From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov  1 18:23:49 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 1 Nov 2000 12:23:49 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:Farsi on MS Word responses
Message-ID: <WED.1.NOV.2000.122349.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 01 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Farsi on MS Word response
2) Subject: Farsi on MS Word response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 01 Nov 2000
From: J.Schneider at epixtech.com
Subject: Farsi on MS Word response

We have discovered that different fonts can make a big difference.  Some of
the newer OpenType fonts handle digraphs and letter combinations better
than others.  Try the Arial Unicode MS font.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date: 01 Nov 2000
From: GnhBos at aol.com
Subject: Farsi on MS Word response

Dear Karin,

Please advise me of the solutions that you are receiving.
I get a lot of inquiries about that, and I would like to be
able to help those people too. Thanks.

Best Regards,

George N. Hallak
AramediA Group
761 Adams Street
Boston, MA 02122, USA

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 01 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov  1 18:25:00 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 1 Nov 2000 12:25:00 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:Hasan Al-'Attar query
Message-ID: <WED.1.NOV.2000.122500.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 01 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Hasan Al-'Attar query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 01 Nov 2000
From: Peter Gran <pgran at astro.temple.edu>
Subject: Hasan Al-'Attar query


Dear colleagues,
A question if you please.

I am interested in the career of the Egyptian Shaykh and language
teacher Hasan al-'Attar. Netscape shows me a citation appearing under
his name suggesting a book in Spanish has appeared in the mid 1990's
about him and my question is what is the full citation of it.

What I read on Netscape makes it entitled Hasan al-'Attar y la alfaz
al-lughawiya:(then more ambiguously)jasayuha wa anwa'iha---  compiled or
written by several authors, one of whom is Hasan, 'Abd...

This should be routine. First of all the bibliography listing it is on
the net but when I look in it this book isn't there.

It should still be routine. I look in RLIN, a colleague looks in First
Search- no dice.

So, does any one read the Arabic Department of the Philology Faculty at
Complutense U. in Madrid's bulletin (Boletin de Novedades)where Netscape
discerns this or is Netscape to be thought of like a good many other
research assistants whose names I have now forgotten.

Any precise information or suggestions would be appreciated
yours,
Peter Gran

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 01 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov  1 18:32:50 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 1 Nov 2000 12:32:50 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:LIT:Ulysses responses
Message-ID: <WED.1.NOV.2000.123250.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 01 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Ulysses response
1) Subject: Ulysses response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 01 Nov 2000
From: Rasheed El-Enany <r.el-enany at exeter.ac.uk>
Subject: Ulysses response

The Egyptian playwright, Tawfiq al-Hakim has written several works based on
Greek mythology, including Pygmalion and Oedipus among others.

Professor R. El-Enany
University of Exeter

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date: 01 Nov 2000
From: Dil Parkinson <dil at byu.edu>
Subject: Ulysses response

The comic Egyptian playwright Ali Salim has a satyrical Oedipus take-off.
Most readers apparently interpret the Oedipus charater as representing
Gamal Abd Al-Nasser.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 01 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov  1 18:42:38 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 1 Nov 2000 12:42:38 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:Arabic Numerals responses
Message-ID: <WED.1.NOV.2000.124238.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 01 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Arabic Numerals response
2) Subject: Arabic Numerals response
3) Subject: Arabic Numerals response
4) Subject: Arabic Numerals response
5) Subject: Arabic Numerals response
6) Subject: Arabic Numerals thanks

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 01 Nov 2000
From: "Henry C. Farrell" <charfar at worldnet.att.net>
Subject: Arabic Numerals response

I understand that Smith and Karpinski's "The Hindu-Arabic Numerals",
published in 1911, is still considered authoritative.

They give a table of many different forms of Hindu numerals used in India in
Medieval times in place value reckoning and with a symbol for zero. (p. 49)
Some are very like the American/European versions, some more like the ones
we think of as Arabic.

They also explain the the Arabs have always known that the numerals came
from India and have always called them "Hindi".  (p. 4)  They also state
that both forms of the numerals were is use in the Arab world in Al Mamun's
time (800's). (p. 98)  And that the one form was probably brought to Europe,
perhaps many times, by traders and travelers and used some in commerce
before 900 AD.
And that by 1003, even scholars of Europe had learned about the numerals
because of the introduction of Arabic learning.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date: 01 Nov 2000
From:  J.Schneider at epixtech.com
Subject: Arabic Numerals response

I cannot answer your questions authoritatively, but I will reference you to
a couple of books.  There is a brief chapter on numerology in "The World's
Writing Systems" by Peter T. Daniels and William Bright, pp 795-805.  This
book references several others.  One that may be helpful is "From One to
Zero: A Universal History of numbers" by Georges, Ifrah 1985.

Wayne S.
Provo, UT

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
3)
Date: 01 Nov 2000
From: Safa Jubran <jubran at osite.com.br>
Subject: Arabic Numerals response

Yes the numbers used by the most of arabic countries ara the 'hindi'
numbers, and the numbers used by the ocident ara the arabic ones. I can say
that an arabic manuscript from 13 century that i examined contains the hindi
numeral as still used now.
Safa

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
4)
Date: 01 Nov 2000
From: Veracocha7 at aol.com
Subject: Arabic Numerals response

Dil...

This issue has come up a lot in my studies.....the consensus seems to be that
the ancient "Arabic" numerals are the same as what we use.  Whereas, the
numbers used in the Middle East are "hindi" numbers.  As far as when or why
the switch was made by these countries...I don't know.  I just know that the
number issue is all backwards...us using Arabic numerals and Arabs using
Indian numbers.  Hope this helps a little...

V/R

Chris Holman

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
5)
Date: 01 Nov 2000
From: dwilmsen <dwilmsen at aucegypt.edu>
Subject: Arabic Numerals response

Hi Dil,

I can't answer the question about Spanish numbers.  I suppose they are
more-or-less the same as other numbers used in European languages.  Especially
when they are represented as figures and not words.  At least the ones I know
are, but they are from modern Spanish.

After I learned that the numerals in Arabic are called /arqaam hindiyya/ I
assumed that they were so called because the Arabs adopted them from the
Indians.  The west call their numerals "Arabic" because they adopted them from
the Arabs.  (This is occasionally cause for some amusement around here.)

I seem to recall that this was asserted to me as fact in my Arab history
classes.  Perhaps Hitti would have a windy discussion of it.

A point of interest:  in playing backgammon, the Persian names are used for
some throws of the dice - maybe all of them. I don't play backgammon, so I
can't give you a complete list of the throws.

All the best

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
6)
Date: 01 Nov 2000
From: Dil Parkinson <dil at byu.edu>
Subject: Arabic Numerals response

Thanks for the responses.  I searched on Yahoo for this topic, and got the
following interesting site, if anyone wants to actually see a chart of some
of the early forms:

http://www.gosai.com/chaitanya/saranagati/html/vishnu_mjs/math/math_4.html

Dil

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 01 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Thu Nov  2 16:04:15 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Thu, 2 Nov 2000 10:04:15 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:LIT:another Ulysses response
Message-ID: <THU.2.NOV.2000.100415.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Thu 02 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Ulysses response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 02 Nov 2000
From: Rahel Halabe <rahel at telus.net>
Subject: Ulysses response

The Ulysses Trilogy by Saad Elkhadem
Published in both Arabic and  English by York Press, Fredericton, Canada.
English translation ISBN 0-919966-63-2

Rahel

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 02 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Thu Nov  2 16:07:51 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Thu, 2 Nov 2000 10:07:51 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:Exeter Conference Final Call/Program
Message-ID: <THU.2.NOV.2000.100751.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Thu 02 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Exeter Conference Final Call /Program

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 02 Nov 2000
From:
Subject: Exeter Conference Final Call /Program

British Computer Society
Natural Language Translation Specialist Group
URL: http://www.bcs.org.uk/siggroup/nalatran/


MT 2000 - MACHINE TRANSLATION AND MULTILINGUAL APPLICATIONS IN=20
THE NEW MILLENNIUM

University of Exeter, United Kingdom: 19-22 November 2000


SECOND and FINAL CALL FOR PARTICIPATION

The Natural Language Translation Specialist Group of the British
Computer Society and the University of Exeter announce an
international conference to be held at the University of Exeter, UK
from Sunday evening 19 November to Wednesday morning 22 November 2000.
The event is a follow-up of the successful conference 'Machine
Translation: Ten Years On' held in 1994 at Cranfield University, UK.

Against the backdrop of an increasingly multilingual society, MT 2000
looks at the main challenges to MT and multilingual NLP at the dawn of
the new millennium. The focus of this year's conference is not only
recent machine translation research and products, but also the latest
multilingual developments in general. There are contributions from
researchers, users, educationalists and exhibitors in the field of
multilingual language engineering. Further information can be obtained
from our website at http://www.bcs.org.uk/siggroup/sg37.htm.

There will be daily keynote addresses as well as individual papers.
All papers presented at the conference will be available as a volume
of proceedings at the conference. A selection of papers may be
published in book form after the conference. There is also an
exhibition area for producers of multilingual software and a bookstall.

Attendees might like to know that the annual ASLIB conference on
'Translating and the Computer' takes place in London on the preceding
Thursday/Friday 16-17 November. Further information can obtained from
their website at http://www.aslib.co.uk.


Keynote Speakers:

Martin Kay (Xerox PARC)
Jun-ichi Tsujii (University of Tokyo)
Yorick Wilks (Sheffield University)


Papers:=20

Details of all 31 accepted papers are on our web-site at=20
http://www.bcs.org.uk/siggroup/nalatran/mt2000/papers.htm


Location:

MT 2000 is being held at the Crossmeads Conference Centre at the
University of Exeter. Exeter is an historic city in the heart of Devon
in the South West of England. The campus is celebrated as one of  the
most beautiful in the United Kingdom. Exeter's international airport
is a few miles away. There are good rail and coach links with London,
Birmingham and other UK cities. Please see their website for further
information at http://www.exeter.ac.uk.

Information will be available about a number of local attractions for
people accompanying attendees.


Programme=20

******************************************************

MONDAY 20 NOVEMBER

09.15
KEYNOTE SPEAKER
Martin Kay, Xerox PARC
Triangulation in Translation

THEMATIC GROUPING: MACHINE TRANSLATION 1

10.00 (R)
Towards memory and template-based translation synthesis
Christos Malavazos, Stelios Piperidis and George Carayannis
National Technical University of Athens, Greece

10.30 (R)
Building a lexicon for an English-Basque MT system from heterogeneous
wide-coverage dictionaries
Arantxa Diaz de Ilarraza, Aingeru Mayor, Kepa Sarasola
University of the Basque Country

11.00 COFFEE

11.30 (R)
An alignment architecture for translation memory bootstrapping
Ioannis Triantafyllou, Iason Demiros, Christos Malavazos, Stelios =
Piperidis
National Technical University of Athens, Greece

12.00 (R)
Applying machine translation resources for cross-language information =
access
from spoken documents
Gareth Jones
University of Exeter, UK

12.30 (R)
Effectiveness of layering translation rules based on transition networks =
in
machine translation using inductive learning with genetic algorithms
Hiroshi Echizen-ya, Kenji Araki, Yoshio Momouchi and Koji Tochinai
Hokkaido University, Japan

13.00 LUNCH

THEMATIC GROUPING: MULTILINGUAL RESOURCES AND TOOLS 1

14.30 (R)
EMILLE: building a corpus of South Asian languages
Anthony McEnery, Paul Baker, Rob Gaizauskas and Hamish Cunningham
Lancaster University, UK

15.00 (R)
Reusability of wide-coverage linguistic resources in the construction of
multilingual technical documentation
Arantxa Diaz de Ilarraza, Aingeru Mayor and Kepa Sarasola
University of the Basque Country

15.30 (S)
A part-of-speech tagger for Esperanto oriented to MT
Carlo Minnaja and Laura Paccagnella
University of Padova, San Marino

16.00 TEA=20

THEMATIC RESOURCES: MULTILINGUAL RESOURCES AND TOOLS 2

16.30 (R)
>>From the UNL Hypergraph to GETA's Multilevel Tree
Etienne Blanc
GETA, CLIPS, EMAG, Grenoble, France

17.00 (R)
Semi-automatic construction of multilingual lexicons
Lynne Cahill
University of Brighton, UK

17.30 (R)
Evaluation of statistical tools for automatic extraction of lexical
correspondences between parallel texts
Olivier Kraif
University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France

18.00 END

18.30-20.00 DINNER


***************************************

TUESDAY 21 NOVEMBER

09.15 KEYNOTE SPEAKER
Jun - Ichi Tsujii, University of Tokyo and UMIST
Japanese Experience in MT and Future Perspectives

THEMATIC GROUPING: MACHINE TRANSLATION 2

10.00 (R)
Machine translation by semantic features
Uzzi Ornan and Israel Gutter
Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Israel

10.30 COFFEE

11.00  (S)
Learning machine translation strategies using commercial systems: =
discovering
word reordering rules
Mikel L. Forcada
University of Alicante, Spain

11.25 (S)
Machine translation and multilingual communication on the internet
Muhammad Abdus Salam
Central Queensland University, Australia

11.50 (S)
An automated system for English-Arabic translation of scientific texts =
(SEATS)
Hoda M. O. Mokhtar, Nevin M. Darwish and Ahmed A. Rafea
Cairo University, Egypt

12.15 (S)
An example-based MT system in news items domain from English to Indian
languages
Sivaji Bandyopadhyay
Jadavpur University, Calcutta, India

13.00 LUNCH

THEMATIC GROUPING: ANAPHORA AND ELLIPSIS RESOLUTION

14.30 (R)
Semantic approach to bridging reference resolution
R.  Mu=F1oz, M. Saiz-Noeda, A. Su=E1rez and M. Palomar
University of Alicante, Spain

15.00 (R)
Evaluation environment for anaphora resolution=20
Catalina Barbu and Ruslan Mitkov
University of Wolverhampton, UK

15.30 (R)
NLP system oriented to anaphora resolution
Maximiliano Saiz-Noeda, Manual Palomar and David Farwell
New Mexico State University, USA

16.00  TEA

16.30 (R)
LINGUA: a robust architecture for text processing and anaphora =
resolution in
Bulgarian
Hristo Tanev and Ruslan Mitkov
University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria and University of Wolverhampton, UK

17.00 (R)=20
Grammar specification for the recognition of temporal expressions=20
Estela Sequete and Patricio Martinez-Barco=20
University of Alicante, Spain

17.30 (S)
VASISTH: an ellipsis resolution algorithm for Indian languages
L. Sobha and B. Patnaik
Mahatma Ghandi University, Kerala and Indian Institute of Technology, =
Kanpur,
India

18.00 END

19.30 CONFERENCE DINNER


***************************************


WEDNESDAY 22 NOVEMBER

THEMATIC GROUPING: AUTOMATIC ABSTRACTING AND GENERATION

10.00 (R)
Generating personal profiles
Jim Cowie, Sergei Nirenburg and Hugo Molina-Salgado
New Mexico State University, USA

10.30 (R)
A corpus-based English language assistant to Japanese software engineers
Masumi Narita
Software Research Centre, Tokyo, Japan

11.00 COFFEE

11.30 (R)
Generating from a discourse model
Rodolfo Delmonte, Dario Bianchi and Emanuele Pianta
University 'Ca Forscar', Venice

12.00 KEYNOTE SPEAKER
Yorick Wilks, University of Sheffield
Multilingual Extraction and MT

12.45 CONCLUDING REMARKS

13.00 LUNCH and DEPARTURE

******************************************************

Fees and Registration:

Conference fee:

					Standard	Members*
	Students

two and a half days		GBP 250	GBP 210	GBP 140
one day				GBP 120	GBP 100	GBP  70
half day (Wednesday)		GBP  60	GBP  50     GBP  35
   =20

* Discounted rates for members of BCS, IAMT, EAMT and ASLIB.


Accommodation and meals (including Banquet) from Sunday evening=20
to Wednesday morning

En-suite room			GBP 170

Standard room (limited no.)	GBP 140

Meals without accommodation	GBP  70


A discount of 10% will be allowed on the Conference Fees (only) for
payment before the end of September 2000.

Cancellation fee after end of October 2000: Any amount paid for
accommodation and/or  meals etc.=20

To register and to reserve accommodation please use this registration =
form


Registration for MT 2000:

Title: ________________________________________________
Name and initials: ____________________________________
Name for lapel label: _________________________________
Affiliation for lapel label: __________________________
Address: ______________________________________________
E-mail address: _______________________________________
Telephone no: _________________________________________
Fax no: _______________________________________________



Please specify any dietary or other requirements.

Payment must be made before or on arrival.

Any other arrangement must be made in advance of arrival by contacting
Mr. D.R.Lewis at Exeter University (d.r.lewis at exeter.ac.uk).

Methods of Payment

Either ...

