a short term consulting job in the York County, PA area that
requires a dialect expert, or just someone (probably but not necessarily a
native speaker of Moroccan or Algerian Arabic) who could listen to a
speaker and identify approximately where he is from (hopefully at least
distinguishing Morocco or Algeria).  If you think you can do this, let me
know at the address below and I'll send you the details.
Dil
dil at byu.edu

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 01 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Dec  1 19:55:45 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 1 Dec 1999 12:55:45 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:NACAL correction
Message-ID: <WED.1.DEC.1999.125545.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 01 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: NACAL correction

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 01 Dec 1999
From: Laurence Horn <laurence.horn at yale.edu>
Subject: NACAL correction

For those responding by e-mail to the call for papers and registration
information for the NACAL 28 (2000) meeting in Portland, please send your
e-mail information to the organizer Geoff Graham at the address

geoffrey.graham at yale.edu

and not to me.  I was just posting the message for Geoff.  Thank you for
your consideration.

Larry Horn

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 01 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Dec  1 21:43:35 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 1 Dec 1999 14:43:35 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:Compounding Query
Message-ID: <WED.1.DEC.1999.144335.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 01 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Compounding Query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 01 Dec 1999
From: layla meziane <laylameziane at hotmail.com>
Subject: Compounding Query

My name is Layla Meziane, and I am working on compounding in Arabic for my
Master thesis.I would like to ask you if you know any references related to
that topic. I would appreciate any recommendations of articles, books, or
people working on this issue that would enable me to deepen my understanding
of compounding in Arabic.

Thank on advance for your time and effort,
Layla Meziane

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 01 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Dec  1 23:27:13 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 1 Dec 1999 16:27:13 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:9afaq response
Message-ID: <WED.1.DEC.1999.162713.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 01 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: 9afaq response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 01 Dec 1999
From: Nidaa Abou Mrad <nidaaamr at dm.net.lb>  by way of Frederic Lagrange
<fredlag at worldnet.fr>
Subject: 9afaq response

[in french]
'Afqa est un terme usuel qui peut prendre plusieurs significations,
notamment: brève émission d'une note aigüe dans un dessin mélodique
rapproché, souvent à la tierce ou à la quarte, presque une sorte de
trille écourté à la tierce ou à la quarte. Je pense que le fragment de
texte évoqué ici suppose que la note buzurk (mi) est obtenue par une
apposition rapide du second doigt en alternance avec la corde à vide
(mutlaq kardân (do)).

	Amicalement.
	Nidaa Abou Mrad

[This is slightly too technical for me to translate into English. If
someone can do the job, I'll be more than glad to post the translation.
Fred]

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 01 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Dec  6 16:03:27 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 6 Dec 1999 09:03:27 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:Proverb query
Message-ID: <MON.6.DEC.1999.090327.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 06 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Proverb query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 06 Dec 1999
From: moderator <dil at byu.edu>
Subject: Proverb query

[I received this from a friend.  You may respond directly to me if you
like.--Dil]

Quite a while ago, I heard what was supposed to be an Arab proverb, that
goes something like "When you point at someone, there are three fingers
pointing back at you".  Do you know if this is an Arab proverb?  If so, do
you know how it is usually expressed in Arabic?  Do you know what country
it is associated with?  How would you characterize the point of this
proverb?


--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 06 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Dec  6 16:00:53 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 6 Dec 1999 09:00:53 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:Linguasphere announcement
Message-ID: <MON.6.DEC.1999.090053.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 06 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Linguasphere announcement

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 06 Dec 1999
From: webmaster <webmaster at linguasphere.org>
Subject: Linguasphere announcement

The Linguasphere Observatory is a research network devoted to the
classification of the world&rsqu;0s languages and dialects, the study and
promotion of multilingualism and the exploration of our global linguistic
environment. The Linguasphere website
(<http://www.linguasphere.org>www.linguasphere.org ) currently contains
extracts from the forthcoming Linguasphere Register of the World's
Languages and Speech Communities, including
the the SEMITIC languages spoken in NORTH AFRICA and WESTERN ASIA.
 
The observatory would be very grateful to receive comments from linguists
on these extracts, which can be  viewed and downloaded (together with an
explanation of the methodology used entitled Guide to Extracts) - by
selecting the Download Extracts button on the homepage.  Any scientific
support  will of course be fully acknowledged.
 
David Dalby
Director - Linguasphere Observatory
<mailto:e-mail:dalby at linguasphere.org>e-mail:research at linguasphere.org
<http://www.linguasphere.org>http://www.linguasphere.org

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 06 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Dec  6 15:58:49 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 6 Dec 1999 08:58:49 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:Compounding counterquery
Message-ID: <MON.6.DEC.1999.085849.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 06 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Compounding counterquery

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 06 Dec 1999
From: Waheed Samy <wasamy at umich.edu>
Subject: Compounding counterquery

s'cuse me... , but what means compounding?
Waheed

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 06 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Dec  6 15:59:52 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 6 Dec 1999 08:59:52 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:Cairene Coll response
Message-ID: <MON.6.DEC.1999.085952.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 06 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Cairene Coll response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 06 Dec 1999
From: Wim Raven <Raven at em.uni-frankfurt.de>
Subject: Cairene Coll response

An excellent textbook which I used is:
Manfred Woidich, Ahlan wa-sahlan. Eine Einfuehrung in die Kairoer
Umgangssprache, Wiesbaden 1990-1991.
It is in German. In my view it would be worth to be translated into English.

Dr. Wim Raven, Orientalisches Seminar, University of Frankfurt, Germany

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 06 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Dec  6 15:58:06 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 6 Dec 1999 08:58:06 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:translation of 9afaq response
Message-ID: <MON.6.DEC.1999.085806.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 06 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: translation of 9afaq response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 06 Dec 1999
From: Charles McNulty <charliem at club-internet.fr>
Subject: translation of 9afaq response

'Afqa is a common term which can have several meanings, notably: the brief
emission of a sharp note in a close melodic sketch, often in thirds or
fourths, almost a short trill in thirds or fourths.  I think that the text
evoked here supposes that the note buzurk (mi) is obtained by a rapid
alternation of the second finger with the open string.(do)


(this is my translation of what Nidaa gave as his translation of this
musical term.  I'll only add that I love his compositions and playing. I
hope this is useful.) charles mcnulty

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 06 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Dec  6 15:56:51 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 6 Dec 1999 08:56:51 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:etmak3aS query
Message-ID: <MON.6.DEC.1999.085651.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 06 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: etmak3aS query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 06 Dec 1999
From: Fred <fredlag at worldnet.fr>
Subject: etmak3aS query

A friend of mine has come accross the following root in "siirat Baybars" :

m/k/3/S

3 = 3ayn
S = Saad

in the following sentence

"delwa'ti tmak3aSna, yeToqq el-qaadi b-3eeno"
pronounced by a Syrian character who pretends to be speaking Egyptian

She has looked up for the root in
Bartholomy/Hinds-Badawy/Denizot/Wehr/Lisaan al-3arab
but without any result.

does anybody have any clue?

Frederic Lagrange, Paris IV.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 06 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Dec  6 15:55:48 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 6 Dec 1999 08:55:48 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:Classical Dictionary Query
Message-ID: <MON.6.DEC.1999.085548.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 06 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Classical Dictionary Query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 06 Dec 1999
From:  John Leake <J.E.S.Leake at durham.ac.uk>
Subject: Classical Dictionary Query

Dear udaba',

I hate to ask what seems to be a basic question, but does anyone have
any suggestions for a student-priced classical Arabic to English
dictionary?  Lane is too expensive and too large.  Is there a more
reasonably priced dictionary of the classical language (not Wehr, which
is MSA)?

Thanks

John

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 06 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Dec  8 19:51:07 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 8 Dec 1999 12:51:07 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:Arabic Computer braille query
Message-ID: <WED.8.DEC.1999.125107.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 08 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Arabic Computer braille query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 08 Dec 1999
From: Arno Vonk <AVonk at alva-bv.nl>
Subject: Arabic Computer braille query

I am conducting a study into the possibilities of using software and
hardware used by blind and visually impaired people to work with computers
in the Windows environment. Using what is known as braille displays and
screenreader software blind and visually impaired people can have access to
all the information available through IT. My querry for the list is does
anybody have any experience with Arabic computer braille and Arabic speech
synthesis? There is very little information available on this so I am
hoping that somebody somewhere knows the right place to look or the right
person to contact. Thanks all for your help.

Kind regards

Dr. Arno Vonk
The Netherlands

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 08 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Dec  8 19:56:51 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 8 Dec 1999 12:56:51 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:Classical Dictionary Responses
Message-ID: <WED.8.DEC.1999.125651.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 08 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Classical Dictionary Response
2) Subject: Classical Dictionary Response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 08 Dec 1999
From: Michael Fishbein <FISHBEIN at HUMnet.UCLA.EDU>
Subject: Classical Dictionary Response

I find J. G. Hava, "Al-Fara'id Arabic-English Dictionary," (5th ed. Beirut:
Dar el-
Mashreq, ISBN 2-7214-2144-1) reasonably priced and useful for the classical
vocabulary. Its disadvantages are that it includes almost no context for the
different meanings of a word and follows a layout confusing for students
used to
Wehr.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date: 08 Dec 1999
From: Asma Afsaruddin <aafsarud at nd.edu>
Subject: Classical Dictionary Response

I would recommend Steingass' Arabic-English dictionary.  It's adequate for
beginning to intermediate level students and probably not priced much above
sixty dollars.  Be warned that he lists Arabic words alphabetically rather
than strictly according to root but still, once you've adjusted to this
idiosyncracy, it is easy to use.
Asma Afsaruddin
Assistant Professor
Arabic and Islamic Studies
University of Notre Dame

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 08 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Dec  8 19:52:15 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 8 Dec 1999 12:52:15 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LIT:Arab Women Authors query
Message-ID: <WED.8.DEC.1999.125215.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 08 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Arab Women Authors query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 08 Dec 1999
From: Michael Akard <michael_akard at hotmail.com>
Subject: Arab Women Authors query

Greetings from Abu Dhabi!

I'm looking for novels (in translation) by Arab women authors.
Also, I'm looking for documentation regarding traditional music of Arabian
Gulf women.

I'd appreciate any suggestions or guidance. If this query seems
extra-topical, feel free to reply off-list.

Sincerely,
Michael Akard
Military Language Institute
m.akard at mli.ac.ae

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 08 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Dec  8 20:01:31 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 8 Dec 1999 13:01:31 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:Proverb Responses
Message-ID: <WED.8.DEC.1999.130131.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 08 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Proverb Response
2) Subject: Proverb Response
3) Subject: Proverb Response
4) Subject: Proverb Response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 08 Dec 1999
From: Jackie Murgida <jmurg at star.net>
Subject: Proverb Response

I heard this in English before I ever studied Arabic or knew any Arabs:
"When you point at someone you're pointing three fingers at yourself."

HTH
Jackie

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date: 08 Dec 1999
From: Mark Van Mol <Mark.VanMol at ilt.kuleuven.ac.be>
Subject: Proverb Response

About the proverb query.  I heard from Moroccans.  It means that when a
person is telling bad things of another person, he in fact is pointing at
himself telling that he himself is three times worse on that specific
point.  It is a way to discourage people to talk bad about other people and
to comfort people who claim that something bad is told about them.  It is
more a saying than a proverb.  I do not remember anymore the exact way in
which it was told.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
3)
Date: 08 Dec 1999
From: Bethany Zaborowski <zaborowb at gusun.georgetown.edu>
Subject: Proverb Response

Regarding this query, I heard this proverb as a child in Sunday school,
and never heard of it in relation to Arabic.  This is not to say there is
not an Arabic proverb too, but I definitely heard it many years before I
started my Arabic studies!
B. Zaborowski

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
4)
Date: 08 Dec 1999
From: armtc <armtc at casema.net>
Subject: Proverb Response

I know the proverb from my own language, i.e. Dutch. (However, I must admit
that I could not find it in any dictionary so far.) I use the expression
when I try to make clear that it makes no sense accusing someone, because
the accusation always refers (in a way) to yourself as well. Furthermore,
pointing fingers at someone is very impolite.

Best regards,

Matanja Bauer

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 08 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Dec  8 19:54:08 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 8 Dec 1999 12:54:08 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:Compounding response
Message-ID: <WED.8.DEC.1999.125408.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 08 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Compounding response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 08 Dec 1999
From: Michael Fishbein <FISHBEIN at HUMnet.UCLA.EDU>
Subject: Compounding response

Regarding compounding, Arabic, like the other Semitic languages, usually is
not
considered to have a process common to many of the Indoeuropean languages, and
especially common in the Sanskrit, Greek, and Germanic families of that group,
whereby the uninflected stems of nouns/adjectives can be concatenated, the
resulting
compound being treated as a single noun, with a variety of logical
relationships
possible between the elements of the compound and capable of receiving
grammatic
inflexion and suffixes that affect the compound as a whole, not just its
final term.
In classical Arabic, the only syntactical relationship that can cement two
nouns
into a whole is the genitival relationship of the construct phrase (idafa).

This said, several interesting exceptions should be noted. First, Semitic
seems to
have had some means of forming compounds analogous to Indoeuropean. The
Semitic
numbers 11-19 seem to be what Indoeuropeanists call dvandva compounds:
Arabic 'aHada
'ashara means one-and-ten. Also layla-nahAra means day-and-night. The nouns
in these
examples end in an invariable -a, which may not be an accusative ending at
all, but
something related to the Akkadian absolutive. These are true compounds and
were
called murakkabAt in Classical Arabic grammar. The process of forming such
compounds
does not seem to be productive in later Arabic.

The formation of nisba adjectives sometimes involves processes like
compounding. For
instance, from the normally formed construct phrase ra'su mAlin, capital,
one can
form the nisba adjective ra's(a)-mAliyy- (Wehr gives no vowel between the
'/s/m).
This adjective does not mean "head of a financial [thing, person]," as the
normal
rules of Arabic grammar would demand, but "pertaining to ra'su mAlin,"
capitalist(ic). In other words, the nisba suffix is attached to the two
words as if
they were a compound. This is discussed in Wright I, 161C, and attributed
mostly to
later stages of the language.

By extension, one might allow the formation of nisba adjectives from
prepositional
phrases, such as taHta-al-shu'Uri (the subconscious), yielding
"taHt(a)-shu'Uriyy-
(subconscious). I wonder whether the official guardians of Arabic grammar
recognize
such compounds as legitimate.