By sterling cheque drawn on a U.K. bank made payable to Exeter
University, a/c MT 2000, addressed to Mr. D.R. Lewis, The Foreign
Language Centre,  University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QH, U.K.,=20

or,

By bank transfer to National Westminster Bank, Exeter University
branch (Sort Code: 600806), for the account of Exeter University,
account no: 00724890. Note: Please ensure your payment includes=20
all bank charges,

or,

By invoice (payment must reach us by 13 November 2000)=20
    Note: Please supply purchase order number if possible,

or,

By MasterCard/Visa credit card
  Please supply your 16 digit account number, expiry date, card
  holder's name and card holder's address if different from above.



Thankyou.

We look forward to seeing you at the Conference.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 02 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Thu Nov  2 16:05:01 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Thu, 2 Nov 2000 10:05:01 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:Hasan Al-Attar response
Message-ID: <THU.2.NOV.2000.100501.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Thu 02 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
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          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Hasan Al-Attar response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 02 Nov 2000
From: William J Kopycki Jr <kopycki at csd.uwm.edu>
Subject: Hasan Al-Attar response

Dr. Gran,

The search engine you used must have given you morphed results, that is,
what _appears_ to be a correct bibliographic citation is actually a
combination of two citations. Fortunately, the search engine Google tends
to cache a great number of pages whose real-time content has changed.

In any case, I believe the correct citation that you want is:

AUT: Thomas de Antonio, Clara Maria
TIT: Hasan al-'Attar y la literatura egipcia en la primera mitad del siglo
XIX.
PUB: Sevilla: Universidad, Facultad de Filologia, 1992
SIG: ARA 45-1-34
MAT: Literatura arabe s.19 Temas y motivos.
FEC: 1992.

Sincerely,

William Kopycki
Instructor/Project Assistant
School of Library and Information Science
University of Wisconsin--Milwaukee

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 02 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Tue Nov  7 00:05:23 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 6 Nov 2000 18:05:23 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:NACAL 29
Message-ID: <MON.6.NOV.2000.180523.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 06 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
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          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: NACAL 29

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 06 Nov 2000
From: Robin Thelwall & Rebecca Bradley <eubule at telusplanet.net>
Subject: NACAL 29

NACAL (North American Conference on Afroasiatic Linguistics)
29 will be held in Toronto from Friday 30 March - Sunday 1
April.  The American Oriental Society is also meeting that
weekend and there will be a joint session on the afternoon
of Friday.  The NACAL meeting is open to anyone interested.
Anyone interested in attending is asked to email:
Robin Thelwall <eubule at telusplanet.net> for further details
and registration.
Robin Thelwall

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 06 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Tue Nov  7 00:02:39 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 6 Nov 2000 18:02:39 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:Virginia/Yarmouk Summer 2001
Message-ID: <MON.6.NOV.2000.180239.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 06 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Virginia/Yarmouk Summer 2001

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 06 Nov 2000
From: Mohammed Sawaie <ms at virginia.edu>
Subject: Virginia/Yarmouk Summer 2001

The University of Virginia-Yarmouk University Summer Arabic Program
UVA in Jordan
			Summer 2001


The University of Virginia-Yarmouk University Summer Arabic Program
has been in operation since 1984. It is an intensive,
eight-week Program in Modern Standard Arabic, designed for
undergraduate and graduate students currently pursuing a
university degree. The Program focuses on all language
skills: listening, speaking, reading and writing. In
addition to Modern Standard Arabic, all students will take
a course in the Jordanian dialect. All courses will be
taught in Arabic. Instructors will be members of the
Yarmouk University faculty. Three levels of skill-based
instruction will be provided.


  * Intensive summer study of the Arabic Language at Yarmouk
UniversityIrbid, Jordan.
  *  Immersion in Arab Culture, and first-hand experience of
the Middle East through travel in the region.
  * Three levels of language instruction equivalent to
Second, Third, and Fourth year Arabic at the University of
Virginia.
  * Academic credit is transferable to your home institution
from Yarmouk University.
  * Cost is $3,365 + food and incidentals. This includes:

1.  International airfare (JFK-Amman-JFK).
2.  Accommodations in Yarmouk University dorms.
Tuition and Fees.
3.  Entry fees to archeological sites and two educational trips within Jordan.
  
 Students applying for the third and fourth year classes
are eligible for a Fulbright-Hayes grant.


PROGRAM DATES:
APPLICATION DEADLINE APRIL 6, 2001
PRE-DEPARTURE ORIENTATION AND GROUP TRAVEL JUNE 13, 2001
END OF PROGRAM AND RETURN TO NEW YORK AUGUST 12, 2001

For more information please Contact:
UVAYARMK at virginia.edu
Phone: (804) 982-2304
Fax: (804) 924-6977
Or visit our Web site at:
http://www.virginia.edu/~arabic/yarmuk_program.htm

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 06 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Tue Nov  7 00:07:26 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 6 Nov 2000 18:07:26 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:ALS 2001 Second Call
Message-ID: <MON.6.NOV.2000.180726.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 06 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: ALS 2001 Second Call

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 06 Nov 2000
From: Samira Farwaneh <s.farwaneh at m.cc.utah.edu>
Subject: ALS 2001 Second Call

Second Call For Papers

The Arabic Linguistics Society,
The University of Utah and
Brigham Young University

announce the

Fifteenth Annual Symposium on
Arabic Linguistics

to be held at

The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah

March 2-3 2001

Keynote Speaker: Stuart Davis, University of Indiana at Bloomington
Keynote Address: The Controversy over the Grammatical Status of Root
Consonants

Papers are invited on topics that deal with the application of current
linguistic theories and analyses to Arabic. Research in the following areas
of Arabic linguistics is encouraged: grammatical analysis (phonology,
morphology,  syntax, semantics), sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics,
discourse analysis,  historical linguistics, corpus linguistics, etc.

Persons interested in presenting papers are requested to submit a one-page
abstract giving the title of the paper, a brief statement of the topic, and
a  summary clearly stating how the topic will be developed (the reasoning,
data, or experimental results to be presented). Authors are requested to
beas specific  as possible in describing their topics. Abstracts should be
submitted by e-mail, where possible. The top lines of the message should
contain the authors name,  affiliation, address, phone number, e-mail
address, and the title of the paper.  The body of the abstract should then
follow after 4 blank lines. The heading  will be omitted before it is sent
to the members of the paper selection  committee. Please do not send
attachments. If submitted by mail,
both a disk copy and a hard copy are to be  included. Names are not to
appear on the abstract; instead, a 3x5 card with the  above information
should be enclosed. Twenty minutes will be allowed for each  presentation.

2000 ALS membership dues ($20 faculty, $15 students) and conference fees
($25 preregistered) are to be submitted with all abstracts and must be
received by the abstract deadline. Membership dues are non-refundable;
conference fees are refundable, if requested, only to those whose papers
are not accepted.

Deadline for Receipt of Abstracts
November 15 2000

Abstracts should be addressed to:
Tessa Hauglid
1346 South 2950 East
Spanish Fork UT 84660
Phone: 801-794-9387
E-Mail: tmh1 at mstar2.net

Other enquiries may be addressed to:
Samira Farwaneh
Voice: 801 581 4928
E-Mail: s.farwaneh at m.cc.utah.edu

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 06 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Tue Nov  7 00:09:41 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 6 Nov 2000 18:09:41 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:Acquisition of Arabic as L1 Query
Message-ID: <MON.6.NOV.2000.180941.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 06 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
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          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Acquisition of Arabic as L1 Query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 06 Nov 2000
From: Amr IBRAHIM <amr.ibrahim1 at libertysurf.fr>
Subject: Acquisition of Arabic as L1 Query

Supervising a graduate work on the acquisition of Arabic as a mother
tongue from a strictly linguistical point of view I noticed there were
nearly nothing writtten on the subject in English, French or Arabic. Is
there anybody working in the field? Is anyone familiar with serious
litterature about this question ?
With some of my colleagues I am planning to organise a meeting in Paris
at the end of 2001 to gather those who have something done in this
direction and wish to share their experience or look for new insights.
Therefore we would appreciate any kind of information related to the
acquisition of arabic as a mother thongue. We are also looking for
people interested by the meeting.
I shall post a summary as soon as the information received will deserve
it. Please feel free to answer in the language in which you feel more at
ease.

Amr Helmy IBRAHIM
amr.ibrahim1 at libertysurf.fr
Fax   33 1 48 00 09 42
-
Amr Helmy IBRAHIM
Professeur de Linguistique à l'Université de Franche-Comté

Responsable de la C.R.F.L.F.C.
Cellule de Recherche Fondamentale en Linguistique Française et Comparée
Centre Lucien Tesnières - Équipe d'accueil n° 2283

5, rue Louis Léon Lepoutre   94130 Nogent-sur-Marne (FRANCE)
Tel. 33 1 48 76 09 57   ou     33 6 62 00 09 57
Fax 33 1 48 00 09 42    ou     (sur portable)  33 6 62 20 09 57
Courriel / e-mail      amr.ibrahim1 at libertysurf.fr

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 06 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Tue Nov  7 00:12:56 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 6 Nov 2000 18:12:56 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:AUC Arabic Programs
Message-ID: <MON.6.NOV.2000.181256.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 06 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
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          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: AUC Arabic Programs

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 06 Nov 2000
From: NIHAL TAMRAZ <nitamraz at aucegypt.edu>
Subject: AUC Arabic Programs


The American University in Cairo
The Arabic Language Institute

The Arabic Language Institute offers intensive Arabic
language courses for students, businessmen, diplomats,
scholars and others needing to gain a broad command of
contemporary Arabic as quickly and as effectively as
possible.  For over sixty years, this program has
attracted students form the United States, Africa,
Asia and Europe, offering intensive courses in both
modern standard and Egyptian colloquial Arabic.  The
Arabic Language Institute administers two programs of
intensive study of Arabic: the Intensive Arabic Language
(ALIN) and the Center for Arabic Study Abroad (CASA).

I. The Intensive Arabic Language (ALIN):
The Intensive Arabic Language (ALIN) is comprised of the
Elementary Level, Intermediate Level, and Advanced Level.

i. The Elementary Level:
The course, for beginners, runs from September to May.
The main emphasis in this level is on modern standard
Arabic, but about 30% of class time is devoted to
Egyptian colloquial Arabic.   Students who successfully
completes the first year of intensive study with the
Arabic Language Institute can expect to possess a
working competence in reading and writing modern
standard Arabic and understanding and speaking
Egyptian colloquial or modern standard Arabic.
ii. The Intermediate Level:
Course are designed for those who have completed the
elementary level or who have studied two or more years
elsewhere and can demonstrate a similar level of competence.
Students who complete this second year should be able to
read and write modern standard Arabic with some fluency,
to pursue study in topics that specially interest them in
Arabic, and o converse freely in Arabic.  They thus get
an opportunity to acquire vocabulary and terminology
related to such special fields of interest as business
and diplomacy.
iii. The Advance Level:
Exceptional students may wish to take a third year of
advanced work in reading and writing and lecture courses
in special topics.  At the end of such a course a student
should be able to compete with Arab students at the
university level.


II. Center for Arabic Studies Abroad (CASA)

The Center for Arabic Studies Abroad (CASA) is an intensive
and advanced Arabic program for American graduate and
undergraduate students who have had at least two years
of instruction in Arabic.  CASA is a consortium of twenty-one
American universities including AUC.  It's objective is
to raise the level and broaden the base of Arabic language
competence in the American academic community.

Each year, this exclusive program offers grants to twenty-five
M.A. and Ph.D. students to participate in this program.
Students are chosen to participate in the program on the basis
of a competitive examination given ever February in the
United States.  They must be American citizens or permanent
residents, and be enrolled in a recognized institution of
learning in the US or Europe.

The CASA program has two components: the summer immersion
program and the full-year intensive Arabic study.
The summer program emphasises the spoken Arabic of
Cairo with some attention to modern standard Arabic.
Students in the full-year program develop a
facility in the use of the four major language skills:
speaking, listening, reading and writing.  In addition
to these programs, CASA provides a summer program for
professors of humanities alternating with a program for
teachers of as a foreign language.

The internationally recognized success of this program is
also manifested in the fact that about 90 percent of
Americans teaching Arabic in the United States have
come through CASA.  CASA is also well known to Arab
immigrants in the US, and Europe as a place where they
can send their children, as Edward Said puts it, "to learn
the language and culture of their heritage."   Said was
proud of his son Wadie, who in 1994, "perfected his quite
extraordinary command of Arabic at CASA in AUC.

Notable CASA graduates include Edward Walker, former
U.S. Ambassador to Egypt, as well as the president and
provost of the American University of Beirut
(AUB), John Waterbury and Peter Heath, respectively.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 06 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Tue Nov  7 00:13:44 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 6 Nov 2000 18:13:44 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:Where's Deeb?
Message-ID: <MON.6.NOV.2000.181344.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 06 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Where's Deeb?

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 06 Nov 2000
From:  Muhammad Deeb <mdeeb at gpu.srv.ualberta.ca>
Subject: Where's Deeb?

	My apologies to all friends and all lists for not being able to
respond to previous and forthcoming messages.  While I can send messages,
I haven't been able to open my Inbox since late Thursday (Nov 2, 2000).
This situation ironically defines a one-way electronic love; that's
electronic unrequited love.

	The problem can be one of many possibilities: (a) my system has
been infected with a virus; (b) I exceeded the server space quota, as I
receive an average daily harvest of 750 e-mail pieces; (c) something is
wrong with the U. of A. server; (b) all the above.  (My quandary and
attendant multiple choice is likely to make my students rub their hands in
glee!)

	Their is nothing I can possibly do during the weekend.  I hope to
have this problem resolved by the university Telecommunications Services
on Monday.  I count on your understanding.

						M. Deeb

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 06 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Tue Nov  7 00:01:11 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 6 Nov 2000 18:01:11 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:Farsi in Arabic MS Word response
Message-ID: <MON.6.NOV.2000.180111.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 06 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Farsi in Arabic MS Word response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 06 Nov 2000
From: Mutarjm at aol.com
Subject: Farsi in Arabic MS Word response

[moderators note: this message was mislaid, and so didn't get posted with
the other responses.  Sorry. Dil]

Greetings.

Today is Friday, October 27th.

I do some occasional into-Farsi work, so here is a solution you might try
that may reduce the travail of UNICODE <-> MS code keystroke clusters.

After some creative and persistent keyboard mapping in Arabic MS Word 97, I
made a MS Word "reference file" of those Farsi characters and numerals. I can
send that to you.

When creating a Farsi document, I open that reference file, keep it in the
background behind the Farsi file I am creating and then "copy-and-paste" the
distinctive Farsi item (cheh, peh, zheh, gheh) into the text where needed.
The pasted items conform to regular MS Word conventions re attaching to
following letter, medial form, and the like.

If the new Farsi file is small (1 or 2 pages), to simplify accessibility, I
sometimes paste the letters and numerals at the top of the page where I am
working.

Paul Nelson at Microsoft posted recently that MS Windows 2000's multilanguage
support feature is UNICODE-based. Farsi characters are apparently inside MS
Windows 2000 (MS Win 2K recognized, displayed and manipulated Farsi items
when I inserted them on another PC), but they take some keyboard searching
and stroking to find.

The Arabic versions of MS Windows 98/MS ME are the last to use MS proprietary
code.

HTH.

Khair, in sha' Allah.

Regards from Los Angeles,

Steve Franke

e-mail: < mutarjm at aol.com >

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 06 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Tue Nov  7 00:04:04 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 6 Nov 2000 18:04:04 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:Intensive Arabic in Norway Jan-May 2001
Message-ID: <MON.6.NOV.2000.180404.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 06 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Intensive Arabic in Norway Jan-May 2001

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 06 Nov 2000
From: Joseph Norment Bell <joseph.bell at msk.uib.no>
Subject: Intensive Arabic in Norway Jan-May 2001

FULL TIME BASIC ARABIC -  Jan. 15 - May 11, 2001; Exam late May to early
June 2001
Bergen, Norway

The University of Bergen is considering opening its full-time, intensive
basic Arabic course, taught in English, to students from non-Norwegian
universities and others with a college/university background who may need a
knowledge of Arabic in their work. Credit for full-time study for one
semester will be given (10 Norwegian credits, equal to about 15 American).

Tuition will be about USD 4000 for the semester, plus some nominal
registration fees. Students coming under exchange agreements from
universities that have such agreements with the university of Bergen will
not be charged tuition.

It is not yet certain that the course will be opened in January, but we
expect a decision reasonably soon. This message is being sent to give those
who might wish to attend the opportunity to begin planning.

The purpose of the course is to give a comprehensive overview of Arabic
grammar and as much written and oral fluency in the language as the time
limit of one semester allows. Beginning courses taught  at universities and
language schools in the Middle East tend to be less structured and teaching
is usually based on traditional Arabic grammar, which compounds the
difficulties of learning the language, since the student must at the same
time acquire the concepts and classificatory schemes of the medieval Arab
grammarians.

The Bergen course is specifically designed to help students who wish to
continue their study of  Arabic in an Arab country by giving them a
framework, based in part on familiar Western grammatical categories, to
which they will be able to relate the mass of new material with which they
will be faced when they begin studying in the Arab world. Ideally the
student should follow up the course immediately at a summer school in an
Arab country. It will also be possible to continue full-time study of Arabic
in Bergen in the fall of 2001 (Written Arabic, Spoken Modern Standard
Arabic, and the Cairene dialect).

The course consists of 12 contact hours per week over 14 weeks (total 168
contact hours) followed by a one-week reading period.

Full-time study in Norway is not defined in terms of contact hours at
present, and the number of contact hours is less, for example, than in a
normal American semester. Anyone interested in the course for whom this
might be a problem should contact us without delay, since the possibility of
increasing the number of hours exists.

The examination consists of an 8-hour written test towards the end of May
and a short oral examination (about 20 minutes) held early in June.

There are numerous holidays in Norway in May and early June, including the
Ascension, Pentecost (Sunday and the following Monday), and the colorful
Norwegian national holiday on the 17th of May. Between the end of teaching
and the examination, students should have an opportunity to experience some
of the most interesting facets of Norwegian cultural life and to see some of
the natural beauty of Western Norway. The well-known Bergen Music Festival
also takes place towards the end of May.

Anyone interested in participating in the course should contact Joseph N.
Bell by e-mail (joseph.bell at msk.uib.no) as soon as possible.

Joseph N. Bell
Professor of Arabic
University of Bergen
Section for Middle Eastern Languages and Cultures
Sydnesplass 12
N-5007 Bergen
Norway

tlf. +47 5558 2860
fax  +47 5558 9410
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 06 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Tue Nov  7 00:11:21 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 6 Nov 2000 18:11:21 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:New Book
Message-ID: <MON.6.NOV.2000.181121.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 06 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Grammatical Markedness and Information Processing in the
Acquisition of
Arabic as a Second Language

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 06 Nov 2000
From: LINCOM.EUROPA at t-online.de (LINCOM EUROPA) [reposted from LINGUIST]
Subject: Grammatical Markedness and Information Processing in the
Acquisition of
Arabic as a Second Language

Grammatical Markedness and Information Processing in the Acquisition of
Arabic as a Second Language

FETHI MANSOURI
Deakin University

This book presents a comprehensive investigation into the acquisition
of Arabic as a second language. It has two primary objectives: first
to establish the developmental sequence for the acquisition of Arabic
interlanguage morphology and syntax; second to investigate
cross-linguistically certain claims and principles proposed in
Pienemann's (1998) Processability theory. This second objective is
particularly important as it explores issues of language processing
and language development (Clahsen 1984; Pienemann 1998) in a second
language acquisition (SLA) context where the target language (Arabic)
is typologically different to those languages previously investigated,
in particular, English, German and Spanish. The main research
questions stem from: Processability-related SLA research (Pienemann
1994, 1998; Johnston 1995; Andersen 1991); Arabic L1 research (Omar
1973); and Arabic SLA research (Al-Buanain 1987; Mansouri 1995, 1997).
With regard to the morpho-syntactic predictions generated through
Processability-related research, the findings of this study are
consistent with those reported by Pienemann (1994) and Johnston (1995)
on the acquisition of German and Spanish respectively. However, the
findings that relate to interlanguage morphology are less consistent
with the Processability-generated predictions.




Table of Contents:
Introduction

Chapter 1:  Description of the Arabic language
            Diglossia in Arabic
	    Linguistic description
	    Verbal morphology
            Phrasal agreement
	    Inter-phrasal agreement
	    Linguistic theory adopted in this study
	    Lexical Functional Grammar

Chapter 2:  Review of the relevant literature
	    Arabic L1 studies
	    Arabic L2 studies
	    Cross-linguistic studies on the acquisition of morpho-syntax

Chapter 3:  Theoretical framework
	    Historical perspective on SLA theories
	    Theoretical considerations
	    A Processability approach
	    Lexical Functional Grammar revisited
	    Research questions and hypotheses

Chapter 4:  Data-generated acquisition stages
	    Acquisition stages for interlanguage syntax
            Acquisition stages for interlanguage morphology
            Research questions in light of the overall findings

Chapter 5:  Theoretical discussion
            The Processability approach in light of the findings of this study
            Teachability issues

Chapter 6:  Conclusion
            Theoretical implications of the studys findings

References

Appendices




ISBN 2 89586 952 X.
LINCOM Studies in Language Acquisition 02.
Ca. 260pp. USD 65 / DM 120 / £ 40.

New: A Students' and course discount of 40% is offered to the above
     title.

Ordering information for individuals: Please give us your creditcard no.
/ expiry date. Prices in this information include shipment worldwide by
airmail. A standing order for this series is available with special
discounts offered to individual subscribers.

Free copies of LINCOM's new catalogue for 2001 (project line 11) are
available from LINCOM.EUROPA at t-online.de.

LINCOM EUROPA, Freibadstr. 3, D-81543 Muenchen, Germany;
FAX +49 89 62269404;
http://www.lincom-europa.com
LINCOM.EUROPA at t-online.de.


--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 06 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Tue Nov  7 18:50:53 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Tue, 7 Nov 2000 12:50:53 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:L1 Responses
Message-ID: <TUE.7.NOV.2000.125053.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Tue 07 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: L1 Response
2) Subject: L1 Response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 07 Nov 2000
From: "Ernest N. McCarus" <enm at umich.edu>
Subject: L1 Response

A comprehensive study of L1 acquisition in an Egyptian village of 37
children aged six months to 15 years is found in

MARGARET KLEFFNER OMAR, The Acquisition of Egyptian Arabic as a Native
Language, Janua Linguarum, Series Practica, 160.  The Hague: Mouton, 1973;
xix, 205 pp.

Ernest McCarus

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date: 07 Nov 2000
From: Louis Boumans <louis.boumans at freeler.nl>
Subject: L1 Response

In response to Amr Ibrahim's query, I can point to the following references:

Bos, Petra (1997). Development of Bilingualism. A study of school-age Moroccan
children in the Netherlands (Studies in Multilingualism 8). Tilburg: Tlburg
University Press.

Aftat, Mokhtar (1982). The Acquisition of Negation and Wh-Questions in a
Moroccan Arabic Speaking Four-Year-Old Child.(Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis,
University of Texas).  

best regards, Louis Boumans
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Rijksuniversiteit Leiden, CNWS,
Postbus 9515, 2300 RA Leiden,
+31-71-527 29 93
_louisboumans at rullet.leidenuniv.nl_

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 07 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Tue Nov  7 18:51:49 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Tue, 7 Nov 2000 12:51:49 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA: NCOLCTL 2001
Message-ID: <TUE.7.NOV.2000.125149.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Tue 07 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: NCOLCTL 2001

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 07 Nov 2000
From: Scott McGinnis <smcginnis at nflc.org>
Subject: NCOLCTL 2001 --Less Commonly Taught Languages

 CALL FOR PROPOSALS

 National Council of Organizations of Less Commonly Taught Languages
 Fourth Annual Conference
 Washington, D.C.
 April 6-8, 2001
 Research and Development in the Less Commonly Taught Languages.

 The Fourth Annual Conference of the National Council of Organizations
 of Less Commonly Taught Languages (NCOLCTL) is scheduled for
 metropolitan Washington, D.C. on April 6-8, 2001. The first day of the
 conference (April 6) will be held at the Foreign Service Institute in
 Arlington, Virginia, and the final two days at the Holiday Inn
 Arlington in Ballston, VA.

 Proposals are solicited for individual papers, colloquia and poster
 sessions. The formats are described below. Each proposed presentation
 should address issues that clearly relate to more than just one
 particular language and should fall within one or more of the
 Conference theme of "Research and Development in the Less Commonly
 Taught Languages."  Sessions might include:
 *	Discussion of important research questions for the LCTLs;
 *	Application of other research to important questions for the
 LCTLs;
 *	Reports on empirical, ethnographic, linguistic, and/or classroom
 research;
 *	Initiatives to develop programs in the LCTs for any customer
 base, including distance learning and heritage communities;
 *	Inservice and/or pre-service teacher development initiatives;
 *	Use of technology in instructional programs;
 *	Innovative instructional materials or learning activities for an
 LCTL; and
 *	Other topics related to the theme

 Individual papers are 20 minutes long. A paper should focus clearly on
 one or more issues related to the real world needs for language
 expertise in the less commonly taught languages. Papers may be based
 on research or practical experience.

 Colloquia are 90 minutes. A colloquium proposal should specify three
 or more presenters who will address one of the conference themes.
 Preference will be given to panels that cut across different languages
 or language groups.

 Poster and presentation sessions may focus on completed work or work
 in progress related to the teaching and/or learning of less commonly
 taught languages.  They may be of either the traditional poster format
 (most often used for research-based presentations) or demonstrations
 of instructional or information technology; however, any proposal
 requiring technical support must specify the type of hardware and
 software needed in as much detail as possible.

 Proposals should indicate the relevant conference theme and kind of
 presentation (paper, colloquium or poster session) in the upper
 left-hand corner, and the name of the presenter and the presenter's
 primary language(s) in the upper right-hand corner. The proposed title
 should not exceed ten words. Proposals may not exceed one page in
 length.

 All proposals for the NCOLCTL Conference should be sent to the
 following address by hard copy or email:
 			Frederick H. Jackson
  			NCOLCTL Conference Program Chair
 			School of Language Studies
 			Foreign Service Institute
 			4000 Arlington Boulevard
 			Arlington, VA 22207
 			Email: jacksonfh at state.gov

 The final deadline for receipt of proposals is December 1, 2000. The
 Program Committee will notify those who submitted proposals by January
 1, 2001, whether their proposal has been accepted.

 Questions regarding the conference may be directed to either Dr.
 Jackson or:

 			Scott McGinnis
 			National Foreign Language Center
 			1029 Vermont Avenue, NW, Suite 1000
 			Washington, DC 20005
 			Phone 	202-637-8881 X28
 			Fax	202-637-9244
 			Email	smcginnis at nflc.org

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 07 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov  8 16:02:31 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 8 Nov 2000 10:02:31 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:L1 Research Response
Message-ID: <WED.8.NOV.2000.100231.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 08 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: L1 Research Response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 01 Nov 2000
From: alhawar at american.edu
Subject: L1 Research Response

Here is a list of references that I hope may be useful to you:


Abu El-Haija, Lutfi Ahmad. (1981).  The Acquisition of the Negation System
in Arabic as Spoken in Jordan.  Doctoral dissertation, The Pennsylvania
State University.

Aftat, Mukhtar.  (1982).  The Acquisition of Negation and Wh-Questions in a
Moroccan Arabic Speaking Four-Year-Old Child.  Doctoral dissertation,
University of Texas, Austin.

Aller, Y. Sonia Konialian. (1978).  The Acquisition of Relative Clause
Constructions in Arabic.  Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University.

Badry, Fatima.  (1982).  Acquisition of Lexical Derivation Rules in
Moroccan Arabic:  Implications for the Development of Standard Arabic as a
Second Language through Literacy.  Doctoral dissertation, University of
California, Berkeley.

Omar, Margaret K. (1973).  The Acquisition of Egyptian Arabic as a Native
Language.   Mouton, The Hague. (Doctoral dissertation, Georgetown
University.

Smadi, Oglah Mahmoud. (1979).  The Acquisition of Jordanian Arabic
Interrogation and Negation by a Three-Year-Old Speaker of Jordanian Arabic.
Doctoral dissertation, University of Texas, Austin.


Best,
Mohammad T. Alhawary

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 08 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov 15 18:26:37 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 15 Nov 2000 12:26:37 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:Need DC Area Arabic tutor
Message-ID: <WED.15.NOV.2000.122637.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 01 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Need DC Area Arabic tutor

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 01 Nov 2000
From: "A. R. Goldman" <argoldman at mindspring.com>
Subject: Need DC Area Arabic tutor

As salaamu alaykum:

I live in the Washington DC area, and hoped that the members of this list
might be able to help me pursue my Arabic studies...

I completed about one year of college level Arabic (with a private tutor) a
couple of years ago, and would like to return to a study of the language. I
got the basics, but my knowledge of grammar, particularly the verb forms,
and my vocabulary are not at the level needed for the study of the Qur'an
(my primary focus). I would of course be interested in the study of MSA if
this could be accomplished concurrently.

Also, I have hopes of learning the rules of Tajweed; it would be ideal if
this could be accomplished with one instructor...

I posted a similar message about 18 months ago, and apologize for the (late)
repetition, but in a area as transient as WDC, there is always the hope that
I might find someone to help me with these goals...

Many thanks...

Ma's Salaam

Abdur Rahman Goldman

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 01 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Nov 20 18:04:00 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 20 Nov 2000 12:04:00 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:waadii ar-raafidayn query
Message-ID: <MON.20.NOV.2000.120400.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 20 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
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          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: waadii ar-raafidayn query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 20 Nov 2000
From: Srpko Lestaric <srpkole at EUnet.yu>
Subject: waadii ar-raafidayn query

Mesopotamia (waadii maa bayna an-nahrayn) is, as all know, also called
waadii ar-raafidayn.
Is there a particular English equivalence to this beautiful way of naming
the land between and around Tigris and Euphrates?
Thanks.

Srpko Lestaric

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 20 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Nov 20 18:05:04 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 20 Nov 2000 12:05:04 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:New Word Formation and OCR Query
Message-ID: <MON.20.NOV.2000.120504.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 20 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
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          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: New Word Formation and OCR Query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 20 Nov 2000
From: Amin Almuhanna <MCUIGAA2 at fs1.ccl.umist.ac.uk>
Subject: New Word Formation and OCR Query

Hi,

I need some help with the following:
What are the different (maybe agreed upon?) mechanisms used
to coin new terms in Arabic? I understand that Arabic has a very
strong derivation (ishtiqaq) ability, so to speak, to introduce new
terms to the language. But what are the next preferred or used
mechanism if derivation fails. For example, where does borrowing,
compounding aand/or transliteration come? Could someone
please lead to relevant sources?
Also, Does anyone know of the best and most efficient Arabic
OCR in the market?

Thank you,
Amin Almuhanna

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 20 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Nov 20 18:09:50 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 20 Nov 2000 12:09:50 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:Mixing Scripts on QuarkXPress Query
Message-ID: <MON.20.NOV.2000.120950.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 20 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
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          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Mixing Scripts on QuarkXPress Query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 20 Nov 2000
From: Aaron Jensen <ajj3 at email.byu.edu>
Subject: Mixing Scripts on QuarkXPress Query

I have been using QuarkXPress Passport v4.04. I purchased the ArabicXT
extention, which allows QuarkXPress Passport to work with Arabic, Latin,
and Cyrillic alphabets all in the same text boxes. The Arabic fonts which
will work with ArabicXT, however, are special fonts made just for use with
QuarkXPress, meaning they cannot be used in other applications, nor can
QuarkXPress use any other Arabic fonts.

My problem is that I need also to use Hebrew fonts in the same text boxes
as the Arabic, Latin, and Cyrillic. As you well know, Arabic and Hebrew
alphabets are written from right to left, as opposed to the left-to-right
Latin and Cyrillic alphabets.

Aramedia, the company which designed ArabicXT, has a HebrewXT with special
Hebrew fonts that work about the same way as the ArabicXT fonts work.
Without using HebrewXT, I have tried installing standard Hebrew fonts
(using the Hebrew Language kit) onto my computer to use with the ArabicXT
extention, but they type from left to right, and render themselves mixed up
with a lot of non-Hebrew characters.

The company, Aramedia, says that if I purchase their HebrewXT software for
$700, I will be able to use Hebrew and Arabic, but not at the same time.
This is no help to me. I can't afford to spend so much money on something
that won't give me the features I need.

I do have Nissus Writer, and it looks fine in Nissus Writer. But I need to
do this project in QuarkXPress, because I will be publishing, and Nissus
Writer does not print the look I need.

Does anybody have any recommendations? Has anybody tried this and gotten it
to work or fail? What did you do to make it so? What other
publishing-quality programs (besides word processing programs) can place
Arabic, Hebrew, Greek, and Latin all in the same paragraphs?

If anybody has an answer, please send it soon. Time is against me.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 20 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Nov 20 18:43:05 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 20 Nov 2000 12:43:05 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:bosta query
Message-ID: <MON.20.NOV.2000.124305.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 01 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
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          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: bosta query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 01 Nov 2000
From: Dil Parkinson <dil at byu.edu>
Subject: bosta query

A student came up the other day and asked me what bosta meant in Arabic,
and I told him it meant the Post Office, and he told me about a Fayruz Song
called al-bosta, so I said facetiously that it must be something like the
Pop Song "Please Mr. Postman" or something.
Anyway, the next day he brings me a translation of the lyrics of the song
that he got off the net, and it has to do with a bus rather than the mail.
Knowing next to nothing about Fayruuz lyrics, and about as little about
Lebanese dialects, I was stumped.  Can someone tell me whether bosta means
'bus' in Lebanese dialect in general (or in some more specific one).
It's possible that he has the wrong word, or course, or that I misheard.
If there is some kind of isogloss between where bosta means post office and
where it means bus, where would that isogloss be?
For your reference, here are the lyrics of the song he downloaded.
Dil

The Bus Song
I am so eager to see your eyes
That I crossed great distances for them
You have no idea what your dark eyes stir in me
By the roar of the bus we traveled
And I remembered you, Alia
And I remembered your eyes
And God forgive you, Alia
What beautiful eyes you have.
On our way up, it was so hot we reeked
Some ate lettuce others munched on figs
This one guy brought with him his wife
God, how ugly was that wife
I envy them the passengers to Tannurin
They take things in stride
But they don't know, Alia
What beautiful eyes you have.
Way up we went without even paying our fare
Sometimes we trussed the rattling door
Sometimes we calmed the passengers
The guy with his wife blushed
And his wife got dizzy
I swear he would have let her
Go up on her own
Had he known, Alia,
What beautiful eyes you have
O driver, if you'd only shut that window
The wind, O driver
We'll catch cold from the wind
The wind, O driver.