Another interesting example of what might be called compounding involves
the use of
noun adjective phrases as headwords of idafa. Take for example the concept of
secretary general. One says al-'amIn al-'Amm (noun adjective phrase), but
one can
treat the two words (without the definite article) as a single compound
substantive
that can itself govern a genitive: amin(u?)-'Amm(u?) al-umam(i)
al-muttaHida(ti),
rather than the grammatically expected aminu al-umami al-muttaHidati al-'Ammu.
Again, one wonders whether the official guardians of Arabic grammar seen
this as
legitimate or reject it as a corruption of Arabic syntax under the
influence of
Persian, Turkish, and Western languages.

I hope I have indicated a few areas in which a process like compounding may
be said
to exist in Arabic. Can anyone out there spot other examples?

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 08 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Tue Dec 14 18:01:08 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Tue, 14 Dec 1999 11:01:08 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:Arabic Braille Response
Message-ID: <TUE.14.DEC.1999.110108.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Tue 14 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Arabic Braille Response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 14 Dec 1999
From:  GnhBos at aol.com
Subject: Arabic Braille Response

Duxbury Systems, Inc. makes software for braille translation
(conversion between print and braille) and word-processing.
The Duxbury Braille Translator (DBT) can be used for many
languages and technical specialty codes, including English,
French, Spanish, Portuguese, Swahili, Arabic among others.

http://www.duxburysystems.com

Happy Holidays,

George N. Hallak

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 14 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Tue Dec 14 18:07:00 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Tue, 14 Dec 1999 11:07:00 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LIT:James Madison and UofUtah Jobs
Message-ID: <TUE.14.DEC.1999.110700.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Tue 14 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: James Madison and UofUtah Jobs

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 14 Dec 1999
From: moderator
Subject: James Madison and UofUtah Jobs

The James Madison and UofUtah job announcements posted on Arabic-info came
with a copyright statement warning against reposting.  Although I find this
to be somewhat ridiculous (why would someone want to copyright a job
announcement?), I won't repost but simply say that the James Madison job is
for Arabic Literature, tenure track, deadline is Dec 15, contact Chair of
the World Literature Search Committee, James Madison University, English
Department, MSC 1801, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807
and the UofUtah job is for Arabic language and literature, non-tenure
track, by Dec 15th, contact Director, Middle East Center, University of
Utah, 260 South Central Campus Dr., Room 153, Salt Lake City, Utah
84112-9157

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 14 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Tue Dec 14 18:08:00 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Tue, 14 Dec 1999 11:08:00 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:Compounding response
Message-ID: <TUE.14.DEC.1999.110800.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Tue 14 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Compounding response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 14 Dec 1999
From: Martine Haak <haakmart at dds.nl>
Subject: Compounding response

Some names of plants and flowers appear to be examples of "real"
compounding, such as   'jullanaar' = pome granate blossom, 'Habbhaan' =
cardamom and 'HaSaalubaan' = rosemary.

Wehr's dictionary also mentions quite a few compounds with 'xaana' or
'daar' as the second part of the compound, or 'baash' as the first. These
seem to be comparable with words with a prefix such as 'laa' in
'laa-jinsiiya' = statelessness and 'al-laa-shu9uur' = the unconscious, etc.

Examples are:

 'antiikxaana' = museum, 'raSdaxaana' = observatory, 'daftarxaana' =
archives, public records office, 'tarsxaana', also occurring as 'tarsaana'
= arsenal; shipyard, dockyard, 'jabxaana, jabaxaana' = powder magazine;
ammunition; artillery depot, and 'salxaana' = slaughterhouse, abattoir with
-xaana

'silaaHdaar' = sword-bearer, shiled-bearer, squire, 'xazandaar, xaznadaar'
= treasurer, 'sirdaar' = general, and 'Tabardaar' = sapper, pioneer with -daar

'baashHakiim' = physician-in-chief, 'baashkaatib' = chief clerk,
'baashmufattish' = chief inspector, and 'baashmuhandis' = chief engineer

There are of course many words which are semantically compounded though not
 morphologically, especially in botanical and zoological  names such as for
instance 'burghuut al-baHr' = shrimp.

In loanwords we find complete compounds taken over, as in 'banknoot' =
banknote, or even taken over as compound where they were separate words in
the original language, as in 'roobabeekiyaa' = junk (from the Italian 'roba
vecchia').

It seems safe to state that compounding is an extremely rare phenomenon in
written Arabic, and that only very few compounds fought their way into
Wehr's dictionary, often originating from loanwords or dialectisms. A nice
dialectal compound which is mentioned in Wehr is the Egyptian Arabic
'bulhoon' (pl. 'balaahiin') = sphinx, from 'abuu al-hawl'.

In my view, research concentrating on compounds in Arabic should focus on
(one or more of the) colloquial dialects, which often have combinations of
words with a specific meaning.

Good luck,     Martine
Martine Haak
Diemzigt 7
1111 TW  Diemen
020-6905605
haakmart at dds.nl
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 14 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Tue Dec 14 17:59:04 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Tue, 14 Dec 1999 10:59:04 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:METimes Query
Message-ID: <TUE.14.DEC.1999.105904.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Tue 14 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: METimes Query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 14 Dec 1999
From: Carmen Cross <cross_31 at hotmail.com>
Subject: METimes Query

Dear Colleagues:

I am doing research on TAFL and am looking for an Arabic transliteration
font.  I have heard rave reviews for METimes, designed by Christopher Buck.
I also heard that a version for Windows will be appearing soon.  Would
anyone be able to recommend a place where I may be able to buy this font or
a comparable one for Windows.

Thanks so much for your help,

Carmen

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 14 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Tue Dec 14 17:59:51 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Tue, 14 Dec 1999 10:59:51 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:Dictionary Thanks
Message-ID: <TUE.14.DEC.1999.105951.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Tue 14 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Dictionary Thanks

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 14 Dec 1999
From: John Leake <J.E.S.Leake at durham.ac.uk>
Subject: Dictionary Thanks

Dear all,

Many thanks for the classical dictionary responses!  I'll pick up either
Hava or Steingass when I'm next in London.

John Leake

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 14 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Tue Dec 14 18:33:41 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Tue, 14 Dec 1999 11:33:41 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LNIG:jet lag query
Message-ID: <TUE.14.DEC.1999.113341.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Tue 14 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: jet lag query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 14 Dec 1999
From: "Kaye, Alan" <akaye at Exchange.FULLERTON.EDU>
Subject: jet lag query

zumalaa'i li9zaaz,

How does one translate 'jet lag' in Arabic?

'alf shukr ...

Alan Kaye

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 14 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Tue Dec 14 18:11:59 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Tue, 14 Dec 1999 11:11:59 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:Middlebury Arabic School Announcement
Message-ID: <TUE.14.DEC.1999.111159.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Tue 14 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Middlebury Arabic School Announcement

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 14 Dec 1999
From: www.middlebury.edu/~ls/arabic
Subject: Middlebury Arabic School Announcement

[This is an example of one of those HTML encoded messages that I'm having
trouble with.  I think you get the idea; sorry about the extra characters.
It is possible that part of this message is missing.  If a Middlebury
person could try resending it without the HTML coding, I post it again.
Dil]

ARABIC SCHOOL
Middlebury College
Middlebury, Vermont
Summer 2000
June 9 to August 11
www.middlebury.edu/~ls/arabic

The Arabic School in Middlebury College is now accepting applications
for the summer 2000 intensive program.  Students are placed in various =
levels  based on oral and written oral placement tests in addition to =
transcripts and recommendation letters.  Tuition and fees which include =
room and board are $6,040.   Financial aid is available.  Qualifying =
students are encouraged to apply for financial aid as early as possible.

PROGRAM OF STUDY

The Arabic School offers Elementary, High Elementary, Intermediate, High
Intermediate and Advanced courses in the nine-week summer session.
The curriculum emphasizes reading, listening, speaking, culture and =
writing skills, all of which are practiced daily in and out of class.  =
Students engage in communicative and functional activities, often in =
small groups, that maximize interaction and linguistic accuracy.  =
Reading and listening materials are all authentic. The school has its =
own language lab with a wide selection of audio tapes for work on =
listening skills.  Students have access to the Textbook audio and video =
segments in digitized sound and picture available on line in computer =
labs.  In addition, students are introduced to word processing in =
Arabic.  All Macintosh and PC computers at the Middlebury College =
Computer Center are equipped with Arabic word-processing software and =
with internet and e-mail connections in Arabic.  The Middlebury College =
Star library houses a modest modern and classical Arabic collection =
covering a wide range of academic and non-academic interests, which =
students at all levels may use for outside reading and class projects.  =
Students  can read Al-Ahram and Al-Hayat newspapers which are available =
daily as well as a selection of magazines in the Lobby of Star library =
and the Social Lounge of the Arabic School.  The school also has an =
extensive collection of Arabic music tapes, CDs and films on video =
cassette from many parts of the Arab world. =20

The main focus of the school is the teaching of Modern Standard Arabic. =
At the High Intermediate and Advanced levels, students are exposed to =
Educated Spoken forms of some Arabic dialects.  This addition to the =
school's curriculum has been implemented in response to a growing need =
to bring students' Aural and Oral Proficiency to a level where they can =
comfortably and naturally interact with Arab intellectuals and conduct =
their daily life in the Arab World. =20

The material covered and the level of proficiency achieved in one summer =
at the Middlebury School of Arabic is generally considered equivalent to =
at least one academic year's work at most other institutions.  Student =
progress is evaluated through the administration of written and oral =
proficiency tests at the beginning and end of the session.

FOR MORE INFORMATION OR TO OBTAIN A VIEWBOOK AND APPLICATION FORMS, =
PLEASE CONTACT THE MIDDLEBURY LANGUAGE SCHOOLS AT (802)443-5510 OR SEND =
E-MAIL TO
languages at middlebury.edu OR CHECK OUT LANGUAGE SCHOOLS INTERNET WEBSITE =
AT www.middlebury.edu/~ls/arabic

Nabil Abdelfattah, Director
Arabic School=20
Middlebury College, Vermont

Tel:    (616) 387-2933
nabil.abdelfattah at wmich.edu

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 14 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Tue Dec 14 18:12:44 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Tue, 14 Dec 1999 11:12:44 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:COLTIA Announcement (study abroad opportunity)
Message-ID: <TUE.14.DEC.1999.111244.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Tue 14 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: COLTIA Announcement (study abroad opportunity)

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 14 Dec 1999
From: Kirk Belnap <rkb at email.byu.edu>
Subject: COLTIA Announcement (study abroad opportunity)

The application deadline (December 31) is fast approaching for an excellent
opportunity for funded study abroad in Cairo.  Applicants are not required
to be currently enrolled as students.  If you know of present or former
students who fit the bill (Business, International Law, International
Relations, Development, Economics...), you may want to draw their attention
to this opportunity.

For full details see:

http://www.sais-jhu.edu/languages/coltia/

Basics:

REQUIREMENTS FOR APPLICATION
All COLTIA applicants must:
* Be US citizens or Permanent Residents.
* Possess competence in Arabic equivalent to two years of
study at the college level.
* Apply and be accepted to the CASA Summer-Only Program.
* Have sufficient emotional stability and physical stamina to
allow unreserved participation in intensive language study
followed by an internship in a foreign country.
* Be enrolled in an appropriate degree program (i.e. Business
Management, International Law, International Relations,
Development, Economics) OR have a current position in a
related business or organization.
* Pay a program fee ($750 for participants from COLTIA
Consortium member universities, $1000 for those from non-consortium
institutions). The CASA Summer-Only Program
fee is covered by the fellowship. Program fee must be paid
by May 1.

A limited number of individuals may participate in the
COLTIA program on a Pay-Your-Own-Way basis provided they have
met all of the above requirements. Applicants who are chosen as
alternates are encouraged to seek other funding from private and
public sources and participate on the Pay-Your-Own-Way option.
Other sources of funding may include Fulbright fellowships,
National Security Education Program (NSEP) individual grants,
Rotary International, FLAS, and employer programs. Concurrent
application to IIE in New York is required for a Fulbright award.
Contact IIE at 809 UN Plaza, New York, NY 10017-3580 or phone
(212) 984-5330.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 14 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Tue Dec 14 18:13:27 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Tue, 14 Dec 1999 11:13:27 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:phrase query
Message-ID: <TUE.14.DEC.1999.111327.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Tue 14 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: phrase query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 14 Dec 1999
From: Melissa Barkat <Melissa.Barkat at mrash.fr>
Subject: phrase query

Dear Arabic-Lers',

I can remember someone asked  a few time ago about Max WEINREICH's
reference where this famous phrase can be found... :  " a language is a
dialect with an army and a navy".
Unfortunately, at that time I trusted my memory and now that I need it... I
realize I shouldn't have had !!
Can anyone with a brand new brain refresh my mind ?
Thanks a lot

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 14 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Tue Dec 14 18:38:04 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Tue, 14 Dec 1999 11:38:04 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:Mossoul Dialect Query
Message-ID: <TUE.14.DEC.1999.113804.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Tue 14 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Mossoul Dialect Query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 14 Dec 1999
From: Fred <fredlag at worldnet.fr>
Subject: Mossoul Dialect Query

Dear Colleagues,
has anyone on the list ever come accross a monography on the modern
dialect of Mossoul (al-mawsil), and could anyone confirm that this
dialect features what traditional grammarians (al-Farraa',
al-SuyuuTi) call "wakm", i.e. pronouncing "`alaykim" for "`alaykum"
(or I guess in modern dialect `aleekem") and "bikim".

Thanks,
Frederic Lagrange.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 14 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Thu Dec 16 22:44:13 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Thu, 16 Dec 1999 15:44:13 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:METimes Responses
Message-ID: <THU.16.DEC.1999.154413.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Thu 16 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: METimes Response from the creater of METimes
2) Subject: METimes Response
3) Subject: METimes Response
4) Subject: METimes Response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 16 Dec 1999
From: Christopher Buck <chrisbuck at peaknet.net>
Subject: METimes Response

Dear Dr. Parkinson:

Brent Poirier has informed me of your interest in an academic
transliteration font I developed, New World Transliterator.

METimes was an old Type 3 transliteration font for the Mac. It was very
good. However, as font technology developed, I ran into some problems with
METimes. In 1990, as a graduate student , I tried to convert my
professor's METimes to a Type 1 font, using a new font converter utility
called Evolution. That didn't work, because METimes turned out to be a
"stroked" font, digitally drawn with a number of tangential, intersecting
lines, rather than with bezier curves (used in Type 1 font) or by means of
quadratics (TrueType fonts). I then contacted the programmer of
Evolution--Greg Berry of Image Club Graphics--and it was Berry who
taught me the black art of digital typography.

Since there were no Type 1 or TrueType versions of METimes back in
1990, I decided to develop New World for the Mac. (I was writing my
Master's thesis at that time; necessity was thus the mother of the invention
of New World.) Later, in response to a number of requests by colleagues
using PCs, I created a version for Windows, New World WinMac.