--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 01 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Tue Nov 21 16:54:18 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Tue, 21 Nov 2000 10:54:18 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:OCR Query
Message-ID: <TUE.21.NOV.2000.105418.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Tue 21 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
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          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: OCR Query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 21 Nov 2000
From: GnhBos at aol.com
Subject: OCR Query

Sakhr's Automatic Reader 5.0 is multilingual Optical
Character Recognition (OCR) program, sets world
standards in accuracy and speed for converting
scanned documents to editable text files. Sakhr's
OCR builds entire archives in Arabic, Farsi, English,
and ten European languages without typing a single
character.  Sakhr's OCR program is a dependable and
time saving solution.

Sakhr's OCR (Professional or Office) can easily create,
collect, access, and index documents in just minutes.
Preserves layout, columns, tables, and graphics of the
original documents.  Results are checked Automatically
against the originals.  Users can access Sakhr's award
winning suite of dictionaries and text handling tools
directly from Automatic Reader or from within MS Arabic
Word, Office 95, or Office 97.

KEY FEATURES:

Multilingual: Recognize English and Arabic or English
and Farsi within the same 'pass'. Higher Accuracy: 99%
accuracy on laser-quality fonts.  Ten minutes training
raises accuracy to 99.8%. Faster Speed: Recognize up
to 500 characters per second. Choices: Speed of
intelligent Omni technology, or accuracy of pretrained
font recognition; displaying Arabic diacritical markings,
or not. Flexibility: Recognize documents of widely varying
print quality; include or exclude parts of image files.
Retain columns, tables, graphics, or font features that
are key ingredients of documents. Supports HTML and Unicode,
as well as TIF, PCX, BMP, MAG, TGA, GIF, DCX, AND JPG image
files. New: Text Boxes control recognition of text; Auto
adjusts image position; Personal Archiver edits and saves
images; Direct Link to email for sending text output.
Wizards guide new users through scanning to saving the new
text file. Tutorial: Trains new OCR users.

Automatic Reader utilizes Sakhr's innovative Arabic/Farsi
OCR engine with Scansoft's award-winning TextBridge.
OCR 13 languages, as well as bilingual text: Arabic,
Farsi, English, French, German, Austrian, Italian,
Spanish, Portuguese, Norwegian, Swedish, Danish, and
Finnish.

Automatic Reader 5.0 is available in two versions:

The OFFICE Version--OCR capabilities in Arabic and English
only; also bilingual documents.  This version provides top
quality Omni technology for conversion of scanned text.
The Office Version does not have a batch mode feature,
spell checker, OLE and DDE capabilities, or trainability.


The PROFESSIONAL Version-OCR in Arabic, Farsi, English,
bilingual documents, and ten additional languages.  This
version also adds training technology to Omni technology
to further raise accuracy levels.  Users access 4 batch
modes, can train the program in specific fonts, use spell
checkers, Arabic linguistic rules, and OLE and DDE
features.

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS: Pentium PC, VGA, CDROM,
16MB RAM, minimum 65MB storage available on hard disk
MS Arabic Windows 95/98/NT-WS (for Farsi and Arabic)
MS Windows 95/NT-WS (for the other 11 languages)

http://www.aramedia.com/ocr.htm

Ahlan Wa Sahlan...

George N. Hallak
AramediA Group
761 Adams Street
Boston, MA 02122, USA

http://www.aramedia.com
mailto:info at aramedia.com
T 617-825-3044 F 265-9648
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 21 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Tue Nov 21 16:53:12 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Tue, 21 Nov 2000 10:53:12 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:Quark Responses
Message-ID: <TUE.21.NOV.2000.105312.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Tue 21 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
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          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Quark Response
2) Subject: Quark Response
3) Subject: Quark Response
4) Subject: Quark Response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 21 Nov 2000
From: Kino <quinon at yhb.att.ne.jp>
Subject: Quark Response

Hello

There is a free utility program named Reverse, which reverses automaticaly
the strings. As this is a World Script aware program, you could use it
with Hebrew script, I think. The download page is:
<http://www.geomtech.com/~rminer/reverser/>

DTP program Ready-Set-Go! Global supports *all* the languages kits of Mac
OS. It costs more than 800 USD, but might be worth trying since this is
not a mere "extension" but a whole program package. You can read its
features and download a demo at:
<http://www.diwan.com/ready/prsg.htm>

As I don't know Hebrew nor DTP things, I'm not sure whether this meets
your needs
or not.

Hope this helps

Yusuke KINOSHITA

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date: 21 Nov 2000
From: alex khalil <iskandar at ee.tamu.edu>
Subject: Quark Response

Aaron

  I use Nisus with both scripts and Quark with ArabicXT.

  Layout S.A.L is a Lebanese company that wrote ArabicXT.  See their
web site for a software update and for the email address of the support
team. [Aramedia is one of the US distributors]

  The one time I asked for help [installing on a recent system], they sent
me a software update that fixed it.

  If your problem has no solution within Quark, would you consider
creating an EPS with Nisus and importing it into the Quark document?

alex

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
3)
Date: 21 Nov 2000
From: "Rahawi, Mohammed" <RahawiM at state.gov>
Subject: Quark Response

Are you familiar with al-Nashir al-Sahafi from Diwan Software?
Try downloading their demo version. It works just like QuarkXpress. You can
have Arabic, Hebrew and English in the same word, line and paragraph.
Address is: diwan.com

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
3)
Date: 21 Nov 2000
From:  Paul Nelson <paulnel at microsoft.com>
Subject: Quark Response

Microsoft Publisher has been enabled for Complex scripts in the coming
version. I am happy to work with anyone who has a real world issue in mixing
languages that needs to publish.

The official release is scheduled for March. However, I can work with some
people as beta testers. If you are interested, please contact me directly.

Mixing Arabic, Hebrew, Syriac, Cyrillic, Greek, Japanese, Chinese, and any
other languages supported by Microsoft Windows 2000 is easily handled in
Publisher (the beauty of Unicode at work).

Paul

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 21 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Tue Nov 21 16:56:15 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Tue, 21 Nov 2000 10:56:15 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:Arabic vowels query
Message-ID: <TUE.21.NOV.2000.105615.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Tue 21 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Arabic vowels query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 21 Nov 2000
From: mohd at mail.ukans.edu
Subject: Arabic vowels query

Salam All,
I need a fast and as precise as possible an answer on how many vowels Arabic
language has,excluding the diphthongs(ai,au,etc.) I know the basic three [ae]
as in the English cat [kaet]and the long [u:] as in the English hood [hu:d]
and the long [i:] as in the English heed  [hi:d]. If there's any specific
reference,pls let me know. If you can provide with a list of words including
these vowels,that will be great, something like the English list: bead, bid,
bed, bad, bod(y),
bawd, budd(hist), booed, bud and bird.
Thanks a lot,
Mohammad Al-Masri.
Univ. of Kansas

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 21 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Tue Nov 21 19:32:36 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Tue, 21 Nov 2000 13:32:36 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:bosta responses
Message-ID: <TUE.21.NOV.2000.133236.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Tue 21 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: bosta response
2) Subject: bosta response
3) Subject: bosta response
4) Subject: bosta response
5) Subject: bosta response
6) Subject: bosta response
7) Subject: bosta response
8) Subject: bosta response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 21 Nov 2000
From: "Chouairi, R. MR           DFL" <GR6548 at exmail.usma.army.mil>
Subject: bosta response

Dear Bosta Friends
This song was first written and composed by Ziad al-Rahbani not for his
mother Fayrouz but for the late Joseph Saqr in the late seventies.  Fayrouz
sang this song first at the Olympia in Paris in 1978.  Bosta is the way the
Beiruties pronounce Bousta or Boosta the word for bus in dialect.  A similar
words are Fasoolia (beans) in the rest of Lebanon, Fasolia in Beirut...
Sorry I am hungry now.
Rajaa Chouairi

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date: 21 Nov 2000
From: Salim Khaldieh <aa3984 at wayne.edu>
Subject: bosta response

"Bosta" means "Bus" in Lebanese.  It's the main theme of Fayrouz song "9ala
Hadiir al-Bosta".  Alos, "Bosta" is still used by many people especially in
offices and banks to mean "mail".

Salim Khaldieh, Ph.D.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
3)
Date: 21 Nov 2000
From: Waheed Samy <wasamy at umich.edu>
Subject: bosta response

Dil, I can confirm that bosta does mean a bus.  I went to school for a
couple of years
when I was a kid (57-59) in Beirut Lebanon, and used to ride the school bus.
It is
called bosta.
I don't think the Lebanese call the post bosta.  I don't have a memory of
that though.

Waheed

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
4)
Date: 21 Nov 2000
From: Srpko Lestaric <srpkole at EUnet.yu>
Subject: bosta response

Dear Dil,
This was quite an amusing story. Yes, it is a bus, you can be positive. You
see, during the middle of this century buses were called "bosta" (or, in
Serbo-Croat, "poshta", etc.) in many underdeveloped countries as they use to
BRING the post from towns to villages once or twice a week. So it was in
Lebanon. I can personally confirm this for:

1-Lebanon
2-Serbia and almost all the lands of the former Yugoslavia.

Cordially,
Srpko

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
5)
Date: 21 Nov 2000
From: Sami Boudelaa <sami.boudelaa at mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk>
Subject: bosta response

	Hi Dil,
	In my native dialect, Southern Tunisian Arabic the word "bosta"
means both
"post office" and "bus". I don't have a clue why it has come to mean "bus"
or indeed "coach". When if first heard Fairuz's lyric "Aa hadiir il-bosta",
it was the vehicle meaning which came to my mind. I would not be surprised
that the word should have the two meanings in the Lebanese dialect and
probably in other dialects as well.
regards
Sami Boudelaa

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
6)
Date: 21 Nov 2000
From: MOHAMMED M JIYAD <mmjiyad at unix.amherst.edu>
Subject: bosta response

In Iraq we use the word  "Bariid" for the bus that carries mail as well as
passengers to areas that are not served by train. I believe that it is the
same concept that is used in Fairuuz' song.
Mohammed Jiyad

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
7)
Date: 21 Nov 2000
From: Yaser Al-Onaizan <yaser at ISI.EDU>
Subject: bosta response

Hi Dil,

I'm not a Lebanese so I'm not a 100% sure. But I believe that bosta in the
context of this song refers to train and particularly postal train and
hence the
word bosta.

Yaser

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
8)
Date: 21 Nov 2000
From: GnhBos at aol.com
Subject: bosta response

Isn't Arabic a great language?
"Bosta" is more of a Palestinian dialect, the Lebanese
is more like "Boosta". Mailman is "Bostaji", "Bareed"/
"Mail" is also known as "Bosta".

George

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 21 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Tue Nov 21 19:33:14 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Tue, 21 Nov 2000 13:33:14 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:LIT:Mekkawy lyrics query
Message-ID: <TUE.21.NOV.2000.133314.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Tue 21 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject:

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 21 Nov 2000
From: "Munther A. Younes" <may2 at cornell.edu>
Subject: Mekkawy lyrics query

Does anyone know the words for Sayyid Mekkawy's famous  song "il-'ArDH
btitkallim cArabi"? I would greatly appreciate it if someone on the list
could send them to me or tell me where to find them.

	Thanks.

	Munther Younes
	Cornell University

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 21 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov 29 19:11:49 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 29 Nov 2000 13:11:49 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:LIT:Want Mekkawy lyrics too
Message-ID: <WED.29.NOV.2000.131149.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 29 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Want Mekkawy lyrics too

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 29 Nov 2000
From: Andrew Freeman <andyf at umich.edu>
Subject: Want Mekkawy lyrics too

Hi,

   I would love to have the lyrics for that song as well, for the culture
component of my modern standard Arabic classes here at UofM.  So, if
anybody has the lyrics for Sayyid Mekkawy's song "il-'ArDH btitkallim
cArabi" I would certainly appreciate it if you would post that info either
to the whole list or separately to me.

thnk you,
Andy

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 29 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov 29 19:04:51 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 29 Nov 2000 13:04:51 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:Quark and Arabic-more info
Message-ID: <WED.29.NOV.2000.130451.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 29 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Quark and Arabic-more info

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 29 Nov 2000
From: GnhBos at aol.com
Subject: Quark and Arabic-more info

Since my earlier communication with Aaron Jensen, Layout Technical
Support team and AramediA have been on the issue of ArabicXT and
HebrewXT for QuarkXPress, trying to be of service. I am sorry for any
confusion or inconvenience from the "official" answers about the specs.
that were responsibly "repeated".

After thorough testing we found out that the user can run both ArabicXT
and HebrewXT at the same time, by having the 2 XTensions in the
XTension folder.

A user can have Arabic boxes and Hebrew boxes in the same document.

The user cannot have both languages in the same text box.

When the user is importing text files, the text files cannot have both
languages together. Every language must be in a separate text file.

Documents containing both languages cannot open except with
a Quark that contains both XTensions.

We have not seen any apparent conflicts when both XTensions
are running together. On the other hand we cannot guarantee
100% that there will not be any conflicts.

As for pricing, HebrewXT 4.0 Stand Alone for QuarkXPress 4.0
Passport, $695.00 Mac

HebrewXT 4.0 Support for ArabicXT 4.0, Mac $195.00

FarsiXT and JawiXT are also available at the same HebrewXT
price. For more information, and a download of a Free Demo:

http://www.aramedia.com
http://www.arabicxt.com
http://www.arabicsoftware.net

For Desktop Publishing solutions, please contact AramediA
in Boston, Layout Ltd. in Beirut, or LayoutME in Dubai for
service, support, and information.

Best Regards,

George N. Hallak
AramediA Group
761 Adams Street
Boston, MA 02122, USA

http://www.aramedia.com
mailto:info at aramedia.com
T 617-825-3044 F 265-9648

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 29 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov 29 19:04:04 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 29 Nov 2000 13:04:04 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:Jordanian Music CD
Message-ID: <WED.29.NOV.2000.130404.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 29 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Jordanian Music CD

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 29 Nov 2000
From: Djangodogg at aol.com
Subject: Jordanian Music CD

I have just completed a second CD of Jordanian traditional music (Music of
Jordan 2000).  Last year I recorded an album called Music from the Madaba
Plains, Jordan. The cds include gassids, hejeini, ney tunes, mejwiz tunes,
women's songs, children's songs -- all sorts of things. They are not for
sale, but are available, for what, a trade, perhaps, of traditional arabic
music? My main goal is to get these recordings into the hands of
individuals/institutions which have a particular interest in Jordanian or
related traditional music. At risk of not knowing how many responses this
posting will get, I'd really like to hear from those with a serious interest
in this subject. I'll offer complimentary copies to as many as I can, but my
pockets are not infinitely deep.
Thanks,
Richard Dorsett,
Tacoma, Washington

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End of Arabic-L: 29 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov 29 19:11:13 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 29 Nov 2000 13:11:13 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:Vowels responses
Message-ID: <WED.29.NOV.2000.131113.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 29 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Vowels response
2) Subject: Vowels response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 29 Nov 2000
From: alhawar at american.edu
Subject: Vowels response


Classical Arabic is usually referred to as having a "symmetrical" or
 "triangular" vowel system as below:


                       Front                 Central              back
high                 i/ ii                                              u/ uu
low                                            a/ aa

However, these vowels are subject to predictable vowel allophany rules
triggered by preceding (neigbouring) consonants. The process involving the
consonants (S, D, T, Z, q, kh, gh, and r is  referred to I think as
pharyngealization which is blocked with the last three (kh, gh, and r) in
the environment of [i]. Here is a list if minimal pairs that I hope will be
useful to you:

taab "repented"            +long, +front, +low
Taab "became good"  +long, +back, +low, etc.

tuubaa "repent/dual"
Tuubaa "beatitude"

tiin "figs"
Tiin "mud"

da9 "leave"             +short, +front, +low
Da9 "put"                +short, +back, +low, etc.

Sum "observe the fast"
summ "poison"

Dif "add"
dif? "warmth"


One may add ?imalaa "inclination" discussed by Siibaawayhi in great details
(where the the tongue is inclined from a low to a mid position) although
?imaala too is rule-goverend--with the exception of a subset of words which
Siibaawayhi explains as having a high frequency of occurrence in speech.

An example of a rule-governed ?imaala:
9aalim "scholar" --> 9eelim (triggered by presence of [i])

An example of a high frequency word:
naas "people" --> nees

If you need further directions, email me off the list.

best,
Mohammad T. Alhawary

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date: 29 Nov 2000
From: Alex Bellem <ab89 at soas.ac.uk>
Subject: Vowels response

Well it all depends on which dialect(s) you're looking at, for a start.
But basically, for many you can add to the basic [ae], [i], [u]  the
'emphatic' (pharyngealised or uvularised, depending on your point of
view) versions of the same, and then you also have to take into account
the difference in 'a' in the environment of a 'guttural' (different from
the 'emphatic' environment). Also, of course, there is 'imala', which
causes the fronting of the 'a' to [ae] or [e]. It has been argued that
there are 3 basic vowels which change in the course of the derivation,
according to the environment, but I don't suppose that is the answer
you're looking for. Arabic is not uniform across the dialects, for a
start. Actually, it has also been argued that Arabic displays a
tense-lax distinction - see Kimary Shahin in Perspectives on Arabic
Linguistics (I think the 1996 one - eds. Mushira Eid et al.). I would
recommend finding these (the Perspectives series) in the library and
skimming through - there are some very interesting articles.There are
hundreds of references you could use, ranging from descriptive grammars
of various dialects (such as Van Ess/Cowell, etc) to works such as those
by Charles Ferguson, Haim Blanc. But if you're interested in current
phonological models, then go through Perspectives (there are about 13 of
them) to find some v. interesting articles and look at their references
if you're interested.
HTH,
Alex Bellem.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 29 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov 29 19:08:04 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 29 Nov 2000 13:08:04 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:bosta-lyrics and translation
Message-ID: <WED.29.NOV.2000.130804.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 29 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: bosta-lyrics and translation

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 29 Nov 2000
From: N Coffin <coffinn at netscape.net>
Subject: bosta-lyrics and translation

Dear Dil: A late response to your bosta query! At the following site, I
discovered the lyrics and a rough translation of the Fairuz song in
question. http://almashriq.hiof.no/lebanon/700/780/fairuz/legend/songs.html
Best wishes, Nancy Coffin

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 29 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov 29 19:12:40 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 29 Nov 2000 13:12:40 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:'west' query
Message-ID: <WED.29.NOV.2000.131240.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 29 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: 'west' query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 29 Nov 2000
From: Waleed Al-Amri <waleed at talk21.com>
Subject: 'west' query

Dear colleagues,

I have been surprised by the way some English newspapers use the word
'West'. Will the context is that the West is used to mean only Britain and
the United States and not the geographical West that refers to a much wider
stretch of land, especially when these newspapers are talking about Russia
(or the former Soviet Union), Libya, China, or Iraq (the so-called rogue
states). My tentative interpretation of this is that there is a dialectic
relation highlighted here between: the  free, democratic world (West, fair
players) and despotic, totalitarian world.

Please feel free to send me any comments. It concerns my PhD.

Waleed Al-Amri

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 29 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Thu Nov 30 16:12:11 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Thu, 30 Nov 2000 10:12:11 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:Georgetown Arabic Summer Institute
Message-ID: <THU.30.NOV.2000.101211.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Thu 30 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Georgetown Arabic Summer Institute

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 30 Nov 2000
From: Brian McGrath <MCGRATHB at gunet.georgetown.edu>
Subject: Georgetown Arabic Summer Institute

SUMMER ARABIC LANGUAGE INSTITUTE
GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY
WASHINGTON, DC
SUMMER 2001

PROGRAM:  The Arabic Language, Literature & Linguistics Department, and the
Summer School will offer an Arabic Language Institute during the Summer of
2001.  Courses to be offered are:

1)     Intensive First Level Modern Standard Arabic I
        (6 credits) (June 4- July 6)

2)     Intensive First Level Modern Standard Arabic II
        (6 credits) (July 9- August 10)

3)     Intensive Second Level Modern Standard Arabic I
        (6 credits) (June 4- July 6)

4)     Intensive Second Level Modern Standard Arabic II
        (6 credits) (July 9 - August 10)

5)     Intensive Advanced Arabic I
        (6 credits) (June 4- July 6)

6)     Intensive Advanced Arabic II
        (6 credits) (July 9- August 10)

All of the above are undergraduate courses.  Students may enroll for one or
both sessions of any sequence.

The Summer Arabic Language Institute at Georgetown University is a very
intensive one.  Students in all courses will normally spend from six to
seven hours per day, five days a week between classroom/laboratory work and
home preparation.  An additional course load during the summer is not
recommended.

Session I:               June 4- July 6
Session II:              July 9- August 10


COSTS

Tuition is $500.00 per credit for the undergraduate courses, plus a $50.00
lab fee per session.


ADMISSION

The program is open to graduate and undergraduate students, and to persons
who are not academically affiliated but need a knowledge of Arabic for
professional or other valid reasons.  The courses are offered for
undergraduate credit only.  For application forms, please write to:

Brian McGrath
Assistant Director, Summer Arabic Language Institute
Dept. of Arabic Language, Literature and Linguistics
Georgetown University
P. O. Box 571046, ICC 306
Washington, DC  20057-1046
202-687-5743 (Phone)
202-687-2408 (Fax)
mcgrathb at georgetown.edu
Arabic Dept. Website:  http://www.georgetown.edu/departments/arabic

Director:  Dr. Amin Bonnah
                bonnaha at georgetown.edu

Deadline for receipt of application forms and supporting documents is March
30, 2001.  Late applications will be accepted on a space available basis.

FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE

Prospective students may apply for partial Summer School scholarships.  To
request an application and information on application deadlines, please
contact Brian McGrath, Assistant Director, as indicated above.  At the time
of inquiry, please specify whether or not you are a Georgetown student.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 30 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Thu Nov 30 16:14:55 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Thu, 30 Nov 2000 10:14:55 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:'west'  Response
Message-ID: <THU.30.NOV.2000.101455.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Thu 30 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: 'west' Response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 30 Nov 2000
From: djust at netvision.net.il
Subject: 'west' Response

I suspect that there's also an inherited historical prejudice here.
If you take Western Europe as the center of the world, Russia, Iraq
and China are indeed well to the East.  Don't forget that we live in
a world in which world maps almost always have Western Europe top-and-
center.

The following three points may also amuse you:

1.  Reread Thomas Mann's *Magic Mountain*, Mr. Al-Amri!  Mann makes a
big deal about the dichotomy between the "civilized West" (a real and
repeated quote, I think), where people usually address each other in
a formal "you" derived from the plural, and the (?) East, where
people address each other in the singular, giggle and have noisy sex
in the neighboring room, etc.  It's been many years, but as I
remember the archetype of the latter was Russia, even though Russian
does distinguish between formal and informal "you".

2.  In the modern State of Israel, there's an locally important
cultural distinction between Jews of the Western ethnic groups and
the "Eastern Ethnic Groups" (a common idiom).  It has always amused
me that the latter include Jews from Egypt, Morocco, Libya, Algeria,
etc., which last I heard were far to our west (unless a major
earthquake has recently moved them).

3.  (Related to 2) I have heard a few times people in the Tel Aviv
area speak in an explicitly derogatory way of "Asians".  The people
doing the talking were of undoubtedly Asian ancestry, and had lived
in Asia for tens of years if not their entire lives.  I sometimes
wonder if they thought of the fact that these conversations were
themselves taking place in Asia.

Thanks,
David.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 30 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov  1 18:23:49 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 1 Nov 2000 12:23:49 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:Farsi on MS Word responses
Message-ID: <WED.1.NOV.2000.122349.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 01 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Farsi on MS Word response
2) Subject: Farsi on MS Word response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 01 Nov 2000
From: J.Schneider at epixtech.com
Subject: Farsi on MS Word response

We have discovered that different fonts can make a big difference.  Some of
the newer OpenType fonts handle digraphs and letter combinations better
than others.  Try the Arial Unicode MS font.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date: 01 Nov 2000
From: GnhBos at aol.com
Subject: Farsi on MS Word response

Dear Karin,

Please advise me of the solutions that you are receiving.
I get a lot of inquiries about that, and I would like to be
able to help those people too. Thanks.

Best Regards,

George N. Hallak
AramediA Group
761 Adams Street
Boston, MA 02122, USA

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 01 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov  1 18:25:00 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 1 Nov 2000 12:25:00 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:Hasan Al-'Attar query
Message-ID: <WED.1.NOV.2000.122500.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 01 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Hasan Al-'Attar query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 01 Nov 2000
From: Peter Gran <pgran at astro.temple.edu>
Subject: Hasan Al-'Attar query


Dear colleagues,
A question if you please.

I am interested in the career of the Egyptian Shaykh and language
teacher Hasan al-'Attar. Netscape shows me a citation appearing under
his name suggesting a book in Spanish has appeared in the mid 1990's
about him and my question is what is the full citation of it.

What I read on Netscape makes it entitled Hasan al-'Attar y la alfaz
al-lughawiya:(then more ambiguously)jasayuha wa anwa'iha---  compiled or
written by several authors, one of whom is Hasan, 'Abd...

This should be routine. First of all the bibliography listing it is on
the net but when I look in it this book isn't there.

It should still be routine. I look in RLIN, a colleague looks in First
Search- no dice.

So, does any one read the Arabic Department of the Philology Faculty at
Complutense U. in Madrid's bulletin (Boletin de Novedades)where Netscape
discerns this or is Netscape to be thought of like a good many other
research assistants whose names I have now forgotten.

Any precise information or suggestions would be appreciated
yours,
Peter Gran

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 01 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov  1 18:32:50 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 1 Nov 2000 12:32:50 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:LIT:Ulysses responses
Message-ID: <WED.1.NOV.2000.123250.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 01 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Ulysses response
1) Subject: Ulysses response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 01 Nov 2000
From: Rasheed El-Enany <r.el-enany at exeter.ac.uk>
Subject: Ulysses response

The Egyptian playwright, Tawfiq al-Hakim has written several works based on
Greek mythology, including Pygmalion and Oedipus among others.

Professor R. El-Enany
University of Exeter

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date: 01 Nov 2000
From: Dil Parkinson <dil at byu.edu>
Subject: Ulysses response

The comic Egyptian playwright Ali Salim has a satyrical Oedipus take-off.
Most readers apparently interpret the Oedipus charater as representing
Gamal Abd Al-Nasser.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 01 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov  1 18:42:38 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 1 Nov 2000 12:42:38 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:Arabic Numerals responses
Message-ID: <WED.1.NOV.2000.124238.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 01 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Arabic Numerals response
2) Subject: Arabic Numerals response
3) Subject: Arabic Numerals response
4) Subject: Arabic Numerals response
5) Subject: Arabic Numerals response
6) Subject: Arabic Numerals thanks

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 01 Nov 2000
From: "Henry C. Farrell" <charfar at worldnet.att.net>
Subject: Arabic Numerals response

I understand that Smith and Karpinski's "The Hindu-Arabic Numerals",
published in 1911, is still considered authoritative.

They give a table of many different forms of Hindu numerals used in India in
Medieval times in place value reckoning and with a symbol for zero. (p. 49)
Some are very like the American/European versions, some more like the ones
we think of as Arabic.

They also explain the the Arabs have always known that the numerals came
from India and have always called them "Hindi".  (p. 4)  They also state
that both forms of the numerals were is use in the Arab world in Al Mamun's
time (800's). (p. 98)  And that the one form was probably brought to Europe,
perhaps many times, by traders and travelers and used some in commerce
before 900 AD.
And that by 1003, even scholars of Europe had learned about the numerals
because of the introduction of Arabic learning.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date: 01 Nov 2000
From:  J.Schneider at epixtech.com
Subject: Arabic Numerals response

I cannot answer your questions authoritatively, but I will reference you to
a couple of books.  There is a brief chapter on numerology in "The World's
Writing Systems" by Peter T. Daniels and William Bright, pp 795-805.  This
book references several others.  One that may be helpful is "From One to
Zero: A Universal History of numbers" by Georges, Ifrah 1985.

Wayne S.
Provo, UT

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
3)
Date: 01 Nov 2000
From: Safa Jubran <jubran at osite.com.br>
Subject: Arabic Numerals response

Yes the numbers used by the most of arabic countries ara the 'hindi'
numbers, and the numbers used by the ocident ara the arabic ones. I can say
that an arabic manuscript from 13 century that i examined contains the hindi
numeral as still used now.
Safa

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
4)
Date: 01 Nov 2000
From: Veracocha7 at aol.com
Subject: Arabic Numerals response

Dil...

This issue has come up a lot in my studies.....the consensus seems to be that
the ancient "Arabic" numerals are the same as what we use.  Whereas, the
numbers used in the Middle East are "hindi" numbers.  As far as when or why
the switch was made by these countries...I don't know.  I just know that the
number issue is all backwards...us using Arabic numerals and Arabs using
Indian numbers.  Hope this helps a little...

V/R

Chris Holman

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
5)
Date: 01 Nov 2000
From: dwilmsen <dwilmsen at aucegypt.edu>
Subject: Arabic Numerals response

Hi Dil,

I can't answer the question about Spanish numbers.  I suppose they are
more-or-less the same as other numbers used in European languages.  Especially
when they are represented as figures and not words.  At least the ones I know
are, but they are from modern Spanish.

After I learned that the numerals in Arabic are called /arqaam hindiyya/ I
assumed that they were so called because the Arabs adopted them from the
Indians.  The west call their numerals "Arabic" because they adopted them from
the Arabs.  (This is occasionally cause for some amusement around here.)

I seem to recall that this was asserted to me as fact in my Arab history
classes.  Perhaps Hitti would have a windy discussion of it.

A point of interest:  in playing backgammon, the Persian names are used for
some throws of the dice - maybe all of them. I don't play backgammon, so I
can't give you a complete list of the throws.

All the best

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
6)
Date: 01 Nov 2000
From: Dil Parkinson <dil at byu.edu>
Subject: Arabic Numerals response

Thanks for the responses.  I searched on Yahoo for this topic, and got the
following interesting site, if anyone wants to actually see a chart of some
of the early forms:

http://www.gosai.com/chaitanya/saranagati/html/vishnu_mjs/math/math_4.html

Dil

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 01 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Thu Nov  2 16:04:15 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Thu, 2 Nov 2000 10:04:15 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:LIT:another Ulysses response
Message-ID: <THU.2.NOV.2000.100415.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Thu 02 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Ulysses response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 02 Nov 2000
From: Rahel Halabe <rahel at telus.net>
Subject: Ulysses response

The Ulysses Trilogy by Saad Elkhadem
Published in both Arabic and  English by York Press, Fredericton, Canada.
English translation ISBN 0-919966-63-2

Rahel

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 02 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Thu Nov  2 16:07:51 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Thu, 2 Nov 2000 10:07:51 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:Exeter Conference Final Call/Program
Message-ID: <THU.2.NOV.2000.100751.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Thu 02 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Exeter Conference Final Call /Program

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 02 Nov 2000
From:
Subject: Exeter Conference Final Call /Program

British Computer Society
Natural Language Translation Specialist Group
URL: http://www.bcs.org.uk/siggroup/nalatran/


MT 2000 - MACHINE TRANSLATION AND MULTILINGUAL APPLICATIONS IN=20
THE NEW MILLENNIUM

University of Exeter, United Kingdom: 19-22 November 2000


SECOND and FINAL CALL FOR PARTICIPATION

The Natural Language Translation Specialist Group of the British
Computer Society and the University of Exeter announce an
international conference to be held at the University of Exeter, UK
from Sunday evening 19 November to Wednesday morning 22 November 2000.
The event is a follow-up of the successful conference 'Machine
Translation: Ten Years On' held in 1994 at Cranfield University, UK.

Against the backdrop of an increasingly multilingual society, MT 2000
looks at the main challenges to MT and multilingual NLP at the dawn of
the new millennium. The focus of this year's conference is not only
recent machine translation research and products, but also the latest
multilingual developments in general. There are contributions from
researchers, users, educationalists and exhibitors in the field of
multilingual language engineering. Further information can be obtained
from our website at http://www.bcs.org.uk/siggroup/sg37.htm.

There will be daily keynote addresses as well as individual papers.
All papers presented at the conference will be available as a volume
of proceedings at the conference. A selection of papers may be
published in book form after the conference. There is also an
exhibition area for producers of multilingual software and a bookstall.

Attendees might like to know that the annual ASLIB conference on
'Translating and the Computer' takes place in London on the preceding
Thursday/Friday 16-17 November. Further information can obtained from
their website at http://www.aslib.co.uk.


Keynote Speakers:

Martin Kay (Xerox PARC)
Jun-ichi Tsujii (University of Tokyo)
Yorick Wilks (Sheffield University)


Papers:=20

Details of all 31 accepted papers are on our web-site at=20
http://www.bcs.org.uk/siggroup/nalatran/mt2000/papers.htm


Location:

MT 2000 is being held at the Crossmeads Conference Centre at the
University of Exeter. Exeter is an historic city in the heart of Devon
in the South West of England. The campus is celebrated as one of  the
most beautiful in the United Kingdom. Exeter's international airport
is a few miles away. There are good rail and coach links with London,
Birmingham and other UK cities. Please see their website for further
information at http://www.exeter.ac.uk.