I've had two books published in New World: [1] _Symbol and Secret:
Qur'an Commentary in Baha'u'llah's Kitab-i Iqan_. Studies in the Babi and
Baha'i Religions, vol. 7 (Los Angeles: Kalimat Press, 1995); and [2]
_Paradise and Paradigm: Key Symbols in Persian Christianity and the
Baha'i Faith_ (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1999). The
font has been reviewed twice:

                Brannon Wheeler, Review of New World Transliterator.
                Religious Studies Review 24.4 (Oct. 1998): 385.

                Kevin Reinhart, "New World Transliterator:
                Macintosh Middle Eastern-Language Transliteration Font
                by Christopher Buck."
                Middle East Studies Association Bulletin 27 (1993): 294.

Kazi Books uses New World as a house font. A number of Islamicists have
been using New World for several years now, as have several universities
(Utrecht, Harvard Library, and others that escape my memory right now,
with Dartmouth University soon to be requesting a site license, I'm told).

White Cloud Press has just published Michael Sells' translation of the
early Meccan suras of the Qur'an. This book was typeset in another font I
developed, called Dominion.

Anyway, the news is that I have released New World Transliterator (Mac
version) as a shareware font. It can now be downloaded at the following
URL:

<http://hyperarchive.lcs.mit.edu/HyperArchive/Archive/edu/lang/new-world-tra
nsliterator.hqx

Please share this information with your listserve members, and post on
related Arabic, Turkish, Persian and other academic sites as well. Thank
you, and please copy these postings to me, if you would be so kind!

The Windows version of New World and Dominion for the Mac may be
ordered privately by contacting me at my academic address below.

I will be upgrading New World over the Christmas holidays, as soon as
Kevin Reinhart gives me Apple's specifications for the Turkish keyboard.
This means that I will be remapping certain characters to make the font
even more Turkish-friendly. New World supports Persian (including
Encyclopaedia Iranica's idiosyncratic transliteration convention!), as well
as Syriac, some simple conventions of Hebrew, not to mention Sanskrit,
Pali, Sumerian, and Japanese!

Hope this helps.

Christopher Buck

--
Dr. Christopher Buck
Visiting Assistant Professor of Religious Studies and Theology
Quincy University
1800 College Avenue
Quincy, IL  62301-2699
chrisbuck at peaknet.net
buckch at quincy.edu
drchristopherbuck at usa.net
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date: 16 Dec 1999
From: Brent Poirier <mariposa at roadrunner.com>
Subject: METimes Response

Here is Christopher Buck's contact information:

Dr. Christopher Buck
Visiting Assistant Professor of
Religious Studies and Theology
Quincy University
1800 College Avenue
Quincy, IL  62301-2699
chrisbuck at peaknet.net

Brent Poirier

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
3)
Date: 16 Dec 1999
From: "T.A. MCALLISTER" <ecl6tam at lucs-01.novell.leeds.ac.uk>
Subject: METimes Response

Dear Carmen,

I can't speak for Win 95 or 98, but under NT, the normal version of
Times New Roman, Arial, etc are Unicode fonts, so perhaps no special
font is needed to transliterate Arabic. (At least, they look and behave
like Unicode fonts on my PC ...  :-)

They contains the macronned vowels in their normal Unicode places, in
the "Latin Extended A" positions. Those can be inserted by either
Word For Windows's (97) "Insert ... Symbol ... (normal font)" or with
the Character Map.

There are characters with dots beneath them, under "Latin Extended
Additional", but they are all vowels, so most are no use to you.

However, there are no fewer than 15 consecutive free-standing dots
with no advance-width, i.e. when you insert any one of them the cursor
doesn't move and the dot appears beneath the previous character. They
are at minutely different distances to the left of the cursor, so you can
pick the one that goes exactly under the centre of whichever character
you have just typed. They are in the "Private Use Area" shortly after the
symbols that look like playing-card clubs, diamonds, etc.

There is also a single free-standing dot at Unicode 0323, in "Combining
Diacritical Marks".

It is tedious to insert these characters/diacritics with Character Map or
Insert ... Symbol, so my recommendation is to use the latter, but to
click on the "Shortcut Key" button and to define a shortcut key
mapping for each one that you need. Not all keys can be used for this,
so you'll have to experiment, but it is wise to avoid keys that might be
needed for other things anyway. I use Control plus asterisk, forward-
slash, etc on the Number Pad, so there is no chance of hitting the
chosen keys accidentally.

You can define such shortcuts to be stored either in your
NORMAL.DOT (which makes them available to any Word doc on that
machine) or in whichever file you are typing at the time (which makes
them more portable, but you have to define them again for subsequent
files).

Someone recently showed me a font called Times New Arabic
(filename TRANSLIT0.TTF). I don't want to insult its makers, but it
looks very suspicious to me. The dots and macrons are placed in the 7-
bit ASCII range, which is something that Monotype very rarely does. It
contains the statement that it is copyright Monotype (which of course
Times New Roman is), but the font appeared to have been made with
Fontographer version 3.5. That is a fine program for individual font-
makers such as me, but I rather suspect that Monotype use more
sophisticated proprietary software. In other words, I suspect that this
font might be an illegal rip-off of TNR. I have queried this with
Monotype but have not yet received a reply. It might be wise to avoid
this font until the matter is cleared up. If anyone can give reliable
information about Times New Arabic, I would be very grateful.

Of course, if all else fails, you can download the Translit font from my
WWW page (URL below). That font is completely non-standard, ugly,
clumsy, amateurish and altogether horrible. In fact, its only discernable
virtue is that it is free of charge for academic use ...  :-)
I welcome suggestions about improving it.

All the best.

Alec.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
4)
Date: 16 Dec 1999
From: Srpko Lestaric <srpkole at EUnet.yu>
Subject: METimes Response

Hi Carmen,
If you would mind for (Z)DMG system of transliteration (the very best one in
my opinion), visit http://accurapid.com/journal/ ; after that go to
/11plea.htm. There you can download a font of TmsRoman family, easy to use,
with a short manual, free of charge. It is for MS Windows/MS Word.
Srpko

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 16 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Thu Dec 16 22:46:41 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Thu, 16 Dec 1999 15:46:41 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:Moussoul Dialect Responses
Message-ID: <THU.16.DEC.1999.154641.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Thu 16 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Moussoul Dialect Responses
2) Subject: Moussoul Dialect Responses
3) Subject: Moussoul Dialect Responses

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 16 Dec 1999
From: Srpko Lestaric <srpkole at EUnet.yu>
Subject: Moussoul Dialect Responses

To Frederic Lagrange:

Perhaps try these:
- Jastrow, Otto: Die mesopotamisch-arabischen qeltu-Dialekt, 1, Phonologie
und Morphologie, Wiesbaden 1978
- Jastrow, Otto: Die mesopotamisch-arabischen qeltu-Dialekt, 2, volks
kundliche Texte in elf Dialekten, Wiesbaden 1981
- Al-Bakri, Hazim: diraasaat fii al-3aammiyya al-mauSiliyya wa
muqaaranatuhaa ma3a al-alfaaZ al-3aammiyya fii al-aqaaliim al-3arabiyya,
523p., maTba3at asad, Baghdad, 1972.
- Al-Chalabi, Dawud: kalimaat faarisiyya musta3mala fii 3aammiyyat
al-mauSil, maTba3at al-3aanii, Baghdad, 1960.

Srpko Lestaric

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date: 16 Dec 1999
From: Stefan Reichmuth <stefan.reichmuth at ruhr-uni-bochum.de>
Subject: Moussoul Dialect Responses

There is an article by Otto Jastrow in one of the earlier issues of
<Zeitschrift fuer Arabische Linguistik (ZAL), in the eighties, about Mossul
Christian Arabic. Just check. Stefan Reichmuth

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
3)
Date: 16 Dec 1999
From: Andrew Freeman <andyf at umich.edu>
Subject: Moussoul Dialect Responses

Jeez ---- I thought they spoke Kurdish in Mosul.
Shows you how little I know.

Andy
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 16 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Thu Dec 16 22:51:45 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Thu, 16 Dec 1999 15:51:45 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:NCOLCTL Call
Message-ID: <THU.16.DEC.1999.155145.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Thu 16 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: NCOLCTL Call

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 16 Dec 1999
From: Scott McGinnis <smcginnis at nflc.org>
Subject: NCOLCTL Call


The deadline for proposals for poster sessions at The Third Annual
Conference of the National Council of Organizations of Less Commonly Taught
Languages (NCOLCTL) has been extended to JANUARY 31, 2000. Guidelines
regarding proposal submission may still be found at the website of:

www.councilnet.org/pages/CNet_Announcements.html#NCOLCTL3

If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me at the address
below.


Scott McGinnis
Executive Director
National Council of Organizations of Less Commonly Taught Languages

Senior Associate for Projects
National Foreign Language Center
1619 Massachusetts Avenue NW, #400
Washington, DC  20036

voice: 202-667-8100  ext. 15
fax: 202-667-6907

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 16 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Thu Dec 16 22:54:28 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Thu, 16 Dec 1999 15:54:28 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:mitjatlig
Message-ID: <THU.16.DEC.1999.155428.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Thu 16 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: mitjatlig (jet lag response)

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 16 Dec 1999
From: Stefan Reichmuth <stefan.reichmuth at ruhr-uni-bochum.de>
Subject: mitjatlig (jet lag response)

As a Sudanist I would recommend <jatlaga/ part. majatlag or mitjatlig>, in
literary Arabic - with due respect to the Language Academies -  perhaps
<jatlaqa, mutajatliq>? Sounds fairly expressive, doesn't it? Stefan
Reichmuth

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 16 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Thu Dec 16 22:49:40 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Thu, 16 Dec 1999 15:49:40 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:ACOR Announcement
Message-ID: <THU.16.DEC.1999.154940.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Thu 16 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: ACOR Announcement

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 16 Dec 1999
From: Bonnie Glover Stalls <bstalls at isearch.com>
Subject: ACOR Announcement

TITLE: FELLOWSHIPS AND AWARDS - ASOR

> -----------------------------------------------------------------------
> SPONSOR: American Schools of Oriental Research (ASOR)
> PURPOSE: To support fellowships for various fields of study.
>
> DEADLINE: February 1, 2000 (check for other deadlines for each
> opportunity)
>
> SUMMARY: There are fifteen (15) opportunities listed below from
> different center's within the American Schools of Oriental Research.
> *********************************************************************
> THE AMERICAN CENTER OF ORIENTAL RESEARCH (AMMAN)
> Deadline for all applications: February 1, 2000
>
> The Kress Fellowship In The Art and Archaeology of Jordan: One or more
> three- to six-month fellowships for pre-doctoral students completing
> dissertation research in an art historical topic. History of art is
> defined to include: art history, archaeology, architectural history,
> and in some cases classical studies. Applicants must be American Ph.D.
> candidates or those who have matriculated at U.S. institutions. The
> maximum award is $14,000. Subject to funding.
>
> United States Information Agency (USIA) Fellowships
> USIA/CAORC Fellowships: Four or more two- to six-month fellowships for
> pre-doctoral students and post-doctoral scholars. Fields of study
> include all areas of the humanities and social sciences. Topics should
> contribute to scholarship in Near Eastern Studies. U.S. citizenship

URL :
http://www.usalert.com/htdoc/usoa/fnd/any/any/proc/any/asor12049801a.htm

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 16 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Thu Dec 16 22:52:38 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Thu, 16 Dec 1999 15:52:38 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:Compounding response
Message-ID: <THU.16.DEC.1999.155238.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Thu 16 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Compounding response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 16 Dec 1999
From: "N. Heer" <heer at u.washington.edu>
Subject: Compounding response

	I haven't followed this thread too closely, but has anyone
mentioned the classical Arabic sources on naHt (compounding)?  Two works
at hand which have sections on naHt are al-Suyuti's _al-Muzhir_, Vol. I,
pp. 482-485 in the Cairo edition of Muhammad Abu al-Fadl Ibrahim, et al.,
and Ibn Faris's _al-Sahibi fi Fiqh al-Lughah_, Beirut 1963, p. 271.

					Nicholas Heer

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 16 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Fri Dec 17 16:02:01 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Fri, 17 Dec 1999 09:02:01 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:jet lag
Message-ID: <FRI.17.DEC.1999.090201.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Fri 17 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: jet lag
2) Subject: jet lag

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 17 Dec 1999
From: GSalib at aol.com
Subject: jet lag

The translation might be as follows:

Ta'akhkhur fi t-ta-'aklum az-zamani.

Laa shukr 'ala waagib.
Galila Salib  (E-mail:   GSalib at aol.com)
Happy season.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date: 17 Dec 1999
From: "Kaye, Alan" <akaye at Exchange.FULLERTON.EDU>
Subject: jet lag

yaa 'ayyuhaa zzumalaa',

Stefan's coiage is a good one.  However, most native speakers have told me
that use farq ulwaqt ('difference of time'), lit. for this.

salaamaat wa maraaHib,

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 17 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Fri Dec 17 15:59:12 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Fri, 17 Dec 1999 08:59:12 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:METimes thanks
Message-ID: <FRI.17.DEC.1999.085912.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Fri 17 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: METimes thanks

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 17 Dec 1999
From: Carmen Cross <cross_31 at hotmail.com>
Subject: METimes thanks

I would like to thank everyone who responded to my query about an Arabic
transliteration font.  Your suggestions are very helpful to me :))))

Carmen

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 17 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Fri Dec 17 15:58:33 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Fri, 17 Dec 1999 08:58:33 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:Translit Font URL correction
Message-ID: <FRI.17.DEC.1999.085833.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Fri 17 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Translit Font URL correction

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 17 Dec 1999
From: T.A. MCALLISTER" <ecl6tam at lucs-01.novell.leeds.ac.uk>
Subject: Translit Font URL correction

Dear All,

In my response to Carmen, I included the "URL below" from which
my Translit font could be downloaded, but the address was trimmed
off by the list.

Here it is again:
http://www.leeds.ac.uk/iss/applications/fonts.html

Alec McAllister, University of Leeds.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 17 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Dec 20 21:39:56 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 20 Dec 1999 14:39:56 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN: JAIS Articles online
Message-ID: <MON.20.DEC.1999.143956.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 20 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: JAIS Article online
2) Subject: JAIS Articles address correction and additional info

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 20 Dec 1999
From: Joseph Norment Bell <joseph.bell at msk.uib.no>
Subject: JAIS Article online

The pre-publication version of the following article in Volume 2(1998-99)
has been posted:

3.Pavel Pavlovitch. Qad kunna la na'budu 'llaha wa-la na'rifuhu. On the
Problem of the Pre-Islamic Lord of the Ka'ba. Pre-Publication Version.
(Adobe Acrobat PDF file, pp. 49-74). This is a temporary posting. Readers
noticing spelling, formatting, or other errors are requested to notify
joseph.bell at msk.uib.no. HTML version to be posted later.