Information will be available about a number of local attractions for
people accompanying attendees.


Programme=20

******************************************************

MONDAY 20 NOVEMBER

09.15
KEYNOTE SPEAKER
Martin Kay, Xerox PARC
Triangulation in Translation

THEMATIC GROUPING: MACHINE TRANSLATION 1

10.00 (R)
Towards memory and template-based translation synthesis
Christos Malavazos, Stelios Piperidis and George Carayannis
National Technical University of Athens, Greece

10.30 (R)
Building a lexicon for an English-Basque MT system from heterogeneous
wide-coverage dictionaries
Arantxa Diaz de Ilarraza, Aingeru Mayor, Kepa Sarasola
University of the Basque Country

11.00 COFFEE

11.30 (R)
An alignment architecture for translation memory bootstrapping
Ioannis Triantafyllou, Iason Demiros, Christos Malavazos, Stelios =
Piperidis
National Technical University of Athens, Greece

12.00 (R)
Applying machine translation resources for cross-language information =
access
from spoken documents
Gareth Jones
University of Exeter, UK

12.30 (R)
Effectiveness of layering translation rules based on transition networks =
in
machine translation using inductive learning with genetic algorithms
Hiroshi Echizen-ya, Kenji Araki, Yoshio Momouchi and Koji Tochinai
Hokkaido University, Japan

13.00 LUNCH

THEMATIC GROUPING: MULTILINGUAL RESOURCES AND TOOLS 1

14.30 (R)
EMILLE: building a corpus of South Asian languages
Anthony McEnery, Paul Baker, Rob Gaizauskas and Hamish Cunningham
Lancaster University, UK

15.00 (R)
Reusability of wide-coverage linguistic resources in the construction of
multilingual technical documentation
Arantxa Diaz de Ilarraza, Aingeru Mayor and Kepa Sarasola
University of the Basque Country

15.30 (S)
A part-of-speech tagger for Esperanto oriented to MT
Carlo Minnaja and Laura Paccagnella
University of Padova, San Marino

16.00 TEA=20

THEMATIC RESOURCES: MULTILINGUAL RESOURCES AND TOOLS 2

16.30 (R)
>>From the UNL Hypergraph to GETA's Multilevel Tree
Etienne Blanc
GETA, CLIPS, EMAG, Grenoble, France

17.00 (R)
Semi-automatic construction of multilingual lexicons
Lynne Cahill
University of Brighton, UK

17.30 (R)
Evaluation of statistical tools for automatic extraction of lexical
correspondences between parallel texts
Olivier Kraif
University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France

18.00 END

18.30-20.00 DINNER


***************************************

TUESDAY 21 NOVEMBER

09.15 KEYNOTE SPEAKER
Jun - Ichi Tsujii, University of Tokyo and UMIST
Japanese Experience in MT and Future Perspectives

THEMATIC GROUPING: MACHINE TRANSLATION 2

10.00 (R)
Machine translation by semantic features
Uzzi Ornan and Israel Gutter
Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Israel

10.30 COFFEE

11.00  (S)
Learning machine translation strategies using commercial systems: =
discovering
word reordering rules
Mikel L. Forcada
University of Alicante, Spain

11.25 (S)
Machine translation and multilingual communication on the internet
Muhammad Abdus Salam
Central Queensland University, Australia

11.50 (S)
An automated system for English-Arabic translation of scientific texts =
(SEATS)
Hoda M. O. Mokhtar, Nevin M. Darwish and Ahmed A. Rafea
Cairo University, Egypt

12.15 (S)
An example-based MT system in news items domain from English to Indian
languages
Sivaji Bandyopadhyay
Jadavpur University, Calcutta, India

13.00 LUNCH

THEMATIC GROUPING: ANAPHORA AND ELLIPSIS RESOLUTION

14.30 (R)
Semantic approach to bridging reference resolution
R.  Mu=F1oz, M. Saiz-Noeda, A. Su=E1rez and M. Palomar
University of Alicante, Spain

15.00 (R)
Evaluation environment for anaphora resolution=20
Catalina Barbu and Ruslan Mitkov
University of Wolverhampton, UK

15.30 (R)
NLP system oriented to anaphora resolution
Maximiliano Saiz-Noeda, Manual Palomar and David Farwell
New Mexico State University, USA

16.00  TEA

16.30 (R)
LINGUA: a robust architecture for text processing and anaphora =
resolution in
Bulgarian
Hristo Tanev and Ruslan Mitkov
University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria and University of Wolverhampton, UK

17.00 (R)=20
Grammar specification for the recognition of temporal expressions=20
Estela Sequete and Patricio Martinez-Barco=20
University of Alicante, Spain

17.30 (S)
VASISTH: an ellipsis resolution algorithm for Indian languages
L. Sobha and B. Patnaik
Mahatma Ghandi University, Kerala and Indian Institute of Technology, =
Kanpur,
India

18.00 END

19.30 CONFERENCE DINNER


***************************************


WEDNESDAY 22 NOVEMBER

THEMATIC GROUPING: AUTOMATIC ABSTRACTING AND GENERATION

10.00 (R)
Generating personal profiles
Jim Cowie, Sergei Nirenburg and Hugo Molina-Salgado
New Mexico State University, USA

10.30 (R)
A corpus-based English language assistant to Japanese software engineers
Masumi Narita
Software Research Centre, Tokyo, Japan

11.00 COFFEE

11.30 (R)
Generating from a discourse model
Rodolfo Delmonte, Dario Bianchi and Emanuele Pianta
University 'Ca Forscar', Venice

12.00 KEYNOTE SPEAKER
Yorick Wilks, University of Sheffield
Multilingual Extraction and MT

12.45 CONCLUDING REMARKS

13.00 LUNCH and DEPARTURE

******************************************************

Fees and Registration:

Conference fee:

					Standard	Members*
	Students

two and a half days		GBP 250	GBP 210	GBP 140
one day				GBP 120	GBP 100	GBP  70
half day (Wednesday)		GBP  60	GBP  50     GBP  35
   =20

* Discounted rates for members of BCS, IAMT, EAMT and ASLIB.


Accommodation and meals (including Banquet) from Sunday evening=20
to Wednesday morning

En-suite room			GBP 170

Standard room (limited no.)	GBP 140

Meals without accommodation	GBP  70


A discount of 10% will be allowed on the Conference Fees (only) for
payment before the end of September 2000.

Cancellation fee after end of October 2000: Any amount paid for
accommodation and/or  meals etc.=20

To register and to reserve accommodation please use this registration =
form


Registration for MT 2000:

Title: ________________________________________________
Name and initials: ____________________________________
Name for lapel label: _________________________________
Affiliation for lapel label: __________________________
Address: ______________________________________________
E-mail address: _______________________________________
Telephone no: _________________________________________
Fax no: _______________________________________________



Please specify any dietary or other requirements.

Payment must be made before or on arrival.

Any other arrangement must be made in advance of arrival by contacting
Mr. D.R.Lewis at Exeter University (d.r.lewis at exeter.ac.uk).

Methods of Payment

Either ...

By sterling cheque drawn on a U.K. bank made payable to Exeter
University, a/c MT 2000, addressed to Mr. D.R. Lewis, The Foreign
Language Centre,  University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QH, U.K.,=20

or,

By bank transfer to National Westminster Bank, Exeter University
branch (Sort Code: 600806), for the account of Exeter University,
account no: 00724890. Note: Please ensure your payment includes=20
all bank charges,

or,

By invoice (payment must reach us by 13 November 2000)=20
    Note: Please supply purchase order number if possible,

or,

By MasterCard/Visa credit card
  Please supply your 16 digit account number, expiry date, card
  holder's name and card holder's address if different from above.



Thankyou.

We look forward to seeing you at the Conference.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 02 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Thu Nov  2 16:05:01 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Thu, 2 Nov 2000 10:05:01 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:Hasan Al-Attar response
Message-ID: <THU.2.NOV.2000.100501.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Thu 02 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
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          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Hasan Al-Attar response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 02 Nov 2000
From: William J Kopycki Jr <kopycki at csd.uwm.edu>
Subject: Hasan Al-Attar response

Dr. Gran,

The search engine you used must have given you morphed results, that is,
what _appears_ to be a correct bibliographic citation is actually a
combination of two citations. Fortunately, the search engine Google tends
to cache a great number of pages whose real-time content has changed.

In any case, I believe the correct citation that you want is:

AUT: Thomas de Antonio, Clara Maria
TIT: Hasan al-'Attar y la literatura egipcia en la primera mitad del siglo
XIX.
PUB: Sevilla: Universidad, Facultad de Filologia, 1992
SIG: ARA 45-1-34
MAT: Literatura arabe s.19 Temas y motivos.
FEC: 1992.

Sincerely,

William Kopycki
Instructor/Project Assistant
School of Library and Information Science
University of Wisconsin--Milwaukee

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 02 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Tue Nov  7 00:05:23 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 6 Nov 2000 18:05:23 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:NACAL 29
Message-ID: <MON.6.NOV.2000.180523.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 06 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: NACAL 29

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 06 Nov 2000
From: Robin Thelwall & Rebecca Bradley <eubule at telusplanet.net>
Subject: NACAL 29

NACAL (North American Conference on Afroasiatic Linguistics)
29 will be held in Toronto from Friday 30 March - Sunday 1
April.  The American Oriental Society is also meeting that
weekend and there will be a joint session on the afternoon
of Friday.  The NACAL meeting is open to anyone interested.
Anyone interested in attending is asked to email:
Robin Thelwall <eubule at telusplanet.net> for further details
and registration.
Robin Thelwall

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 06 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Tue Nov  7 00:02:39 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 6 Nov 2000 18:02:39 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:Virginia/Yarmouk Summer 2001
Message-ID: <MON.6.NOV.2000.180239.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 06 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Virginia/Yarmouk Summer 2001

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 06 Nov 2000
From: Mohammed Sawaie <ms at virginia.edu>
Subject: Virginia/Yarmouk Summer 2001

The University of Virginia-Yarmouk University Summer Arabic Program
UVA in Jordan
			Summer 2001


The University of Virginia-Yarmouk University Summer Arabic Program
has been in operation since 1984. It is an intensive,
eight-week Program in Modern Standard Arabic, designed for
undergraduate and graduate students currently pursuing a
university degree. The Program focuses on all language
skills: listening, speaking, reading and writing. In
addition to Modern Standard Arabic, all students will take
a course in the Jordanian dialect. All courses will be
taught in Arabic. Instructors will be members of the
Yarmouk University faculty. Three levels of skill-based
instruction will be provided.


  * Intensive summer study of the Arabic Language at Yarmouk
UniversityIrbid, Jordan.
  *  Immersion in Arab Culture, and first-hand experience of
the Middle East through travel in the region.
  * Three levels of language instruction equivalent to
Second, Third, and Fourth year Arabic at the University of
Virginia.
  * Academic credit is transferable to your home institution
from Yarmouk University.
  * Cost is $3,365 + food and incidentals. This includes:

1.  International airfare (JFK-Amman-JFK).
2.  Accommodations in Yarmouk University dorms.
Tuition and Fees.
3.  Entry fees to archeological sites and two educational trips within Jordan.
  
 Students applying for the third and fourth year classes
are eligible for a Fulbright-Hayes grant.


PROGRAM DATES:
APPLICATION DEADLINE APRIL 6, 2001
PRE-DEPARTURE ORIENTATION AND GROUP TRAVEL JUNE 13, 2001
END OF PROGRAM AND RETURN TO NEW YORK AUGUST 12, 2001

For more information please Contact:
UVAYARMK at virginia.edu
Phone: (804) 982-2304
Fax: (804) 924-6977
Or visit our Web site at:
http://www.virginia.edu/~arabic/yarmuk_program.htm

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 06 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Tue Nov  7 00:07:26 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 6 Nov 2000 18:07:26 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:ALS 2001 Second Call
Message-ID: <MON.6.NOV.2000.180726.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 06 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
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          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: ALS 2001 Second Call

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 06 Nov 2000
From: Samira Farwaneh <s.farwaneh at m.cc.utah.edu>
Subject: ALS 2001 Second Call

Second Call For Papers

The Arabic Linguistics Society,
The University of Utah and
Brigham Young University

announce the

Fifteenth Annual Symposium on
Arabic Linguistics

to be held at

The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah

March 2-3 2001

Keynote Speaker: Stuart Davis, University of Indiana at Bloomington
Keynote Address: The Controversy over the Grammatical Status of Root
Consonants

Papers are invited on topics that deal with the application of current
linguistic theories and analyses to Arabic. Research in the following areas
of Arabic linguistics is encouraged: grammatical analysis (phonology,
morphology,  syntax, semantics), sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics,
discourse analysis,  historical linguistics, corpus linguistics, etc.

Persons interested in presenting papers are requested to submit a one-page
abstract giving the title of the paper, a brief statement of the topic, and
a  summary clearly stating how the topic will be developed (the reasoning,
data, or experimental results to be presented). Authors are requested to
beas specific  as possible in describing their topics. Abstracts should be
submitted by e-mail, where possible. The top lines of the message should
contain the authors name,  affiliation, address, phone number, e-mail
address, and the title of the paper.  The body of the abstract should then
follow after 4 blank lines. The heading  will be omitted before it is sent
to the members of the paper selection  committee. Please do not send
attachments. If submitted by mail,
both a disk copy and a hard copy are to be  included. Names are not to
appear on the abstract; instead, a 3x5 card with the  above information
should be enclosed. Twenty minutes will be allowed for each  presentation.

2000 ALS membership dues ($20 faculty, $15 students) and conference fees
($25 preregistered) are to be submitted with all abstracts and must be
received by the abstract deadline. Membership dues are non-refundable;
conference fees are refundable, if requested, only to those whose papers
are not accepted.

Deadline for Receipt of Abstracts
November 15 2000

Abstracts should be addressed to:
Tessa Hauglid
1346 South 2950 East
Spanish Fork UT 84660
Phone: 801-794-9387
E-Mail: tmh1 at mstar2.net

Other enquiries may be addressed to:
Samira Farwaneh
Voice: 801 581 4928
E-Mail: s.farwaneh at m.cc.utah.edu

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 06 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Tue Nov  7 00:09:41 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 6 Nov 2000 18:09:41 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:Acquisition of Arabic as L1 Query
Message-ID: <MON.6.NOV.2000.180941.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 06 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
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          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Acquisition of Arabic as L1 Query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 06 Nov 2000
From: Amr IBRAHIM <amr.ibrahim1 at libertysurf.fr>
Subject: Acquisition of Arabic as L1 Query

Supervising a graduate work on the acquisition of Arabic as a mother
tongue from a strictly linguistical point of view I noticed there were
nearly nothing writtten on the subject in English, French or Arabic. Is
there anybody working in the field? Is anyone familiar with serious
litterature about this question ?
With some of my colleagues I am planning to organise a meeting in Paris
at the end of 2001 to gather those who have something done in this
direction and wish to share their experience or look for new insights.
Therefore we would appreciate any kind of information related to the
acquisition of arabic as a mother thongue. We are also looking for
people interested by the meeting.
I shall post a summary as soon as the information received will deserve
it. Please feel free to answer in the language in which you feel more at
ease.

Amr Helmy IBRAHIM
amr.ibrahim1 at libertysurf.fr
Fax   33 1 48 00 09 42
-
Amr Helmy IBRAHIM
Professeur de Linguistique ? l'Universit? de Franche-Comt?

Responsable de la C.R.F.L.F.C.
Cellule de Recherche Fondamentale en Linguistique Fran?aise et Compar?e
Centre Lucien Tesni?res - ?quipe d'accueil n? 2283

5, rue Louis L?on Lepoutre   94130 Nogent-sur-Marne (FRANCE)
Tel. 33 1 48 76 09 57   ou     33 6 62 00 09 57
Fax 33 1 48 00 09 42    ou     (sur portable)  33 6 62 20 09 57
Courriel / e-mail      amr.ibrahim1 at libertysurf.fr

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 06 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Tue Nov  7 00:12:56 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 6 Nov 2000 18:12:56 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:AUC Arabic Programs
Message-ID: <MON.6.NOV.2000.181256.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 06 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: AUC Arabic Programs

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 06 Nov 2000
From: NIHAL TAMRAZ <nitamraz at aucegypt.edu>
Subject: AUC Arabic Programs


The American University in Cairo
The Arabic Language Institute

The Arabic Language Institute offers intensive Arabic
language courses for students, businessmen, diplomats,
scholars and others needing to gain a broad command of
contemporary Arabic as quickly and as effectively as
possible.  For over sixty years, this program has
attracted students form the United States, Africa,
Asia and Europe, offering intensive courses in both
modern standard and Egyptian colloquial Arabic.  The
Arabic Language Institute administers two programs of
intensive study of Arabic: the Intensive Arabic Language
(ALIN) and the Center for Arabic Study Abroad (CASA).