Regards,

Joseph Bell

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date: 20 Dec 1999
From: Joseph Norment Bell <joseph.bell at msk.uib.no>
Subject: JAIS Articles address correction and additional info

It seems that in the announcments concerning three new articles in volume 2
(1998-99) of the Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies, I neglected to give
the Journal's Web address, which is:

www.uib.no/jais

The articles in question:

1. Ibrahim Taha. Openness and Closedness: Four Categories of Closurization
in Modern
Arabic Fiction. (Adobe Acrobat PDF file, pp. 1-23).

Abstract: The discussion of the four categories of ending and closure in
modern Arabic literature in terms of openness and closedness clearly
indicates the interrelations between the ending and the model of the textual
reality, and the interrelations between this model and the extra-literary
reality. It seems that when the historical, and especially the political and
the social reality slaps writers across the face and stands before them in
all its might and immediacy, they do not remain indifferent and write a
literature with optimistic, promising, and closed endings; and vice versa: a
text with a model of reality which does not relate to a well defined piece
of history ends with a more open type of ending and becomes a closure in the
reader.

2. Celia E. Rothenberg. A Review of the Anthropological Literature in
English on the Palestinian Hamula and the Status of Women. (Adobe Acrobat
PDF file,  pp. 24-48).

Abstract: The following is a survey of the anthropological literature in
English on the Palestinian hamula, the extended family or clan, and
Palestinian women’s lives in the West Bank. Both areas of the literature are
in certain respects problematic; in particular, actors’ agency and women’s
experiences are often overlooked. The article concludes by presenting the
notion of social geography—a concept which looks at how the geographical
location of neighbors, friends, and family, as well as ideas of relatedness,
create ties and shape the way women practice and experience social
relations. Recognizing the importance of social geography may provide a way
of wedding these two areas of the literature and addressing some of its gaps.

3.Pavel Pavlovitch. Qad kunna la na'budu 'llaha wa-la na'rifuhu. On the
Problem of the Pre-Islamic Lord of the Ka'ba. Pre-Publication Version.
(Adobe Acrobat PDF file, pp. 49-74). This is a temporary posting. The final
file will be posted in a few weeks, when this notice will be removed.
Readers noticing spelling, formatting, or other errors are requested to
notify joseph.bell at msk.uib.no. HTML version to be posted later.

Abstract: This article deals with the problem of the pre-Islamic Lord of the
Ka'ba. An attempt is made to critically review the accepted theory that
Allah had been the main deity of this shrine long before Islam was revealed
to the Prophet Muhammad. The evidence of scripture and our other sources
suggests that the heathen Arabs may not have been particularly familiar with
the notion of Allah as the greatest deity reigning over a swarm of lesser
idols. Deities other than Allah were apparently greatly revered in the
Ka'ba, and their role as lords of the sanctuary cannot be easily discarded.
As for the concept of Allah as the main deity in the Ka'ba, the evidence
seems to stem from the early Islamic period, when the monotheistic notion of
God prevailed and brought with it a new understanding of history as a
sequence of monotheistic prophecies beginning with the very creation of the
world. This concept appears to be mainly responsible for the emergence of
the belief that Allah was present in people’s faith from the days of Adam
until the final reincarnation of His religion inMuhammad’s da'wa.

These are temporary postings. The final files will be posted in a few weeks.
Readers noticing spelling, formatting, or other errors are requested to
notify joseph.bell at msk.uib.no. HTML versions to be posted later.

In Volume 1(1996-97), one article is delayed for technical reasons:

Petra G. Schmidl. Two Early Arabic Sources on the Magnetic Compass. Pp. 81-XX.

Abstract: In this paper two previously unpublished texts on the magnetic
compass from the medieval Islamic world will be discussed, the first by the
Yemeni Sultan al Ashraf (ca. 1290) and the second by the Cairene astronomer
Ibn Sim'un (ca. 1300). These two treatises constitute the earliest known
evidence attesting the use of the magnetic compass for the determination of
the qibla, the sacred direction of Islam. A brief introduction glimpses at
history of the magnetic compass in Europe and China and mentions previously
known early Arabic sources on the instrument and its use. This is followed
by some remarks on the authors and the manuscripts, the Arabic texts with
English translations, and comments on problems encountered while working on
the texts.

Regards,

Joseph Bell

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 20 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Dec 20 22:11:40 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 20 Dec 1999 15:11:40 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LIT:PROTA Query
Message-ID: <MON.20.DEC.1999.151140.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 20 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: PROTA Query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 20 Dec 1999
From: Carmen Cross <cross_31 at hotmail.com>
Subject: PROTA Query

Dear Listmembers :))

I am searching for information of PROTA (Project of Translation from Arabic
Literature) , founded and directed by Salma Khadra al-Jayyusi.  I am
interested in becoming directly involved with this noble project.

As always, any information is very appreciated,

I would like to wish everyone health and happiness during the holiday
season,

Carmen

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 20 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Dec 20 21:20:45 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 20 Dec 1999 14:20:45 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LIT:Arab Women Authors Response
Message-ID: <MON.20.DEC.1999.142045.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 20 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Arab Women Authors Response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 20 Dec 1999
From: Haseeb Shehadeh <Haseeb.Shehadeh at helsinki.fi>
Subject: Arab Women Authors Response

See Joseph T. Zeidan, Bibliography of Women’s Literature in the Modern Arab
World 1800—1996. Beirut 1999, 783 pp. in ARABIC.
Haseeb Shehadeh

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 20 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Dec 20 22:12:50 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 20 Dec 1999 15:12:50 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:Transliteration Fonts: the Jaghbub package
Message-ID: <MON.20.DEC.1999.151250.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 20 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Transliteration Fonts: the Jaghbub package

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 20 Dec 1999
From: Albrecht Hofheinz <Hofheinz at wiko-berlin.de>
Subject: Transliteration Fonts: the Jaghbub package

While C. Buck's New World Transliterator is shareware, there is a
completely free package of high-quality transliteration fonts
available for the Macintosh. It has been used successfully for a
decade now in publications by Brill, Hurst, Northwestern University
Press, and others.

The package includes diacritic versions of Times, Palatino,
Helvetica, Geneva, Monaco, Courier, and New York. Both Type 1 and
TrueType versions are available. The package is easy to install and
use, and can be used for Arabic, Persian, Turkish, various African
languages, and others.

Notice that there are are also several tools available for sorting,
de-diacriticizing, converting from other fonts (such as METimes) to
Jaghbub, and dealing with diacritic database files found on the Web
(such as the Melvyl catalog).

To download, visit

http://www.hf-fak.uib.no/Institutter/smi/ksv/Jaghbub.html


Here is an excerpt from the description:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Arabic Macintosh: Transliteration
------------------------------------------------------------------------

The Jaghbub font package

This is a set of fonts for use in Middle Eastern languages
transliterated to the Latin scripts. They have the most common
diacritics used in transliteration of Arabic and Persian in various
transliteration / transcription formats. The fonts are modifications
of standard Times, Helvetica and Palatino, and will print on any
printer in a quality similar to those fonts. Included in the package
are keyboard layouts to facilitate typing in these fonts, and various
tools based on them.
There are three TrueType fonts in the normal range of Roman, Bold,
Italics and BoldItalics. They are:

*	Jaghbub, which is based on Times
*	Koufra, which is based on Palatino
*	Bairut, which is based on Helvetica.

In addition, there are four screen fonts which are in bitmaps only.
They are more prosaically named

*	Courier D
*	Geneva D
*	Monaco D
*	New York D.

They are mainly there because e.g. Times, and thus Jaghbub, is not
very pleasant to work with on screen. All these seven fonts share the
same characters in the same layout, so that a text written in one
font can be changed to any other among the seven with all diacritics
intact.
In the following the complete set is described as the "Jaghbub package".
The fonts contain these characters:

*	The standard A-Z character set and normal European
diacritics, unchanged from the origin font. Thus these fonts may be
used for normal non-tranliteration texts as well.
*	SDTHZ with dot under (all in upper and lower case)
*	DT with line under
*	G with dot above
*	G with caron (small v above)
*	H with curly line below (for German translit. of kh)
*	AIUEO with macron (line above)
*	Dotless i / Dotted I
*	Hamza
*	'Ain
*	Schwa (upside-down e)
*	Yumushak G (= g with breve; curve above) *

Additionally, these non-width diacritics may be used with any
following character:

*	Dot below
*	Dot above (low position for lower case, high for upper case letters)
*	Macron (low / high)
*	Non-width accent aigu / grave (low / high)
*	Caron
*	Cedille
*	Two dots below *
*	Line under *

(* = currently in Jaghbub 4.1 only)

With the fonts follows a keyboard layout that places the diacritics
in relatively logical places. E.g., for typing emphatic s, press the
Option key + s; for long a, press Option + a, etc.


Extras for Jaghbub etc files

These fonts actually have a long history, the current version is
"Generation 4". Generation 1 dates back to 1987. In the course of
these years, I have entertained myself by trying to make some tools
for working with Jaghbub files. I have included some of them as
"freebies" in the jaghbub.extras.sea file. They are not required for
running the fonts, they are only there if you want to play with them.
One problem concerns using texts written in Jaghbub in catalogues
that sort titles alphabetically. The computer does not know that the
'h/dot under' in Muhammad should be treated as an h. Either it will
divide the word, and sort it as Mu Ammad, or it will put the h/dot
after Z, sorted as Muzzammad.
I tried solving this by asking a colleague to change the system
resource in the Mac operating system that organizes sorting, so that
the h/dot is sorted as normal h. This works, but unfortunately very
few programs use the System's sorting resources, neither FileMaker or
Word does that. So for these programs, it was a wasted effort. But
HyperCard, Excel and some other programs will sort according the
selected sorting resource. Since it was of limited value, I have not
upgraded this resource to System 7, it will only work under System 6.
You must be able to use ResEdit to install it.
With FileMaker Pro, however, you got the ability to choose which
national alphabetic order you sort your database after. So, I created
a "Diacritic nation" and made a sorting order for this, where again
h/dot is sorted as h, a/macron as a, ain/hamza ignored etc. It will
work for FileMaker Pro 1 and 2.x. Again, installation by ResEdit.
There are two orders, one locally here which adds diacritics to the
Scandinavian sorting order, and one based on the US English order. US
users can ignore the first of the two. The file is called XLATs.
Another issue was compatibility with other users. I edit a journal
which is printed in Jaghbub, and I occasionally get articles written
in some other fonts that contain diacritics. To help me in dealing
with this, I use a tool which translates the diacritics of these
fonts to the Jaghbub system (I did not create the tools, a colleague
here in Bergen did). I have included two of them, one called MidEast
Times > Jaghbub and the other ME Geneva > Jaghbub; each for the font
by that name (There is apparently also a ME Times font, different
from MidEast Times, that follows the ME Geneva setup: Use that filter
for this). Drop any text-only file on top of this utility (or
"paradoid"; Paradigm-let), and it will create a new one called
[name].PD with the converted text. It only works on "text" files,
i.e. saved as "text only" under your word processor's "Save As"
option, so formatting is normally lost. But I include it here for
those who wish to use it.
Sometimes, diacritics must be removed, i.e. when a bibliography
written in Jaghbub is to be included in an e-mail message or sent to
a user who does not have the font. Another similar conversion tool,
Remove diacritics will do that. In the Jaghbub Extras folder, I also
include another couple of these small converters, one (Remove diacs /
rtf) will remove the Jaghbub codes as they appear in a RTF (Rich
Transfer) format, replacing them with non-diacritic characters. That
might be useful if you want to remove them from a formatted file
without losing the formatting - Export as RTF, drop it on top of this
converter, re-import the result into the word processor, and h/dot
under has become h.
Another, experimental, converter allows you to use transcription in
Web documents. It is based on the assumption that you create your
file (containing Jaghbub or one of the other fonts) in a word
processor, then export it in RTF format and use the well known
"rtftohtml" programme to convert it to a Web (HTML) document. In that
case, pass the RTF document through the Jaghbub rtf > html ASCII
paradoid before passing the result through "rtftohtml". This inserts
character codes which, when put on a Web server and read in Netscape
or MacWeb, will display Jaghbub characters correctly. Of course, the
user must then choose one of the Jaghbub fonts as his display font in
his/her own browser, so it requires an effort on the reader's part.
Equally of course, such pages will be pretty unreadable by anyone
with a PC, UNIX or on a Mac without the Jaghbub fonts. For this
reason, it probably still advisable not to use these diacritic fonts
on Web pages except in closely guarded circles; but anyway, this tool
will allow you to do it.
A third sometimes useful option is to use bibliographic references
downloaded from Melvyl or other on-line sources that can give
diacritics in Library of Congress codes (actually EBCDIC codes
surrounded by <>). A third paradoid (LC Diacritics) will convert such
a captured Telnet file from LC codes to Jaghbub.
The fourth may have its uses, although it was originally made as an
experiment or, perhaps, rather a toy. I played with the idea of
converting automatically from Arabic script to Jaghbub and back. From
Arabic to Jaghbub is fairly pointless, adding vowels to the result is
often more work than typing from scratch. But a Jaghbub file can be
converted the other way, to Arabic, with vowel marks deleted or
retained. For Arabic speakers, this may be equally pointless, but
many Western Arabists will type more quickly in English
transliteration than in the Arabic script on an Arabic keyboard. This
converter allows you to do this, enter the Arabic text in
transliteration using Jaghbub or one of its sisters, and then convert
the text into the Arabic script afterwards. Normally, such a
conversion cannot sort out all ambiguities, and will require some
cleaning up or at least proofreading afterwards. There is a separate
document that explains how the conversion process is done, and how
one most speedily can adapt the Jaghbub text for optimal conversion.
There are three files, Jaghb > Arab vowels goes from transcription to
Arabic script and retains the vowels; Jaghb > Arab NoVowels does the
same but deletes the vowels for a "cleaner", more normal Arabic text,
and Arab > Jaghb takes a crack at transliterating Arabic script to
Jaghbub; making some guesses at word forms to insert some vowels into
the text (mhmd = Muhammad etc.).