I. The Intensive Arabic Language (ALIN):
The Intensive Arabic Language (ALIN) is comprised of the
Elementary Level, Intermediate Level, and Advanced Level.

i. The Elementary Level:
The course, for beginners, runs from September to May.
The main emphasis in this level is on modern standard
Arabic, but about 30% of class time is devoted to
Egyptian colloquial Arabic.   Students who successfully
completes the first year of intensive study with the
Arabic Language Institute can expect to possess a
working competence in reading and writing modern
standard Arabic and understanding and speaking
Egyptian colloquial or modern standard Arabic.
ii. The Intermediate Level:
Course are designed for those who have completed the
elementary level or who have studied two or more years
elsewhere and can demonstrate a similar level of competence.
Students who complete this second year should be able to
read and write modern standard Arabic with some fluency,
to pursue study in topics that specially interest them in
Arabic, and o converse freely in Arabic.  They thus get
an opportunity to acquire vocabulary and terminology
related to such special fields of interest as business
and diplomacy.
iii. The Advance Level:
Exceptional students may wish to take a third year of
advanced work in reading and writing and lecture courses
in special topics.  At the end of such a course a student
should be able to compete with Arab students at the
university level.


II. Center for Arabic Studies Abroad (CASA)

The Center for Arabic Studies Abroad (CASA) is an intensive
and advanced Arabic program for American graduate and
undergraduate students who have had at least two years
of instruction in Arabic.  CASA is a consortium of twenty-one
American universities including AUC.  It's objective is
to raise the level and broaden the base of Arabic language
competence in the American academic community.

Each year, this exclusive program offers grants to twenty-five
M.A. and Ph.D. students to participate in this program.
Students are chosen to participate in the program on the basis
of a competitive examination given ever February in the
United States.  They must be American citizens or permanent
residents, and be enrolled in a recognized institution of
learning in the US or Europe.

The CASA program has two components: the summer immersion
program and the full-year intensive Arabic study.
The summer program emphasises the spoken Arabic of
Cairo with some attention to modern standard Arabic.
Students in the full-year program develop a
facility in the use of the four major language skills:
speaking, listening, reading and writing.  In addition
to these programs, CASA provides a summer program for
professors of humanities alternating with a program for
teachers of as a foreign language.

The internationally recognized success of this program is
also manifested in the fact that about 90 percent of
Americans teaching Arabic in the United States have
come through CASA.  CASA is also well known to Arab
immigrants in the US, and Europe as a place where they
can send their children, as Edward Said puts it, "to learn
the language and culture of their heritage."   Said was
proud of his son Wadie, who in 1994, "perfected his quite
extraordinary command of Arabic at CASA in AUC.

Notable CASA graduates include Edward Walker, former
U.S. Ambassador to Egypt, as well as the president and
provost of the American University of Beirut
(AUB), John Waterbury and Peter Heath, respectively.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 06 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Tue Nov  7 00:13:44 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 6 Nov 2000 18:13:44 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:Where's Deeb?
Message-ID: <MON.6.NOV.2000.181344.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 06 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Where's Deeb?

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 06 Nov 2000
From:  Muhammad Deeb <mdeeb at gpu.srv.ualberta.ca>
Subject: Where's Deeb?

	My apologies to all friends and all lists for not being able to
respond to previous and forthcoming messages.  While I can send messages,
I haven't been able to open my Inbox since late Thursday (Nov 2, 2000).
This situation ironically defines a one-way electronic love; that's
electronic unrequited love.

	The problem can be one of many possibilities: (a) my system has
been infected with a virus; (b) I exceeded the server space quota, as I
receive an average daily harvest of 750 e-mail pieces; (c) something is
wrong with the U. of A. server; (b) all the above.  (My quandary and
attendant multiple choice is likely to make my students rub their hands in
glee!)

	Their is nothing I can possibly do during the weekend.  I hope to
have this problem resolved by the university Telecommunications Services
on Monday.  I count on your understanding.

						M. Deeb

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 06 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Tue Nov  7 00:01:11 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 6 Nov 2000 18:01:11 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:Farsi in Arabic MS Word response
Message-ID: <MON.6.NOV.2000.180111.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 06 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
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          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Farsi in Arabic MS Word response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 06 Nov 2000
From: Mutarjm at aol.com
Subject: Farsi in Arabic MS Word response

[moderators note: this message was mislaid, and so didn't get posted with
the other responses.  Sorry. Dil]

Greetings.

Today is Friday, October 27th.

I do some occasional into-Farsi work, so here is a solution you might try
that may reduce the travail of UNICODE <-> MS code keystroke clusters.

After some creative and persistent keyboard mapping in Arabic MS Word 97, I
made a MS Word "reference file" of those Farsi characters and numerals. I can
send that to you.

When creating a Farsi document, I open that reference file, keep it in the
background behind the Farsi file I am creating and then "copy-and-paste" the
distinctive Farsi item (cheh, peh, zheh, gheh) into the text where needed.
The pasted items conform to regular MS Word conventions re attaching to
following letter, medial form, and the like.

If the new Farsi file is small (1 or 2 pages), to simplify accessibility, I
sometimes paste the letters and numerals at the top of the page where I am
working.

Paul Nelson at Microsoft posted recently that MS Windows 2000's multilanguage
support feature is UNICODE-based. Farsi characters are apparently inside MS
Windows 2000 (MS Win 2K recognized, displayed and manipulated Farsi items
when I inserted them on another PC), but they take some keyboard searching
and stroking to find.

The Arabic versions of MS Windows 98/MS ME are the last to use MS proprietary
code.

HTH.

Khair, in sha' Allah.

Regards from Los Angeles,

Steve Franke

e-mail: < mutarjm at aol.com >

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 06 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Tue Nov  7 00:04:04 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 6 Nov 2000 18:04:04 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:Intensive Arabic in Norway Jan-May 2001
Message-ID: <MON.6.NOV.2000.180404.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 06 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
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          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Intensive Arabic in Norway Jan-May 2001

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 06 Nov 2000
From: Joseph Norment Bell <joseph.bell at msk.uib.no>
Subject: Intensive Arabic in Norway Jan-May 2001

FULL TIME BASIC ARABIC -  Jan. 15 - May 11, 2001; Exam late May to early
June 2001
Bergen, Norway

The University of Bergen is considering opening its full-time, intensive
basic Arabic course, taught in English, to students from non-Norwegian
universities and others with a college/university background who may need a
knowledge of Arabic in their work. Credit for full-time study for one
semester will be given (10 Norwegian credits, equal to about 15 American).

Tuition will be about USD 4000 for the semester, plus some nominal
registration fees. Students coming under exchange agreements from
universities that have such agreements with the university of Bergen will
not be charged tuition.

It is not yet certain that the course will be opened in January, but we
expect a decision reasonably soon. This message is being sent to give those
who might wish to attend the opportunity to begin planning.

The purpose of the course is to give a comprehensive overview of Arabic
grammar and as much written and oral fluency in the language as the time
limit of one semester allows. Beginning courses taught  at universities and
language schools in the Middle East tend to be less structured and teaching
is usually based on traditional Arabic grammar, which compounds the
difficulties of learning the language, since the student must at the same
time acquire the concepts and classificatory schemes of the medieval Arab
grammarians.

The Bergen course is specifically designed to help students who wish to
continue their study of  Arabic in an Arab country by giving them a
framework, based in part on familiar Western grammatical categories, to
which they will be able to relate the mass of new material with which they
will be faced when they begin studying in the Arab world. Ideally the
student should follow up the course immediately at a summer school in an
Arab country. It will also be possible to continue full-time study of Arabic
in Bergen in the fall of 2001 (Written Arabic, Spoken Modern Standard
Arabic, and the Cairene dialect).

The course consists of 12 contact hours per week over 14 weeks (total 168
contact hours) followed by a one-week reading period.

Full-time study in Norway is not defined in terms of contact hours at
present, and the number of contact hours is less, for example, than in a
normal American semester. Anyone interested in the course for whom this
might be a problem should contact us without delay, since the possibility of
increasing the number of hours exists.

The examination consists of an 8-hour written test towards the end of May
and a short oral examination (about 20 minutes) held early in June.

There are numerous holidays in Norway in May and early June, including the
Ascension, Pentecost (Sunday and the following Monday), and the colorful
Norwegian national holiday on the 17th of May. Between the end of teaching
and the examination, students should have an opportunity to experience some
of the most interesting facets of Norwegian cultural life and to see some of
the natural beauty of Western Norway. The well-known Bergen Music Festival
also takes place towards the end of May.

Anyone interested in participating in the course should contact Joseph N.
Bell by e-mail (joseph.bell at msk.uib.no) as soon as possible.

Joseph N. Bell
Professor of Arabic
University of Bergen
Section for Middle Eastern Languages and Cultures
Sydnesplass 12
N-5007 Bergen
Norway

tlf. +47 5558 2860
fax  +47 5558 9410
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 06 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Tue Nov  7 00:11:21 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 6 Nov 2000 18:11:21 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:New Book
Message-ID: <MON.6.NOV.2000.181121.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 06 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Grammatical Markedness and Information Processing in the
Acquisition of
Arabic as a Second Language

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 06 Nov 2000
From: LINCOM.EUROPA at t-online.de (LINCOM EUROPA) [reposted from LINGUIST]
Subject: Grammatical Markedness and Information Processing in the
Acquisition of
Arabic as a Second Language

Grammatical Markedness and Information Processing in the Acquisition of
Arabic as a Second Language

FETHI MANSOURI
Deakin University

This book presents a comprehensive investigation into the acquisition
of Arabic as a second language. It has two primary objectives: first
to establish the developmental sequence for the acquisition of Arabic
interlanguage morphology and syntax; second to investigate
cross-linguistically certain claims and principles proposed in
Pienemann's (1998) Processability theory. This second objective is
particularly important as it explores issues of language processing
and language development (Clahsen 1984; Pienemann 1998) in a second
language acquisition (SLA) context where the target language (Arabic)
is typologically different to those languages previously investigated,
in particular, English, German and Spanish. The main research
questions stem from: Processability-related SLA research (Pienemann
1994, 1998; Johnston 1995; Andersen 1991); Arabic L1 research (Omar
1973); and Arabic SLA research (Al-Buanain 1987; Mansouri 1995, 1997).
With regard to the morpho-syntactic predictions generated through
Processability-related research, the findings of this study are
consistent with those reported by Pienemann (1994) and Johnston (1995)
on the acquisition of German and Spanish respectively. However, the
findings that relate to interlanguage morphology are less consistent
with the Processability-generated predictions.




Table of Contents:
Introduction

Chapter 1:  Description of the Arabic language
            Diglossia in Arabic
	    Linguistic description
	    Verbal morphology
            Phrasal agreement
	    Inter-phrasal agreement
	    Linguistic theory adopted in this study
	    Lexical Functional Grammar

Chapter 2:  Review of the relevant literature
	    Arabic L1 studies
	    Arabic L2 studies
	    Cross-linguistic studies on the acquisition of morpho-syntax

Chapter 3:  Theoretical framework
	    Historical perspective on SLA theories
	    Theoretical considerations
	    A Processability approach
	    Lexical Functional Grammar revisited
	    Research questions and hypotheses

Chapter 4:  Data-generated acquisition stages
	    Acquisition stages for interlanguage syntax
            Acquisition stages for interlanguage morphology
            Research questions in light of the overall findings

Chapter 5:  Theoretical discussion
            The Processability approach in light of the findings of this study
            Teachability issues

Chapter 6:  Conclusion
            Theoretical implications of the studys findings

References

Appendices




ISBN 2 89586 952 X.
LINCOM Studies in Language Acquisition 02.
Ca. 260pp. USD 65 / DM 120 / ? 40.

New: A Students' and course discount of 40% is offered to the above
     title.

Ordering information for individuals: Please give us your creditcard no.
/ expiry date. Prices in this information include shipment worldwide by
airmail. A standing order for this series is available with special
discounts offered to individual subscribers.

Free copies of LINCOM's new catalogue for 2001 (project line 11) are
available from LINCOM.EUROPA at t-online.de.

LINCOM EUROPA, Freibadstr. 3, D-81543 Muenchen, Germany;
FAX +49 89 62269404;
http://www.lincom-europa.com
LINCOM.EUROPA at t-online.de.


--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 06 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Tue Nov  7 18:50:53 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Tue, 7 Nov 2000 12:50:53 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:L1 Responses
Message-ID: <TUE.7.NOV.2000.125053.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Tue 07 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: L1 Response
2) Subject: L1 Response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 07 Nov 2000
From: "Ernest N. McCarus" <enm at umich.edu>
Subject: L1 Response

A comprehensive study of L1 acquisition in an Egyptian village of 37
children aged six months to 15 years is found in

MARGARET KLEFFNER OMAR, The Acquisition of Egyptian Arabic as a Native
Language, Janua Linguarum, Series Practica, 160.  The Hague: Mouton, 1973;
xix, 205 pp.

Ernest McCarus

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date: 07 Nov 2000
From: Louis Boumans <louis.boumans at freeler.nl>
Subject: L1 Response

In response to Amr Ibrahim's query, I can point to the following references:

Bos, Petra (1997). Development of Bilingualism. A study of school-age Moroccan
children in the Netherlands (Studies in Multilingualism 8). Tilburg: Tlburg
University Press.

Aftat, Mokhtar (1982). The Acquisition of Negation and Wh-Questions in a
Moroccan Arabic Speaking Four-Year-Old Child.(Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis,
University of Texas). ?

best regards, Louis Boumans
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Rijksuniversiteit Leiden, CNWS,
Postbus 9515, 2300 RA Leiden,
+31-71-527 29 93
_louisboumans at rullet.leidenuniv.nl_

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 07 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Tue Nov  7 18:51:49 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Tue, 7 Nov 2000 12:51:49 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA: NCOLCTL 2001
Message-ID: <TUE.7.NOV.2000.125149.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Tue 07 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: NCOLCTL 2001

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 07 Nov 2000
From: Scott McGinnis <smcginnis at nflc.org>
Subject: NCOLCTL 2001 --Less Commonly Taught Languages

 CALL FOR PROPOSALS

 National Council of Organizations of Less Commonly Taught Languages
 Fourth Annual Conference
 Washington, D.C.
 April 6-8, 2001
 Research and Development in the Less Commonly Taught Languages.

 The Fourth Annual Conference of the National Council of Organizations
 of Less Commonly Taught Languages (NCOLCTL) is scheduled for
 metropolitan Washington, D.C. on April 6-8, 2001. The first day of the
 conference (April 6) will be held at the Foreign Service Institute in
 Arlington, Virginia, and the final two days at the Holiday Inn
 Arlington in Ballston, VA.

 Proposals are solicited for individual papers, colloquia and poster
 sessions. The formats are described below. Each proposed presentation
 should address issues that clearly relate to more than just one
 particular language and should fall within one or more of the
 Conference theme of "Research and Development in the Less Commonly
 Taught Languages."  Sessions might include:
 *	Discussion of important research questions for the LCTLs;
 *	Application of other research to important questions for the
 LCTLs;
 *	Reports on empirical, ethnographic, linguistic, and/or classroom
 research;
 *	Initiatives to develop programs in the LCTs for any customer
 base, including distance learning and heritage communities;
 *	Inservice and/or pre-service teacher development initiatives;
 *	Use of technology in instructional programs;
 *	Innovative instructional materials or learning activities for an
 LCTL; and
 *	Other topics related to the theme

 Individual papers are 20 minutes long. A paper should focus clearly on
 one or more issues related to the real world needs for language
 expertise in the less commonly taught languages. Papers may be based
 on research or practical experience.

 Colloquia are 90 minutes. A colloquium proposal should specify three
 or more presenters who will address one of the conference themes.
 Preference will be given to panels that cut across different languages
 or language groups.

 Poster and presentation sessions may focus on completed work or work
 in progress related to the teaching and/or learning of less commonly
 taught languages.  They may be of either the traditional poster format
 (most often used for research-based presentations) or demonstrations
 of instructional or information technology; however, any proposal
 requiring technical support must specify the type of hardware and
 software needed in as much detail as possible.

 Proposals should indicate the relevant conference theme and kind of
 presentation (paper, colloquium or poster session) in the upper
 left-hand corner, and the name of the presenter and the presenter's
 primary language(s) in the upper right-hand corner. The proposed title
 should not exceed ten words. Proposals may not exceed one page in
 length.

 All proposals for the NCOLCTL Conference should be sent to the
 following address by hard copy or email:
 			Frederick H. Jackson
  			NCOLCTL Conference Program Chair
 			School of Language Studies
 			Foreign Service Institute
 			4000 Arlington Boulevard
 			Arlington, VA 22207
 			Email: jacksonfh at state.gov

 The final deadline for receipt of proposals is December 1, 2000. The
 Program Committee will notify those who submitted proposals by January
 1, 2001, whether their proposal has been accepted.