Knut S. Vikør


************************************
Dr. Albrecht Hofheinz

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 20 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Dec  1 15:58:49 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 1 Dec 1999 08:58:49 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:Dialect Recognition Needed
Message-ID: <WED.1.DEC.1999.085849.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 01 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Dialect Recognition Needed

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 01 Dec 1999
From: moderator
Subject: Dialect Recognition Needed

There is a short term consulting job in the York County, PA area that
requires a dialect expert, or just someone (probably but not necessarily a
native speaker of Moroccan or Algerian Arabic) who could listen to a
speaker and identify approximately where he is from (hopefully at least
distinguishing Morocco or Algeria).  If you think you can do this, let me
know at the address below and I'll send you the details.
Dil
dil at byu.edu

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 01 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Dec  1 19:55:45 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 1 Dec 1999 12:55:45 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:NACAL correction
Message-ID: <WED.1.DEC.1999.125545.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 01 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: NACAL correction

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 01 Dec 1999
From: Laurence Horn <laurence.horn at yale.edu>
Subject: NACAL correction

For those responding by e-mail to the call for papers and registration
information for the NACAL 28 (2000) meeting in Portland, please send your
e-mail information to the organizer Geoff Graham at the address

geoffrey.graham at yale.edu

and not to me.  I was just posting the message for Geoff.  Thank you for
your consideration.

Larry Horn

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 01 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Dec  1 21:43:35 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 1 Dec 1999 14:43:35 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:Compounding Query
Message-ID: <WED.1.DEC.1999.144335.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 01 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Compounding Query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 01 Dec 1999
From: layla meziane <laylameziane at hotmail.com>
Subject: Compounding Query

My name is Layla Meziane, and I am working on compounding in Arabic for my
Master thesis.I would like to ask you if you know any references related to
that topic. I would appreciate any recommendations of articles, books, or
people working on this issue that would enable me to deepen my understanding
of compounding in Arabic.

Thank on advance for your time and effort,
Layla Meziane

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 01 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Dec  1 23:27:13 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 1 Dec 1999 16:27:13 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:9afaq response
Message-ID: <WED.1.DEC.1999.162713.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 01 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: 9afaq response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 01 Dec 1999
From: Nidaa Abou Mrad <nidaaamr at dm.net.lb>  by way of Frederic Lagrange
<fredlag at worldnet.fr>
Subject: 9afaq response

[in french]
'Afqa est un terme usuel qui peut prendre plusieurs significations,
notamment: br?ve ?mission d'une note aig?e dans un dessin m?lodique
rapproch?, souvent ? la tierce ou ? la quarte, presque une sorte de
trille ?court? ? la tierce ou ? la quarte. Je pense que le fragment de
texte ?voqu? ici suppose que la note buzurk (mi) est obtenue par une
apposition rapide du second doigt en alternance avec la corde ? vide
(mutlaq kard?n (do)).

	Amicalement.
	Nidaa Abou Mrad

[This is slightly too technical for me to translate into English. If
someone can do the job, I'll be more than glad to post the translation.
Fred]

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 01 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Dec  6 16:03:27 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 6 Dec 1999 09:03:27 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:Proverb query
Message-ID: <MON.6.DEC.1999.090327.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 06 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Proverb query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 06 Dec 1999
From: moderator <dil at byu.edu>
Subject: Proverb query

[I received this from a friend.  You may respond directly to me if you
like.--Dil]

Quite a while ago, I heard what was supposed to be an Arab proverb, that
goes something like "When you point at someone, there are three fingers
pointing back at you".  Do you know if this is an Arab proverb?  If so, do
you know how it is usually expressed in Arabic?  Do you know what country
it is associated with?  How would you characterize the point of this
proverb?


--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 06 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Dec  6 16:00:53 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 6 Dec 1999 09:00:53 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:Linguasphere announcement
Message-ID: <MON.6.DEC.1999.090053.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 06 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Linguasphere announcement

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 06 Dec 1999
From: webmaster <webmaster at linguasphere.org>
Subject: Linguasphere announcement

The Linguasphere Observatory is a research network devoted to the
classification of the world&rsqu;0s languages and dialects, the study and
promotion of multilingualism and the exploration of our global linguistic
environment. The Linguasphere website
(<http://www.linguasphere.org>www.linguasphere.org ) currently contains
extracts from the forthcoming Linguasphere Register of the World's
Languages and Speech Communities, including
the the SEMITIC languages spoken in NORTH AFRICA and WESTERN ASIA.
?
The observatory would be very grateful to receive comments from linguists
on these extracts, which can be? viewed and downloaded (together with an
explanation of the methodology used entitled Guide to Extracts) - by
selecting the Download Extracts button on the homepage.? Any scientific
support? will of course be fully acknowledged.
?
David Dalby
Director - Linguasphere Observatory
<mailto:e-mail:dalby at linguasphere.org>e-mail:research at linguasphere.org
<http://www.linguasphere.org>http://www.linguasphere.org

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 06 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Dec  6 15:58:49 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 6 Dec 1999 08:58:49 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:Compounding counterquery
Message-ID: <MON.6.DEC.1999.085849.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 06 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Compounding counterquery

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 06 Dec 1999
From: Waheed Samy <wasamy at umich.edu>
Subject: Compounding counterquery

s'cuse me... , but what means compounding?
Waheed

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 06 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Dec  6 15:59:52 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 6 Dec 1999 08:59:52 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:Cairene Coll response
Message-ID: <MON.6.DEC.1999.085952.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 06 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Cairene Coll response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 06 Dec 1999
From: Wim Raven <Raven at em.uni-frankfurt.de>
Subject: Cairene Coll response

An excellent textbook which I used is:
Manfred Woidich, Ahlan wa-sahlan. Eine Einfuehrung in die Kairoer
Umgangssprache, Wiesbaden 1990-1991.
It is in German. In my view it would be worth to be translated into English.

Dr. Wim Raven, Orientalisches Seminar, University of Frankfurt, Germany

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 06 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Dec  6 15:58:06 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 6 Dec 1999 08:58:06 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:translation of 9afaq response
Message-ID: <MON.6.DEC.1999.085806.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 06 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: translation of 9afaq response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 06 Dec 1999
From: Charles McNulty <charliem at club-internet.fr>
Subject: translation of 9afaq response

'Afqa is a common term which can have several meanings, notably: the brief
emission of a sharp note in a close melodic sketch, often in thirds or
fourths, almost a short trill in thirds or fourths.  I think that the text
evoked here supposes that the note buzurk (mi) is obtained by a rapid
alternation of the second finger with the open string.(do)


(this is my translation of what Nidaa gave as his translation of this
musical term.  I'll only add that I love his compositions and playing. I
hope this is useful.) charles mcnulty

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 06 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Dec  6 15:56:51 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 6 Dec 1999 08:56:51 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:etmak3aS query
Message-ID: <MON.6.DEC.1999.085651.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 06 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: etmak3aS query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 06 Dec 1999
From: Fred <fredlag at worldnet.fr>
Subject: etmak3aS query

A friend of mine has come accross the following root in "siirat Baybars" :

m/k/3/S

3 = 3ayn
S = Saad

in the following sentence

"delwa'ti tmak3aSna, yeToqq el-qaadi b-3eeno"
pronounced by a Syrian character who pretends to be speaking Egyptian

She has looked up for the root in
Bartholomy/Hinds-Badawy/Denizot/Wehr/Lisaan al-3arab
but without any result.

does anybody have any clue?

Frederic Lagrange, Paris IV.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 06 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Dec  6 15:55:48 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 6 Dec 1999 08:55:48 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:Classical Dictionary Query
Message-ID: <MON.6.DEC.1999.085548.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 06 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Classical Dictionary Query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 06 Dec 1999
From:  John Leake <J.E.S.Leake at durham.ac.uk>
Subject: Classical Dictionary Query

Dear udaba',

I hate to ask what seems to be a basic question, but does anyone have
any suggestions for a student-priced classical Arabic to English
dictionary?  Lane is too expensive and too large.  Is there a more
reasonably priced dictionary of the classical language (not Wehr, which
is MSA)?

Thanks

John

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 06 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Dec  8 19:51:07 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 8 Dec 1999 12:51:07 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:Arabic Computer braille query
Message-ID: <WED.8.DEC.1999.125107.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 08 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Arabic Computer braille query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 08 Dec 1999
From: Arno Vonk <AVonk at alva-bv.nl>
Subject: Arabic Computer braille query

I am conducting a study into the possibilities of using software and
hardware used by blind and visually impaired people to work with computers
in the Windows environment. Using what is known as braille displays and
screenreader software blind and visually impaired people can have access to
all the information available through IT. My querry for the list is does
anybody have any experience with Arabic computer braille and Arabic speech
synthesis? There is very little information available on this so I am
hoping that somebody somewhere knows the right place to look or the right
person to contact. Thanks all for your help.

Kind regards

Dr. Arno Vonk
The Netherlands

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 08 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Dec  8 19:56:51 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 8 Dec 1999 12:56:51 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:Classical Dictionary Responses
Message-ID: <WED.8.DEC.1999.125651.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 08 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Classical Dictionary Response
2) Subject: Classical Dictionary Response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 08 Dec 1999
From: Michael Fishbein <FISHBEIN at HUMnet.UCLA.EDU>
Subject: Classical Dictionary Response

I find J. G. Hava, "Al-Fara'id Arabic-English Dictionary," (5th ed. Beirut:
Dar el-
Mashreq, ISBN 2-7214-2144-1) reasonably priced and useful for the classical
vocabulary. Its disadvantages are that it includes almost no context for the
different meanings of a word and follows a layout confusing for students
used to
Wehr.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date: 08 Dec 1999
From: Asma Afsaruddin <aafsarud at nd.edu>
Subject: Classical Dictionary Response

I would recommend Steingass' Arabic-English dictionary.  It's adequate for
beginning to intermediate level students and probably not priced much above
sixty dollars.  Be warned that he lists Arabic words alphabetically rather
than strictly according to root but still, once you've adjusted to this
idiosyncracy, it is easy to use.
Asma Afsaruddin
Assistant Professor
Arabic and Islamic Studies
University of Notre Dame

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 08 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Dec  8 19:52:15 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 8 Dec 1999 12:52:15 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LIT:Arab Women Authors query
Message-ID: <WED.8.DEC.1999.125215.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 08 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Arab Women Authors query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 08 Dec 1999
From: Michael Akard <michael_akard at hotmail.com>
Subject: Arab Women Authors query

Greetings from Abu Dhabi!

I'm looking for novels (in translation) by Arab women authors.
Also, I'm looking for documentation regarding traditional music of Arabian
Gulf women.

I'd appreciate any suggestions or guidance. If this query seems
extra-topical, feel free to reply off-list.

Sincerely,
Michael Akard
Military Language Institute
m.akard at mli.ac.ae

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 08 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Dec  8 20:01:31 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 8 Dec 1999 13:01:31 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:Proverb Responses
Message-ID: <WED.8.DEC.1999.130131.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 08 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Proverb Response
2) Subject: Proverb Response
3) Subject: Proverb Response
4) Subject: Proverb Response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 08 Dec 1999
From: Jackie Murgida <jmurg at star.net>
Subject: Proverb Response

I heard this in English before I ever studied Arabic or knew any Arabs:
"When you point at someone you're pointing three fingers at yourself."

HTH
Jackie

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date: 08 Dec 1999
From: Mark Van Mol <Mark.VanMol at ilt.kuleuven.ac.be>
Subject: Proverb Response

About the proverb query.  I heard from Moroccans.  It means that when a
person is telling bad things of another person, he in fact is pointing at
himself telling that he himself is three times worse on that specific
point.  It is a way to discourage people to talk bad about other people and
to comfort people who claim that something bad is told about them.  It is
more a saying than a proverb.  I do not remember anymore the exact way in
which it was told.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
3)
Date: 08 Dec 1999
From: Bethany Zaborowski <zaborowb at gusun.georgetown.edu>
Subject: Proverb Response

Regarding this query, I heard this proverb as a child in Sunday school,
and never heard of it in relation to Arabic.  This is not to say there is
not an Arabic proverb too, but I definitely heard it many years before I
started my Arabic studies!
B. Zaborowski

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
4)
Date: 08 Dec 1999
From: armtc <armtc at casema.net>
Subject: Proverb Response

I know the proverb from my own language, i.e. Dutch. (However, I must admit
that I could not find it in any dictionary so far.) I use the expression
when I try to make clear that it makes no sense accusing someone, because
the accusation always refers (in a way) to yourself as well. Furthermore,
pointing fingers at someone is very impolite.

Best regards,

Matanja Bauer

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 08 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Dec  8 19:54:08 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 8 Dec 1999 12:54:08 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:Compounding response
Message-ID: <WED.8.DEC.1999.125408.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 08 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Compounding response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 08 Dec 1999
From: Michael Fishbein <FISHBEIN at HUMnet.UCLA.EDU>
Subject: Compounding response

Regarding compounding, Arabic, like the other Semitic languages, usually is
not
considered to have a process common to many of the Indoeuropean languages, and
especially common in the Sanskrit, Greek, and Germanic families of that group,
whereby the uninflected stems of nouns/adjectives can be concatenated, the
resulting
compound being treated as a single noun, with a variety of logical
relationships
possible between the elements of the compound and capable of receiving
grammatic
inflexion and suffixes that affect the compound as a whole, not just its
final term.
In classical Arabic, the only syntactical relationship that can cement two
nouns
into a whole is the genitival relationship of the construct phrase (idafa).

This said, several interesting exceptions should be noted. First, Semitic
seems to
have had some means of forming compounds analogous to Indoeuropean. The
Semitic
numbers 11-19 seem to be what Indoeuropeanists call dvandva compounds:
Arabic 'aHada
'ashara means one-and-ten. Also layla-nahAra means day-and-night. The nouns
in these
examples end in an invariable -a, which may not be an accusative ending at
all, but
something related to the Akkadian absolutive. These are true compounds and
were
called murakkabAt in Classical Arabic grammar. The process of forming such
compounds
does not seem to be productive in later Arabic.

The formation of nisba adjectives sometimes involves processes like
compounding. For
instance, from the normally formed construct phrase ra'su mAlin, capital,
one can
form the nisba adjective ra's(a)-mAliyy- (Wehr gives no vowel between the
'/s/m).
This adjective does not mean "head of a financial [thing, person]," as the
normal
rules of Arabic grammar would demand, but "pertaining to ra'su mAlin,"
capitalist(ic). In other words, the nisba suffix is attached to the two
words as if
they were a compound. This is discussed in Wright I, 161C, and attributed
mostly to
later stages of the language.

By extension, one might allow the formation of nisba adjectives from
prepositional
phrases, such as taHta-al-shu'Uri (the subconscious), yielding
"taHt(a)-shu'Uriyy-
(subconscious). I wonder whether the official guardians of Arabic grammar
recognize
such compounds as legitimate.

Another interesting example of what might be called compounding involves
the use of
noun adjective phrases as headwords of idafa. Take for example the concept of
secretary general. One says al-'amIn al-'Amm (noun adjective phrase), but
one can
treat the two words (without the definite article) as a single compound
substantive
that can itself govern a genitive: amin(u?)-'Amm(u?) al-umam(i)
al-muttaHida(ti),
rather than the grammatically expected aminu al-umami al-muttaHidati al-'Ammu.
Again, one wonders whether the official guardians of Arabic grammar seen
this as
legitimate or reject it as a corruption of Arabic syntax under the
influence of
Persian, Turkish, and Western languages.

I hope I have indicated a few areas in which a process like compounding may
be said
to exist in Arabic. Can anyone out there spot other examples?

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 08 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Tue Dec 14 18:01:08 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Tue, 14 Dec 1999 11:01:08 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:Arabic Braille Response
Message-ID: <TUE.14.DEC.1999.110108.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Tue 14 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Arabic Braille Response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 14 Dec 1999
From:  GnhBos at aol.com
Subject: Arabic Braille Response

Duxbury Systems, Inc. makes software for braille translation
(conversion between print and braille) and word-processing.
The Duxbury Braille Translator (DBT) can be used for many
languages and technical specialty codes, including English,
French, Spanish, Portuguese, Swahili, Arabic among others.

http://www.duxburysystems.com

Happy Holidays,

George N. Hallak

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 14 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Tue Dec 14 18:07:00 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Tue, 14 Dec 1999 11:07:00 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LIT:James Madison and UofUtah Jobs
Message-ID: <TUE.14.DEC.1999.110700.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Tue 14 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: James Madison and UofUtah Jobs

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 14 Dec 1999
From: moderator
Subject: James Madison and UofUtah Jobs

The James Madison and UofUtah job announcements posted on Arabic-info came
with a copyright statement warning against reposting.  Although I find this
to be somewhat ridiculous (why would someone want to copyright a job
announcement?), I won't repost but simply say that the James Madison job is
for Arabic Literature, tenure track, deadline is Dec 15, contact Chair of
the World Literature Search Committee, James Madison University, English
Department, MSC 1801, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807
and the UofUtah job is for Arabic language and literature, non-tenure
track, by Dec 15th, contact Director, Middle East Center, University of
Utah, 260 South Central Campus Dr., Room 153, Salt Lake City, Utah
84112-9157

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 14 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Tue Dec 14 18:08:00 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Tue, 14 Dec 1999 11:08:00 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:Compounding response
Message-ID: <TUE.14.DEC.1999.110800.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Tue 14 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Compounding response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 14 Dec 1999
From: Martine Haak <haakmart at dds.nl>
Subject: Compounding response

Some names of plants and flowers appear to be examples of "real"
compounding, such as   'jullanaar' = pome granate blossom, 'Habbhaan' =
cardamom and 'HaSaalubaan' = rosemary.

Wehr's dictionary also mentions quite a few compounds with 'xaana' or
'daar' as the second part of the compound, or 'baash' as the first. These
seem to be comparable with words with a prefix such as 'laa' in
'laa-jinsiiya' = statelessness and 'al-laa-shu9uur' = the unconscious, etc.

Examples are:

 'antiikxaana' = museum, 'raSdaxaana' = observatory, 'daftarxaana' =
archives, public records office, 'tarsxaana', also occurring as 'tarsaana'
= arsenal; shipyard, dockyard, 'jabxaana, jabaxaana' = powder magazine;
ammunition; artillery depot, and 'salxaana' = slaughterhouse, abattoir with
-xaana

'silaaHdaar' = sword-bearer, shiled-bearer, squire, 'xazandaar, xaznadaar'
= treasurer, 'sirdaar' = general, and 'Tabardaar' = sapper, pioneer with -daar

'baashHakiim' = physician-in-chief, 'baashkaatib' = chief clerk,
'baashmufattish' = chief inspector, and 'baashmuhandis' = chief engineer

There are of course many words which are semantically compounded though not
 morphologically, especially in botanical and zoological  names such as for
instance 'burghuut al-baHr' = shrimp.

In loanwords we find complete compounds taken over, as in 'banknoot' =
banknote, or even taken over as compound where they were separate words in
the original language, as in 'roobabeekiyaa' = junk (from the Italian 'roba
vecchia').

It seems safe to state that compounding is an extremely rare phenomenon in
written Arabic, and that only very few compounds fought their way into
Wehr's dictionary, often originating from loanwords or dialectisms. A nice
dialectal compound which is mentioned in Wehr is the Egyptian Arabic
'bulhoon' (pl. 'balaahiin') = sphinx, from 'abuu al-hawl'.

In my view, research concentrating on compounds in Arabic should focus on
(one or more of the) colloquial dialects, which often have combinations of
words with a specific meaning.

Good luck,     Martine
Martine Haak
Diemzigt 7
1111 TW  Diemen
020-6905605
haakmart at dds.nl
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 14 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Tue Dec 14 17:59:04 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Tue, 14 Dec 1999 10:59:04 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:METimes Query
Message-ID: <TUE.14.DEC.1999.105904.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Tue 14 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: METimes Query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 14 Dec 1999
From: Carmen Cross <cross_31 at hotmail.com>
Subject: METimes Query

Dear Colleagues:

I am doing research on TAFL and am looking for an Arabic transliteration
font.  I have heard rave reviews for METimes, designed by Christopher Buck.
I also heard that a version for Windows will be appearing soon.  Would
anyone be able to recommend a place where I may be able to buy this font or
a comparable one for Windows.

Thanks so much for your help,

Carmen

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 14 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Tue Dec 14 17:59:51 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Tue, 14 Dec 1999 10:59:51 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:Dictionary Thanks
Message-ID: <TUE.14.DEC.1999.105951.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Tue 14 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Dictionary Thanks

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 14 Dec 1999
From: John Leake <J.E.S.Leake at durham.ac.uk>
Subject: Dictionary Thanks

Dear all,

Many thanks for the classical dictionary responses!  I'll pick up either
Hava or Steingass when I'm next in London.

John Leake

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 14 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Tue Dec 14 18:33:41 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Tue, 14 Dec 1999 11:33:41 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LNIG:jet lag query
Message-ID: <TUE.14.DEC.1999.113341.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Tue 14 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: jet lag query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 14 Dec 1999
From: "Kaye, Alan" <akaye at Exchange.FULLERTON.EDU>
Subject: jet lag query

zumalaa'i li9zaaz,

How does one translate 'jet lag' in Arabic?

'alf shukr ...

Alan Kaye

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 14 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Tue Dec 14 18:11:59 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Tue, 14 Dec 1999 11:11:59 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:Middlebury Arabic School Announcement
Message-ID: <TUE.14.DEC.1999.111159.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Tue 14 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Middlebury Arabic School Announcement

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 14 Dec 1999
From: www.middlebury.edu/~ls/arabic
Subject: Middlebury Arabic School Announcement

[This is an example of one of those HTML encoded messages that I'm having
trouble with.  I think you get the idea; sorry about the extra characters.
It is possible that part of this message is missing.  If a Middlebury
person could try resending it without the HTML coding, I post it again.
Dil]

ARABIC SCHOOL
Middlebury College
Middlebury, Vermont
Summer 2000
June 9 to August 11
www.middlebury.edu/~ls/arabic

The Arabic School in Middlebury College is now accepting applications
for the summer 2000 intensive program.  Students are placed in various =
levels  based on oral and written oral placement tests in addition to =
transcripts and recommendation letters.  Tuition and fees which include =
room and board are $6,040.   Financial aid is available.  Qualifying =
students are encouraged to apply for financial aid as early as possible.

PROGRAM OF STUDY

The Arabic School offers Elementary, High Elementary, Intermediate, High
Intermediate and Advanced courses in the nine-week summer session.
The curriculum emphasizes reading, listening, speaking, culture and =
writing skills, all of which are practiced daily in and out of class.  =
Students engage in communicative and functional activities, often in =
small groups, that maximize interaction and linguistic accuracy.  =
Reading and listening materials are all authentic. The school has its =
own language lab with a wide selection of audio tapes for work on =
listening skills.  Students have access to the Textbook audio and video =
segments in digitized sound and picture available on line in computer =
labs.  In addition, students are introduced to word processing in =
Arabic.  All Macintosh and PC computers at the Middlebury College =
Computer Center are equipped with Arabic word-processing software and =
with internet and e-mail connections in Arabic.  The Middlebury College =
Star library houses a modest modern and classical Arabic collection =
covering a wide range of academic and non-academic interests, which =
students at all levels may use for outside reading and class projects.  =
Students  can read Al-Ahram and Al-Hayat newspapers which are available =
daily as well as a selection of magazines in the Lobby of Star library =
and the Social Lounge of the Arabic School.  The school also has an =
extensive collection of Arabic music tapes, CDs and films on video =
cassette from many parts of the Arab world. =20

The main focus of the school is the teaching of Modern Standard Arabic. =
At the High Intermediate and Advanced levels, students are exposed to =
Educated Spoken forms of some Arabic dialects.  This addition to the =
school's curriculum has been implemented in response to a growing need =
to bring students' Aural and Oral Proficiency to a level where they can =
comfortably and naturally interact with Arab intellectuals and conduct =
their daily life in the Arab World. =20

The material covered and the level of proficiency achieved in one summer =
at the Middlebury School of Arabic is generally considered equivalent to =
at least one academic year's work at most other institutions.  Student =
progress is evaluated through the administration of written and oral =
proficiency tests at the beginning and end of the session.

FOR MORE INFORMATION OR TO OBTAIN A VIEWBOOK AND APPLICATION FORMS, =
PLEASE CONTACT THE MIDDLEBURY LANGUAGE SCHOOLS AT (802)443-5510 OR SEND =
E-MAIL TO
languages at middlebury.edu OR CHECK OUT LANGUAGE SCHOOLS INTERNET WEBSITE =
AT www.middlebury.edu/~ls/arabic

Nabil Abdelfattah, Director
Arabic School=20
Middlebury College, Vermont

Tel:    (616) 387-2933
nabil.abdelfattah at wmich.edu

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 14 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Tue Dec 14 18:12:44 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Tue, 14 Dec 1999 11:12:44 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:COLTIA Announcement (study abroad opportunity)
Message-ID: <TUE.14.DEC.1999.111244.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Tue 14 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: COLTIA Announcement (study abroad opportunity)

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 14 Dec 1999
From: Kirk Belnap <rkb at email.byu.edu>
Subject: COLTIA Announcement (study abroad opportunity)

The application deadline (December 31) is fast approaching for an excellent
opportunity for funded study abroad in Cairo.  Applicants are not required
to be currently enrolled as students.  If you know of present or former
students who fit the bill (Business, International Law, International
Relations, Development, Economics...), you may want to draw their attention
to this opportunity.

For full details see:

http://www.sais-jhu.edu/languages/coltia/

Basics:

REQUIREMENTS FOR APPLICATION
All COLTIA applicants must:
* Be US citizens or Permanent Residents.
* Possess competence in Arabic equivalent to two years of
study at the college level.
* Apply and be accepted to the CASA Summer-Only Program.
* Have sufficient emotional stability and physical stamina to
allow unreserved participation in intensive language study
followed by an internship in a foreign country.
* Be enrolled in an appropriate degree program (i.e. Business
Management, International Law, International Relations,
Development, Economics) OR have a current position in a
related business or organization.
* Pay a program fee ($750 for participants from COLTIA
Consortium member universities, $1000 for those from non-consortium
institutions). The CASA Summer-Only Program
fee is covered by the fellowship. Program fee must be paid
by May 1.

A limited number of individuals may participate in the
COLTIA program on a Pay-Your-Own-Way basis provided they have
met all of the above requirements. Applicants who are chosen as
alternates are encouraged to seek other funding from private and
public sources and participate on the Pay-Your-Own-Way option.
Other sources of funding may include Fulbright fellowships,
National Security Education Program (NSEP) individual grants,
Rotary International, FLAS, and employer programs. Concurrent
application to IIE in New York is required for a Fulbright award.
Contact IIE at 809 UN Plaza, New York, NY 10017-3580 or phone
(212) 984-5330.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 14 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Tue Dec 14 18:13:27 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Tue, 14 Dec 1999 11:13:27 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:phrase query
Message-ID: <TUE.14.DEC.1999.111327.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Tue 14 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: phrase query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 14 Dec 1999
From: Melissa Barkat <Melissa.Barkat at mrash.fr>
Subject: phrase query

Dear Arabic-Lers',

I can remember someone asked  a few time ago about Max WEINREICH's
reference where this famous phrase can be found... :  " a language is a
dialect with an army and a navy".
Unfortunately, at that time I trusted my memory and now that I need it... I
realize I shouldn't have had !!
Can anyone with a brand new brain refresh my mind ?
Thanks a lot

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 14 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Tue Dec 14 18:38:04 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Tue, 14 Dec 1999 11:38:04 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:Mossoul Dialect Query
Message-ID: <TUE.14.DEC.1999.113804.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Tue 14 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Mossoul Dialect Query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 14 Dec 1999
From: Fred <fredlag at worldnet.fr>
Subject: Mossoul Dialect Query

Dear Colleagues,
has anyone on the list ever come accross a monography on the modern
dialect of Mossoul (al-mawsil), and could anyone confirm that this
dialect features what traditional grammarians (al-Farraa',
al-SuyuuTi) call "wakm", i.e. pronouncing "`alaykim" for "`alaykum"
(or I guess in modern dialect `aleekem") and "bikim".

Thanks,
Frederic Lagrange.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 14 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Thu Dec 16 22:44:13 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Thu, 16 Dec 1999 15:44:13 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:METimes Responses
Message-ID: <THU.16.DEC.1999.154413.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Thu 16 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: METimes Response from the creater of METimes
2) Subject: METimes Response
3) Subject: METimes Response
4) Subject: METimes Response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 16 Dec 1999
From: Christopher Buck <chrisbuck at peaknet.net>
Subject: METimes Response

Dear Dr. Parkinson:

Brent Poirier has informed me of your interest in an academic
transliteration font I developed, New World Transliterator.

METimes was an old Type 3 transliteration font for the Mac. It was very
good. However, as font technology developed, I ran into some problems with
METimes. In 1990, as a graduate student , I tried to convert my
professor's METimes to a Type 1 font, using a new font converter utility
called Evolution. That didn't work, because METimes turned out to be a
"stroked" font, digitally drawn with a number of tangential, intersecting
lines, rather than with bezier curves (used in Type 1 font) or by means of
quadratics (TrueType fonts). I then contacted the programmer of
Evolution--Greg Berry of Image Club Graphics--and it was Berry who
taught me the black art of digital typography.

Since there were no Type 1 or TrueType versions of METimes back in
1990, I decided to develop New World for the Mac. (I was writing my
Master's thesis at that time; necessity was thus the mother of the invention
of New World.) Later, in response to a number of requests by colleagues
using PCs, I created a version for Windows, New World WinMac.

I've had two books published in New World: [1] _Symbol and Secret:
Qur'an Commentary in Baha'u'llah's Kitab-i Iqan_. Studies in the Babi and
Baha'i Religions, vol. 7 (Los Angeles: Kalimat Press, 1995); and [2]
_Paradise and Paradigm: Key Symbols in Persian Christianity and the
Baha'i Faith_ (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1999). The
font has been reviewed twice:

                Brannon Wheeler, Review of New World Transliterator.
                Religious Studies Review 24.4 (Oct. 1998): 385.

                Kevin Reinhart, "New World Transliterator:
                Macintosh Middle Eastern-Language Transliteration Font
                by Christopher Buck."
                Middle East Studies Association Bulletin 27 (1993): 294.

Kazi Books uses New World as a house font. A number of Islamicists have
been using New World for several years now, as have several universities
(Utrecht, Harvard Library, and others that escape my memory right now,
with Dartmouth University soon to be requesting a site license, I'm told).

White Cloud Press has just published Michael Sells' translation of the
early Meccan suras of the Qur'an. This book was typeset in another font I
developed, called Dominion.

Anyway, the news is that I have released New World Transliterator (Mac
version) as a shareware font. It can now be downloaded at the following
URL:

<http://hyperarchive.lcs.mit.edu/HyperArchive/Archive/edu/lang/new-world-tra
nsliterator.hqx

Please share this information with your listserve members, and post on
related Arabic, Turkish, Persian and other academic sites as well. Thank
you, and please copy these postings to me, if you would be so kind!

The Windows version of New World and Dominion for the Mac may be
ordered privately by contacting me at my academic address below.

I will be upgrading New World over the Christmas holidays, as soon as
Kevin Reinhart gives me Apple's specifications for the Turkish keyboard.
This means that I will be remapping certain characters to make the font
even more Turkish-friendly. New World supports Persian (including
Encyclopaedia Iranica's idiosyncratic transliteration convention!), as well
as Syriac, some simple conventions of Hebrew, not to mention Sanskrit,
Pali, Sumerian, and Japanese!

Hope this helps.

Christopher Buck

--
Dr. Christopher Buck
Visiting Assistant Professor of Religious Studies and Theology
Quincy University
1800 College Avenue
Quincy, IL  62301-2699
chrisbuck at peaknet.net
buckch at quincy.edu
drchristopherbuck at usa.net
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date: 16 Dec 1999
From: Brent Poirier <mariposa at roadrunner.com>
Subject: METimes Response

Here is Christopher Buck's contact information:

Dr. Christopher Buck
Visiting Assistant Professor of
Religious Studies and Theology
Quincy University
1800 College Avenue
Quincy, IL  62301-2699
chrisbuck at peaknet.net

Brent Poirier

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
3)
Date: 16 Dec 1999
From: "T.A. MCALLISTER" <ecl6tam at lucs-01.novell.leeds.ac.uk>
Subject: METimes Response

Dear Carmen,

I can't speak for Win 95 or 98, but under NT, the normal version of
Times New Roman, Arial, etc are Unicode fonts, so perhaps no special
font is needed to transliterate Arabic. (At least, they look and behave
like Unicode fonts on my PC ...  :-)

They contains the macronned vowels in their normal Unicode places, in
the "Latin Extended A" positions. Those can be inserted by either
Word For Windows's (97) "Insert ... Symbol ... (normal font)" or with
the Character Map.

There are characters with dots beneath them, under "Latin Extended
Additional", but they are all vowels, so most are no use to you.

However, there are no fewer than 15 consecutive free-standing dots
with no advance-width, i.e. when you insert any one of them the cursor
doesn't move and the dot appears beneath the previous character. They
are at minutely different distances to the left of the cursor, so you can
pick the one that goes exactly under the centre of whichever character
you have just typed. They are in the "Private Use Area" shortly after the
symbols that look like playing-card clubs, diamonds, etc.

There is also a single free-standing dot at Unicode 0323, in "Combining
Diacritical Marks".

It is tedious to insert these characters/diacritics with Character Map or
Insert ... Symbol, so my recommendation is to use the latter, but to
click on the "Shortcut Key" button and to define a shortcut key
mapping for each one that you need. Not all keys can be used for this,
so you'll have to experiment, but it is wise to avoid keys that might be
needed for other things anyway. I use Control plus asterisk, forward-
slash, etc on the Number Pad, so there is no chance of hitting the
chosen keys accidentally.

You can define such shortcuts to be stored either in your
NORMAL.DOT (which makes them available to any Word doc on that
machine) or in whichever file you are typing at the time (which makes
them more portable, but you have to define them again for subsequent
files).

Someone recently showed me a font called Times New Arabic
(filename TRANSLIT0.TTF). I don't want to insult its makers, but it
looks very suspicious to me. The dots and macrons are placed in the 7-
bit ASCII range, which is something that Monotype very rarely does. It
contains the statement that it is copyright Monotype (which of course
Times New Roman is), but the font appeared to have been made with
Fontographer version 3.5. That is a fine program for individual font-
makers such as me, but I rather suspect that Monotype use more
sophisticated proprietary software. In other words, I suspect that this
font might be an illegal rip-off of TNR. I have queried this with
Monotype but have not yet received a reply. It might be wise to avoid
this font until the matter is cleared up. If anyone can give reliable
information about Times New Arabic, I would be very grateful.

Of course, if all else fails, you can download the Translit font from my
WWW page (URL below). That font is completely non-standard, ugly,
clumsy, amateurish and altogether horrible. In fact, its only discernable
virtue is that it is free of charge for academic use ...  :-)
I welcome suggestions about improving it.

All the best.

Alec.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
4)
Date: 16 Dec 1999
From: Srpko Lestaric <srpkole at EUnet.yu>
Subject: METimes Response

Hi Carmen,
If you would mind for (Z)DMG system of transliteration (the very best one in
my opinion), visit http://accurapid.com/journal/ ; after that go to
/11plea.htm. There you can download a font of TmsRoman family, easy to use,
with a short manual, free of charge. It is for MS Windows/MS Word.
Srpko

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 16 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Thu Dec 16 22:46:41 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Thu, 16 Dec 1999 15:46:41 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:Moussoul Dialect Responses
Message-ID: <THU.16.DEC.1999.154641.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Thu 16 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Moussoul Dialect Responses
2) Subject: Moussoul Dialect Responses
3) Subject: Moussoul Dialect Responses

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 16 Dec 1999
From: Srpko Lestaric <srpkole at EUnet.yu>
Subject: Moussoul Dialect Responses

To Frederic Lagrange:

Perhaps try these:
- Jastrow, Otto: Die mesopotamisch-arabischen qeltu-Dialekt, 1, Phonologie
und Morphologie, Wiesbaden 1978
- Jastrow, Otto: Die mesopotamisch-arabischen qeltu-Dialekt, 2, volks
kundliche Texte in elf Dialekten, Wiesbaden 1981
- Al-Bakri, Hazim: diraasaat fii al-3aammiyya al-mauSiliyya wa
muqaaranatuhaa ma3a al-alfaaZ al-3aammiyya fii al-aqaaliim al-3arabiyya,
523p., maTba3at asad, Baghdad, 1972.
- Al-Chalabi, Dawud: kalimaat faarisiyya musta3mala fii 3aammiyyat
al-mauSil, maTba3at al-3aanii, Baghdad, 1960.

Srpko Lestaric

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date: 16 Dec 1999
From: Stefan Reichmuth <stefan.reichmuth at ruhr-uni-bochum.de>
Subject: Moussoul Dialect Responses

There is an article by Otto Jastrow in one of the earlier issues of
<Zeitschrift fuer Arabische Linguistik (ZAL), in the eighties, about Mossul
Christian Arabic. Just check. Stefan Reichmuth

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
3)
Date: 16 Dec 1999
From: Andrew Freeman <andyf at umich.edu>
Subject: Moussoul Dialect Responses

Jeez ---- I thought they spoke Kurdish in Mosul.
Shows you how little I know.

Andy
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 16 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Thu Dec 16 22:51:45 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Thu, 16 Dec 1999 15:51:45 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:NCOLCTL Call
Message-ID: <THU.16.DEC.1999.155145.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Thu 16 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: NCOLCTL Call

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 16 Dec 1999
From: Scott McGinnis <smcginnis at nflc.org>
Subject: NCOLCTL Call


The deadline for proposals for poster sessions at The Third Annual
Conference of the National Council of Organizations of Less Commonly Taught
Languages (NCOLCTL) has been extended to JANUARY 31, 2000. Guidelines
regarding proposal submission may still be found at the website of:

www.councilnet.org/pages/CNet_Announcements.html#NCOLCTL3

If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me at the address
below.


Scott McGinnis
Executive Director
National Council of Organizations of Less Commonly Taught Languages

Senior Associate for Projects
National Foreign Language Center
1619 Massachusetts Avenue NW, #400
Washington, DC  20036

voice: 202-667-8100  ext. 15
fax: 202-667-6907

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 16 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Thu Dec 16 22:54:28 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Thu, 16 Dec 1999 15:54:28 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:mitjatlig
Message-ID: <THU.16.DEC.1999.155428.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Thu 16 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: mitjatlig (jet lag response)

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 16 Dec 1999
From: Stefan Reichmuth <stefan.reichmuth at ruhr-uni-bochum.de>
Subject: mitjatlig (jet lag response)

As a Sudanist I would recommend <jatlaga/ part. majatlag or mitjatlig>, in
literary Arabic - with due respect to the Language Academies -  perhaps
<jatlaqa, mutajatliq>? Sounds fairly expressive, doesn't it? Stefan
Reichmuth

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 16 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Thu Dec 16 22:49:40 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Thu, 16 Dec 1999 15:49:40 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:ACOR Announcement
Message-ID: <THU.16.DEC.1999.154940.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Thu 16 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: ACOR Announcement

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 16 Dec 1999
From: Bonnie Glover Stalls <bstalls at isearch.com>
Subject: ACOR Announcement

TITLE: FELLOWSHIPS AND AWARDS - ASOR

> -----------------------------------------------------------------------
> SPONSOR: American Schools of Oriental Research (ASOR)
> PURPOSE: To support fellowships for various fields of study.
>
> DEADLINE: February 1, 2000 (check for other deadlines for each
> opportunity)
>
> SUMMARY: There are fifteen (15) opportunities listed below from
> different center's within the American Schools of Oriental Research.
> *********************************************************************
> THE AMERICAN CENTER OF ORIENTAL RESEARCH (AMMAN)
> Deadline for all applications: February 1, 2000
>
> The Kress Fellowship In The Art and Archaeology of Jordan: One or more
> three- to six-month fellowships for pre-doctoral students completing
> dissertation research in an art historical topic. History of art is
> defined to include: art history, archaeology, architectural history,
> and in some cases classical studies. Applicants must be American Ph.D.
> candidates or those who have matriculated at U.S. institutions. The
> maximum award is $14,000. Subject to funding.
>
> United States Information Agency (USIA) Fellowships
> USIA/CAORC Fellowships: Four or more two- to six-month fellowships for
> pre-doctoral students and post-doctoral scholars. Fields of study
> include all areas of the humanities and social sciences. Topics should
> contribute to scholarship in Near Eastern Studies. U.S. citizenship

URL :
http://www.usalert.com/htdoc/usoa/fnd/any/any/proc/any/asor12049801a.htm

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 16 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Thu Dec 16 22:52:38 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Thu, 16 Dec 1999 15:52:38 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:Compounding response
Message-ID: <THU.16.DEC.1999.155238.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Thu 16 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Compounding response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 16 Dec 1999
From: "N. Heer" <heer at u.washington.edu>
Subject: Compounding response

	I haven't followed this thread too closely, but has anyone
mentioned the classical Arabic sources on naHt (compounding)?  Two works
at hand which have sections on naHt are al-Suyuti's _al-Muzhir_, Vol. I,
pp. 482-485 in the Cairo edition of Muhammad Abu al-Fadl Ibrahim, et al.,
and Ibn Faris's _al-Sahibi fi Fiqh al-Lughah_, Beirut 1963, p. 271.

					Nicholas Heer

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 16 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Fri Dec 17 16:02:01 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Fri, 17 Dec 1999 09:02:01 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:jet lag
Message-ID: <FRI.17.DEC.1999.090201.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Fri 17 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: jet lag
2) Subject: jet lag

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 17 Dec 1999
From: GSalib at aol.com
Subject: jet lag

The translation might be as follows:

Ta'akhkhur fi t-ta-'aklum az-zamani.

Laa shukr 'ala waagib.
Galila Salib  (E-mail:   GSalib at aol.com)
Happy season.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date: 17 Dec 1999
From: "Kaye, Alan" <akaye at Exchange.FULLERTON.EDU>
Subject: jet lag

yaa 'ayyuhaa zzumalaa',

Stefan's coiage is a good one.  However, most native speakers have told me
that use farq ulwaqt ('difference of time'), lit. for this.

salaamaat wa maraaHib,

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 17 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Fri Dec 17 15:59:12 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Fri, 17 Dec 1999 08:59:12 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:METimes thanks
Message-ID: <FRI.17.DEC.1999.085912.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Fri 17 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: METimes thanks

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 17 Dec 1999
From: Carmen Cross <cross_31 at hotmail.com>
Subject: METimes thanks

I would like to thank everyone who responded to my query about an Arabic
transliteration font.  Your suggestions are very helpful to me :))))

Carmen

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 17 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Fri Dec 17 15:58:33 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Fri, 17 Dec 1999 08:58:33 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:Translit Font URL correction
Message-ID: <FRI.17.DEC.1999.085833.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Fri 17 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Translit Font URL correction

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 17 Dec 1999
From: T.A. MCALLISTER" <ecl6tam at lucs-01.novell.leeds.ac.uk>
Subject: Translit Font URL correction

Dear All,

In my response to Carmen, I included the "URL below" from which
my Translit font could be downloaded, but the address was trimmed
off by the list.

Here it is again:
http://www.leeds.ac.uk/iss/applications/fonts.html

Alec McAllister, University of Leeds.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 17 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Dec 20 21:39:56 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 20 Dec 1999 14:39:56 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN: JAIS Articles online
Message-ID: <MON.20.DEC.1999.143956.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 20 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: JAIS Article online
2) Subject: JAIS Articles address correction and additional info

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 20 Dec 1999
From: Joseph Norment Bell <joseph.bell at msk.uib.no>
Subject: JAIS Article online

The pre-publication version of the following article in Volume 2(1998-99)
has been posted:

3.Pavel Pavlovitch. Qad kunna la na'budu 'llaha wa-la na'rifuhu. On the
Problem of the Pre-Islamic Lord of the Ka'ba. Pre-Publication Version.
(Adobe Acrobat PDF file, pp. 49-74). This is a temporary posting. Readers
noticing spelling, formatting, or other errors are requested to notify
joseph.bell at msk.uib.no. HTML version to be posted later.

Regards,

Joseph Bell

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date: 20 Dec 1999
From: Joseph Norment Bell <joseph.bell at msk.uib.no>
Subject: JAIS Articles address correction and additional info

It seems that in the announcments concerning three new articles in volume 2
(1998-99) of the Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies, I neglected to give
the Journal's Web address, which is:

www.uib.no/jais

The articles in question:

1. Ibrahim Taha. Openness and Closedness: Four Categories of Closurization
in Modern
Arabic Fiction. (Adobe Acrobat PDF file, pp. 1-23).

Abstract: The discussion of the four categories of ending and closure in
modern Arabic literature in terms of openness and closedness clearly
indicates the interrelations between the ending and the model of the textual
reality, and the interrelations between this model and the extra-literary
reality. It seems that when the historical, and especially the political and
the social reality slaps writers across the face and stands before them in
all its might and immediacy, they do not remain indifferent and write a
literature with optimistic, promising, and closed endings; and vice versa: a
text with a model of reality which does not relate to a well defined piece
of history ends with a more open type of ending and becomes a closure in the
reader.

2. Celia E. Rothenberg. A Review of the Anthropological Literature in
English on the Palestinian Hamula and the Status of Women. (Adobe Acrobat
PDF file,  pp. 24-48).

Abstract: The following is a survey of the anthropological literature in
English on the Palestinian hamula, the extended family or clan, and
Palestinian women?s lives in the West Bank. Both areas of the literature are
in certain respects problematic; in particular, actors? agency and women?s
experiences are often overlooked. The article concludes by presenting the
notion of social geography?a concept which looks at how the geographical
location of neighbors, friends, and family, as well as ideas of relatedness,
create ties and shape the way women practice and experience social
relations. Recognizing the importance of social geography may provide a way
of wedding these two areas of the literature and addressing some of its gaps.

3.Pavel Pavlovitch. Qad kunna la na'budu 'llaha wa-la na'rifuhu. On the
Problem of the Pre-Islamic Lord of the Ka'ba. Pre-Publication Version.
(Adobe Acrobat PDF file, pp. 49-74). This is a temporary posting. The final
file will be posted in a few weeks, when this notice will be removed.
Readers noticing spelling, formatting, or other errors are requested to
notify joseph.bell at msk.uib.no. HTML version to be posted later.

Abstract: This article deals with the problem of the pre-Islamic Lord of the
Ka'ba. An attempt is made to critically review the accepted theory that
Allah had been the main deity of this shrine long before Islam was revealed
to the Prophet Muhammad. The evidence of scripture and our other sources
suggests that the heathen Arabs may not have been particularly familiar with
the notion of Allah as the greatest deity reigning over a swarm of lesser
idols. Deities other than Allah were apparently greatly revered in the
Ka'ba, and their role as lords of the sanctuary cannot be easily discarded.
As for the concept of Allah as the main deity in the Ka'ba, the evidence
seems to stem from the early Islamic period, when the monotheistic notion of
God prevailed and brought with it a new understanding of history as a
sequence of monotheistic prophecies beginning with the very creation of the
world. This concept appears to be mainly responsible for the emergence of
the belief that Allah was present in people?s faith from the days of Adam
until the final reincarnation of His religion inMuhammad?s da'wa.

These are temporary postings. The final files will be posted in a few weeks.
Readers noticing spelling, formatting, or other errors are requested to
notify joseph.bell at msk.uib.no. HTML versions to be posted later.

In Volume 1(1996-97), one article is delayed for technical reasons:

Petra G. Schmidl. Two Early Arabic Sources on the Magnetic Compass. Pp. 81-XX.

Abstract: In this paper two previously unpublished texts on the magnetic
compass from the medieval Islamic world will be discussed, the first by the
Yemeni Sultan al Ashraf (ca. 1290) and the second by the Cairene astronomer
Ibn Sim'un (ca. 1300). These two treatises constitute the earliest known
evidence attesting the use of the magnetic compass for the determination of
the qibla, the sacred direction of Islam. A brief introduction glimpses at
history of the magnetic compass in Europe and China and mentions previously
known early Arabic sources on the instrument and its use. This is followed
by some remarks on the authors and the manuscripts, the Arabic texts with
English translations, and comments on problems encountered while working on
the texts.

Regards,

Joseph Bell

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 20 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Dec 20 22:11:40 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 20 Dec 1999 15:11:40 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LIT:PROTA Query
Message-ID: <MON.20.DEC.1999.151140.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 20 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: PROTA Query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 20 Dec 1999
From: Carmen Cross <cross_31 at hotmail.com>
Subject: PROTA Query

Dear Listmembers :))

I am searching for information of PROTA (Project of Translation from Arabic
Literature) , founded and directed by Salma Khadra al-Jayyusi.  I am
interested in becoming directly involved with this noble project.

As always, any information is very appreciated,

I would like to wish everyone health and happiness during the holiday
season,

Carmen

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 20 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Dec 20 21:20:45 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 20 Dec 1999 14:20:45 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LIT:Arab Women Authors Response
Message-ID: <MON.20.DEC.1999.142045.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 20 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Arab Women Authors Response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 20 Dec 1999
From: Haseeb Shehadeh <Haseeb.Shehadeh at helsinki.fi>
Subject: Arab Women Authors Response

See Joseph T. Zeidan, Bibliography of Women?s Literature in the Modern Arab
World 1800?1996. Beirut 1999, 783 pp. in ARABIC.
Haseeb Shehadeh

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 20 Dec 1999


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Dec 20 22:12:50 1999
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 20 Dec 1999 15:12:50 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:Transliteration Fonts: the Jaghbub package
Message-ID: <MON.20.DEC.1999.151250.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 20 Dec 1999
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Transliteration Fonts: the Jaghbub package

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 20 Dec 1999
From: Albrecht Hofheinz <Hofheinz at wiko-berlin.de>
Subject: Transliteration Fonts: the Jaghbub package

While C. Buck's New World Transliterator is shareware, there is a
completely free package of high-quality transliteration fonts
available for the Macintosh. It has been used successfully for a
decade now in publications by Brill, Hurst, Northwestern University
Press, and others.

The package includes diacritic versions of Times, Palatino,
Helvetica, Geneva, Monaco, Courier, and New York. Both Type 1 and
TrueType versions are available. The package is easy to install and
use, and can be used for Arabic, Persian, Turkish, various African
languages, and others.

Notice that there are are also several tools available for sorting,
de-diacriticizing, converting from other fonts (such as METimes) to
Jaghbub, and dealing with diacritic database files found on the Web
(such as the Melvyl catalog).

To download, visit

http://www.hf-fak.uib.no/Institutter/smi/ksv/Jaghbub.html


Here is an excerpt from the description:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Arabic Macintosh: Transliteration
------------------------------------------------------------------------

The Jaghbub font package

This is a set of fonts for use in Middle Eastern languages
transliterated to the Latin scripts. They have the most common
diacritics used in transliteration of Arabic and Persian in various
transliteration / transcription formats. The fonts are modifications
of standard Times, Helvetica and Palatino, and will print on any
printer in a quality similar to those fonts. Included in the package
are keyboard layouts to facilitate typing in these fonts, and various
tools based on them.
There are three TrueType fonts in the normal range of Roman, Bold,
Italics and BoldItalics. They are:

*	Jaghbub, which is based on Times
*	Koufra, which is based on Palatino
*	Bairut, which is based on Helvetica.

In addition, there are four screen fonts which are in bitmaps only.
They are more prosaically named

*	Courier D
*	Geneva D
*	Monaco D
*	New York D.

They are mainly there because e.g. Times, and thus Jaghbub, is not
very pleasant to work with on screen. All these seven fonts share the
same characters in the same layout, so that a text written in one
font can be changed to any other among the seven with all diacritics
intact.
In the following the complete set is described as the "Jaghbub package".
The fonts contain these characters:

*	The standard A-Z character set and normal European
diacritics, unchanged from the origin font. Thus these fonts may be
used for normal non-tranliteration texts as well.
*	SDTHZ with dot under (all in upper and lower case)
*	DT with line under
*	G with dot above
*	G with caron (small v above)
*	H with curly line below (for German translit. of kh)
*	AIUEO with macron (line above)
*	Dotless i / Dotted I
*	Hamza
*	'Ain
*	Schwa (upside-down e)
*	Yumushak G (= g with breve; curve above) *

Additionally, these non-width diacritics may be used with any
following character:

*	Dot below
*	Dot above (low position for lower case, high for upper case letters)
*	Macron (low / high)
*	Non-width accent aigu / grave (low / high)
*	Caron
*	Cedille
*	Two dots below *
*	Line under *

(* = currently in Jaghbub 4.1 only)

With the fonts follows a keyboard layout that places the diacritics
in relatively logical places. E.g., for typing emphatic s, press the
Option key + s; for long a, press Option + a, etc.


Extras for Jaghbub etc files

These fonts actually have a long history, the current version is
"Generation 4". Generation 1 dates back to 1987. In the course of
these years, I have entertained myself by trying to make some tools
for working with Jaghbub files. I have included some of them as
"freebies" in the jaghbub.extras.sea file. They are not required for
running the fonts, they are only there if you want to play with them.
One problem concerns using texts written in Jaghbub in catalogues
that sort titles alphabetically. The computer does not know that the
'h/dot under' in Muhammad should be treated as an h. Either it will
divide the word, and sort it as Mu Ammad, or it will put the h/dot
after Z, sorted as Muzzammad.
I tried solving this by asking a colleague to change the system
resource in the Mac operating system that organizes sorting, so that
the h/dot is sorted as normal h. This works, but unfortunately very
few programs use the System's sorting resources, neither FileMaker or
Word does that. So for these programs, it was a wasted effort. But
HyperCard, Excel and some other programs will sort according the
selected sorting resource. Since it was of limited value, I have not
upgraded this resource to System 7, it will only work under System 6.
You must be able to use ResEdit to install it.
With FileMaker Pro, however, you got the ability to choose which
national alphabetic order you sort your database after. So, I created
a "Diacritic nation" and made a sorting order for this, where again
h/dot is sorted as h, a/macron as a, ain/hamza ignored etc. It will
work for FileMaker Pro 1 and 2.x. Again, installation by ResEdit.
There are two orders, one locally here which adds diacritics to the
Scandinavian sorting order, and one based on the US English order. US
users can ignore the first of the two. The file is called XLATs.
Another issue was compatibility with other users. I edit a journal
which is printed in Jaghbub, and I occasionally get articles written
in some other fonts that contain diacritics. To help me in dealing
with this, I use a tool which translates the diacritics of these
fonts to the Jaghbub system (I did not create the tools, a colleague
here in Bergen did). I have included two of them, one called MidEast
Times > Jaghbub and the other ME Geneva > Jaghbub; each for the font
by that name (There is apparently also a ME Times font, different
from MidEast Times, that follows the ME Geneva setup: Use that filter
for this). Drop any text-only file on top of this utility (or
"paradoid"; Paradigm-let), and it will create a new one called
[name].PD with the converted text. It only works on "text" files,
i.e. saved as "text only" under your word processor's "Save As"
option, so formatting is normally lost. But I include it here for
those who wish to use it.
Sometimes, diacritics must be removed, i.e. when a bibliography
written in Jaghbub is to be included in an e-mail message or sent to
a user who does not have the font. Another similar conversion tool,
Remove diacritics will do that. In the Jaghbub Extras folder, I also
include another couple of these small converters, one (Remove diacs /
rtf) will remove the Jaghbub codes as they appear in a RTF (Rich
Transfer) format, replacing them with non-diacritic characters. That
might be useful if you want to remove them from a formatted file
without losing the formatting - Export as RTF, drop it on top of this
converter, re-import the result into the word processor, and h/dot
under has become h.
Another, experimental, converter allows you to use transcription in
Web documents. It is based on the assumption that you create your
file (containing Jaghbub or one of the other fonts) in a word
processor, then export it in RTF format and use the well known
"rtftohtml" programme to convert it to a Web (HTML) document. In that
case, pass the RTF document through the Jaghbub rtf > html ASCII
paradoid before passing the result through "rtftohtml". This inserts
character codes which, when put on a Web server and read in Netscape
or MacWeb, will display Jaghbub characters correctly. Of course, the
user must then choose one of the Jaghbub fonts as his display font in
his/her own browser, so it requires an effort on the reader's part.
Equally of course, such pages will be pretty unreadable by anyone
with a PC, UNIX or on a Mac without the Jaghbub fonts. For this
reason, it probably still advisable not to use these diacritic fonts
on Web pages except in closely guarded circles; but anyway, this tool
will allow you to do it.
A third sometimes useful option is to use bibliographic references
downloaded from Melvyl or other on-line sources that can give
diacritics in Library of Congress codes (actually EBCDIC codes
surrounded by <>). A third paradoid (LC Diacritics) will convert such
a captured Telnet file from LC codes to Jaghbub.
The fourth may have its uses, although it was originally made as an
experiment or, perhaps, rather a toy. I played with the idea of
converting automatically from Arabic script to Jaghbub and back. From
Arabic to Jaghbub is fairly pointless, adding vowels to the result is
often more work than typing from scratch. But a Jaghbub file can be
converted the other way, to Arabic, with vowel marks deleted or
retained. For Arabic speakers, this may be equally pointless, but
many Western Arabists will type more quickly in English
transliteration than in the Arabic script on an Arabic keyboard. This
converter allows you to do this, enter the Arabic text in
transliteration using Jaghbub or one of its sisters, and then convert
the text into the Arabic script afterwards. Normally, such a
conversion cannot sort out all ambiguities, and will require some
cleaning up or at least proofreading afterwards. There is a separate
document that explains how the conversion process is done, and how
one most speedily can adapt the Jaghbub text for optimal conversion.
There are three files, Jaghb > Arab vowels goes from transcription to
Arabic script and retains the vowels; Jaghb > Arab NoVowels does the
same but deletes the vowels for a "cleaner", more normal Arabic text,
and Arab > Jaghb takes a crack at transliterating Arabic script to
Jaghbub; making some guesses at word forms to insert some vowels into
the text (mhmd = Muhammad etc.).

Knut S. Vik?r


************************************
Dr. Albrecht Hofheinz

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 20 Dec 1999