 Questions regarding the conference may be directed to either Dr.
 Jackson or:

 			Scott McGinnis
 			National Foreign Language Center
 			1029 Vermont Avenue, NW, Suite 1000
 			Washington, DC 20005
 			Phone 	202-637-8881 X28
 			Fax	202-637-9244
 			Email	smcginnis at nflc.org

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 07 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov  8 16:02:31 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 8 Nov 2000 10:02:31 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:L1 Research Response
Message-ID: <WED.8.NOV.2000.100231.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 08 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: L1 Research Response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 01 Nov 2000
From: alhawar at american.edu
Subject: L1 Research Response

Here is a list of references that I hope may be useful to you:


Abu El-Haija, Lutfi Ahmad. (1981).  The Acquisition of the Negation System
in Arabic as Spoken in Jordan.  Doctoral dissertation, The Pennsylvania
State University.

Aftat, Mukhtar.  (1982).  The Acquisition of Negation and Wh-Questions in a
Moroccan Arabic Speaking Four-Year-Old Child.  Doctoral dissertation,
University of Texas, Austin.

Aller, Y. Sonia Konialian. (1978).  The Acquisition of Relative Clause
Constructions in Arabic.  Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University.

Badry, Fatima.  (1982).  Acquisition of Lexical Derivation Rules in
Moroccan Arabic:  Implications for the Development of Standard Arabic as a
Second Language through Literacy.  Doctoral dissertation, University of
California, Berkeley.

Omar, Margaret K. (1973).  The Acquisition of Egyptian Arabic as a Native
Language.   Mouton, The Hague. (Doctoral dissertation, Georgetown
University.

Smadi, Oglah Mahmoud. (1979).  The Acquisition of Jordanian Arabic
Interrogation and Negation by a Three-Year-Old Speaker of Jordanian Arabic.
Doctoral dissertation, University of Texas, Austin.


Best,
Mohammad T. Alhawary

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 08 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov 15 18:26:37 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 15 Nov 2000 12:26:37 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:Need DC Area Arabic tutor
Message-ID: <WED.15.NOV.2000.122637.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 01 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Need DC Area Arabic tutor

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 01 Nov 2000
From: "A. R. Goldman" <argoldman at mindspring.com>
Subject: Need DC Area Arabic tutor

As salaamu alaykum:

I live in the Washington DC area, and hoped that the members of this list
might be able to help me pursue my Arabic studies...

I completed about one year of college level Arabic (with a private tutor) a
couple of years ago, and would like to return to a study of the language. I
got the basics, but my knowledge of grammar, particularly the verb forms,
and my vocabulary are not at the level needed for the study of the Qur'an
(my primary focus). I would of course be interested in the study of MSA if
this could be accomplished concurrently.

Also, I have hopes of learning the rules of Tajweed; it would be ideal if
this could be accomplished with one instructor...

I posted a similar message about 18 months ago, and apologize for the (late)
repetition, but in a area as transient as WDC, there is always the hope that
I might find someone to help me with these goals...

Many thanks...

Ma's Salaam

Abdur Rahman Goldman

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 01 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Nov 20 18:04:00 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 20 Nov 2000 12:04:00 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:waadii ar-raafidayn query
Message-ID: <MON.20.NOV.2000.120400.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 20 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: waadii ar-raafidayn query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 20 Nov 2000
From: Srpko Lestaric <srpkole at EUnet.yu>
Subject: waadii ar-raafidayn query

Mesopotamia (waadii maa bayna an-nahrayn) is, as all know, also called
waadii ar-raafidayn.
Is there a particular English equivalence to this beautiful way of naming
the land between and around Tigris and Euphrates?
Thanks.

Srpko Lestaric

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 20 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Nov 20 18:05:04 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 20 Nov 2000 12:05:04 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:New Word Formation and OCR Query
Message-ID: <MON.20.NOV.2000.120504.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 20 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: New Word Formation and OCR Query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 20 Nov 2000
From: Amin Almuhanna <MCUIGAA2 at fs1.ccl.umist.ac.uk>
Subject: New Word Formation and OCR Query

Hi,

I need some help with the following:
What are the different (maybe agreed upon?) mechanisms used
to coin new terms in Arabic? I understand that Arabic has a very
strong derivation (ishtiqaq) ability, so to speak, to introduce new
terms to the language. But what are the next preferred or used
mechanism if derivation fails. For example, where does borrowing,
compounding aand/or transliteration come? Could someone
please lead to relevant sources?
Also, Does anyone know of the best and most efficient Arabic
OCR in the market?

Thank you,
Amin Almuhanna

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 20 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Nov 20 18:09:50 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 20 Nov 2000 12:09:50 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:Mixing Scripts on QuarkXPress Query
Message-ID: <MON.20.NOV.2000.120950.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 20 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Mixing Scripts on QuarkXPress Query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 20 Nov 2000
From: Aaron Jensen <ajj3 at email.byu.edu>
Subject: Mixing Scripts on QuarkXPress Query

I have been using QuarkXPress Passport v4.04. I purchased the ArabicXT
extention, which allows QuarkXPress Passport to work with Arabic, Latin,
and Cyrillic alphabets all in the same text boxes. The Arabic fonts which
will work with ArabicXT, however, are special fonts made just for use with
QuarkXPress, meaning they cannot be used in other applications, nor can
QuarkXPress use any other Arabic fonts.

My problem is that I need also to use Hebrew fonts in the same text boxes
as the Arabic, Latin, and Cyrillic. As you well know, Arabic and Hebrew
alphabets are written from right to left, as opposed to the left-to-right
Latin and Cyrillic alphabets.

Aramedia, the company which designed ArabicXT, has a HebrewXT with special
Hebrew fonts that work about the same way as the ArabicXT fonts work.
Without using HebrewXT, I have tried installing standard Hebrew fonts
(using the Hebrew Language kit) onto my computer to use with the ArabicXT
extention, but they type from left to right, and render themselves mixed up
with a lot of non-Hebrew characters.

The company, Aramedia, says that if I purchase their HebrewXT software for
$700, I will be able to use Hebrew and Arabic, but not at the same time.
This is no help to me. I can't afford to spend so much money on something
that won't give me the features I need.

I do have Nissus Writer, and it looks fine in Nissus Writer. But I need to
do this project in QuarkXPress, because I will be publishing, and Nissus
Writer does not print the look I need.

Does anybody have any recommendations? Has anybody tried this and gotten it
to work or fail? What did you do to make it so? What other
publishing-quality programs (besides word processing programs) can place
Arabic, Hebrew, Greek, and Latin all in the same paragraphs?

If anybody has an answer, please send it soon. Time is against me.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 20 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Nov 20 18:43:05 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 20 Nov 2000 12:43:05 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:bosta query
Message-ID: <MON.20.NOV.2000.124305.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 01 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: bosta query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 01 Nov 2000
From: Dil Parkinson <dil at byu.edu>
Subject: bosta query

A student came up the other day and asked me what bosta meant in Arabic,
and I told him it meant the Post Office, and he told me about a Fayruz Song
called al-bosta, so I said facetiously that it must be something like the
Pop Song "Please Mr. Postman" or something.
Anyway, the next day he brings me a translation of the lyrics of the song
that he got off the net, and it has to do with a bus rather than the mail.
Knowing next to nothing about Fayruuz lyrics, and about as little about
Lebanese dialects, I was stumped.  Can someone tell me whether bosta means
'bus' in Lebanese dialect in general (or in some more specific one).
It's possible that he has the wrong word, or course, or that I misheard.
If there is some kind of isogloss between where bosta means post office and
where it means bus, where would that isogloss be?
For your reference, here are the lyrics of the song he downloaded.
Dil

The Bus Song
I am so eager to see your eyes
That I crossed great distances for them
You have no idea what your dark eyes stir in me
By the roar of the bus we traveled
And I remembered you, Alia
And I remembered your eyes
And God forgive you, Alia
What beautiful eyes you have.
On our way up, it was so hot we reeked
Some ate lettuce others munched on figs
This one guy brought with him his wife
God, how ugly was that wife
I envy them the passengers to Tannurin
They take things in stride
But they don't know, Alia
What beautiful eyes you have.
Way up we went without even paying our fare
Sometimes we trussed the rattling door
Sometimes we calmed the passengers
The guy with his wife blushed
And his wife got dizzy
I swear he would have let her
Go up on her own
Had he known, Alia,
What beautiful eyes you have
O driver, if you'd only shut that window
The wind, O driver
We'll catch cold from the wind
The wind, O driver.


--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 01 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Tue Nov 21 16:54:18 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Tue, 21 Nov 2000 10:54:18 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:OCR Query
Message-ID: <TUE.21.NOV.2000.105418.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Tue 21 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
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          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: OCR Query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 21 Nov 2000
From: GnhBos at aol.com
Subject: OCR Query

Sakhr's Automatic Reader 5.0 is multilingual Optical
Character Recognition (OCR) program, sets world
standards in accuracy and speed for converting
scanned documents to editable text files. Sakhr's
OCR builds entire archives in Arabic, Farsi, English,
and ten European languages without typing a single
character.  Sakhr's OCR program is a dependable and
time saving solution.

Sakhr's OCR (Professional or Office) can easily create,
collect, access, and index documents in just minutes.
Preserves layout, columns, tables, and graphics of the
original documents.  Results are checked Automatically
against the originals.  Users can access Sakhr's award
winning suite of dictionaries and text handling tools
directly from Automatic Reader or from within MS Arabic
Word, Office 95, or Office 97.

KEY FEATURES:

Multilingual: Recognize English and Arabic or English
and Farsi within the same 'pass'. Higher Accuracy: 99%
accuracy on laser-quality fonts.  Ten minutes training
raises accuracy to 99.8%. Faster Speed: Recognize up
to 500 characters per second. Choices: Speed of
intelligent Omni technology, or accuracy of pretrained
font recognition; displaying Arabic diacritical markings,
or not. Flexibility: Recognize documents of widely varying
print quality; include or exclude parts of image files.
Retain columns, tables, graphics, or font features that
are key ingredients of documents. Supports HTML and Unicode,
as well as TIF, PCX, BMP, MAG, TGA, GIF, DCX, AND JPG image
files. New: Text Boxes control recognition of text; Auto
adjusts image position; Personal Archiver edits and saves
images; Direct Link to email for sending text output.
Wizards guide new users through scanning to saving the new
text file. Tutorial: Trains new OCR users.

Automatic Reader utilizes Sakhr's innovative Arabic/Farsi
OCR engine with Scansoft's award-winning TextBridge.
OCR 13 languages, as well as bilingual text: Arabic,
Farsi, English, French, German, Austrian, Italian,
Spanish, Portuguese, Norwegian, Swedish, Danish, and
Finnish.

Automatic Reader 5.0 is available in two versions:

The OFFICE Version--OCR capabilities in Arabic and English
only; also bilingual documents.  This version provides top
quality Omni technology for conversion of scanned text.
The Office Version does not have a batch mode feature,
spell checker, OLE and DDE capabilities, or trainability.


The PROFESSIONAL Version-OCR in Arabic, Farsi, English,
bilingual documents, and ten additional languages.  This
version also adds training technology to Omni technology
to further raise accuracy levels.  Users access 4 batch
modes, can train the program in specific fonts, use spell
checkers, Arabic linguistic rules, and OLE and DDE
features.

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS: Pentium PC, VGA, CDROM,
16MB RAM, minimum 65MB storage available on hard disk
MS Arabic Windows 95/98/NT-WS (for Farsi and Arabic)
MS Windows 95/NT-WS (for the other 11 languages)

http://www.aramedia.com/ocr.htm

Ahlan Wa Sahlan...

George N. Hallak
AramediA Group
761 Adams Street
Boston, MA 02122, USA

http://www.aramedia.com
mailto:info at aramedia.com
T 617-825-3044 F 265-9648
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 21 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Tue Nov 21 16:53:12 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Tue, 21 Nov 2000 10:53:12 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:Quark Responses
Message-ID: <TUE.21.NOV.2000.105312.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Tue 21 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Quark Response
2) Subject: Quark Response
3) Subject: Quark Response
4) Subject: Quark Response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 21 Nov 2000
From: Kino <quinon at yhb.att.ne.jp>
Subject: Quark Response

Hello

There is a free utility program named Reverse, which reverses automaticaly
the strings. As this is a World Script aware program, you could use it
with Hebrew script, I think. The download page is:
<http://www.geomtech.com/~rminer/reverser/>

DTP program Ready-Set-Go! Global supports *all* the languages kits of Mac
OS. It costs more than 800 USD, but might be worth trying since this is
not a mere "extension" but a whole program package. You can read its
features and download a demo at:
<http://www.diwan.com/ready/prsg.htm>

As I don't know Hebrew nor DTP things, I'm not sure whether this meets
your needs
or not.

Hope this helps

Yusuke KINOSHITA

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date: 21 Nov 2000
From: alex khalil <iskandar at ee.tamu.edu>
Subject: Quark Response

Aaron

  I use Nisus with both scripts and Quark with ArabicXT.

  Layout S.A.L is a Lebanese company that wrote ArabicXT.  See their
web site for a software update and for the email address of the support
team. [Aramedia is one of the US distributors]

  The one time I asked for help [installing on a recent system], they sent
me a software update that fixed it.

  If your problem has no solution within Quark, would you consider
creating an EPS with Nisus and importing it into the Quark document?

alex

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
3)
Date: 21 Nov 2000
From: "Rahawi, Mohammed" <RahawiM at state.gov>
Subject: Quark Response

Are you familiar with al-Nashir al-Sahafi from Diwan Software?
Try downloading their demo version. It works just like QuarkXpress. You can
have Arabic, Hebrew and English in the same word, line and paragraph.
Address is: diwan.com

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
3)
Date: 21 Nov 2000
From:  Paul Nelson <paulnel at microsoft.com>
Subject: Quark Response

Microsoft Publisher has been enabled for Complex scripts in the coming
version. I am happy to work with anyone who has a real world issue in mixing
languages that needs to publish.

The official release is scheduled for March. However, I can work with some
people as beta testers. If you are interested, please contact me directly.

Mixing Arabic, Hebrew, Syriac, Cyrillic, Greek, Japanese, Chinese, and any
other languages supported by Microsoft Windows 2000 is easily handled in
Publisher (the beauty of Unicode at work).

Paul

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 21 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Tue Nov 21 16:56:15 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Tue, 21 Nov 2000 10:56:15 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:Arabic vowels query
Message-ID: <TUE.21.NOV.2000.105615.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Tue 21 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Arabic vowels query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 21 Nov 2000
From: mohd at mail.ukans.edu
Subject: Arabic vowels query

Salam All,
I need a fast and as precise as possible an answer on how many vowels Arabic
language has,excluding the diphthongs(ai,au,etc.) I know the basic three [ae]
as in the English cat [kaet]and the long [u:] as in the English hood [hu:d]
and the long [i:] as in the English heed  [hi:d]. If there's any specific
reference,pls let me know. If you can provide with a list of words including
these vowels,that will be great, something like the English list: bead, bid,
bed, bad, bod(y),
bawd, budd(hist), booed, bud and bird.
Thanks a lot,
Mohammad Al-Masri.
Univ. of Kansas

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 21 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Tue Nov 21 19:32:36 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Tue, 21 Nov 2000 13:32:36 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:bosta responses
Message-ID: <TUE.21.NOV.2000.133236.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Tue 21 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: bosta response
2) Subject: bosta response
3) Subject: bosta response
4) Subject: bosta response
5) Subject: bosta response
6) Subject: bosta response
7) Subject: bosta response
8) Subject: bosta response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 21 Nov 2000
From: "Chouairi, R. MR           DFL" <GR6548 at exmail.usma.army.mil>
Subject: bosta response

Dear Bosta Friends
This song was first written and composed by Ziad al-Rahbani not for his
mother Fayrouz but for the late Joseph Saqr in the late seventies.  Fayrouz
sang this song first at the Olympia in Paris in 1978.  Bosta is the way the
Beiruties pronounce Bousta or Boosta the word for bus in dialect.  A similar
words are Fasoolia (beans) in the rest of Lebanon, Fasolia in Beirut...
Sorry I am hungry now.
Rajaa Chouairi

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date: 21 Nov 2000
From: Salim Khaldieh <aa3984 at wayne.edu>
Subject: bosta response

"Bosta" means "Bus" in Lebanese.  It's the main theme of Fayrouz song "9ala
Hadiir al-Bosta".  Alos, "Bosta" is still used by many people especially in
offices and banks to mean "mail".

Salim Khaldieh, Ph.D.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
3)
Date: 21 Nov 2000
From: Waheed Samy <wasamy at umich.edu>
Subject: bosta response

Dil, I can confirm that bosta does mean a bus.  I went to school for a
couple of years
when I was a kid (57-59) in Beirut Lebanon, and used to ride the school bus.
It is
called bosta.
I don't think the Lebanese call the post bosta.  I don't have a memory of
that though.

Waheed

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
4)
Date: 21 Nov 2000
From: Srpko Lestaric <srpkole at EUnet.yu>
Subject: bosta response

Dear Dil,
This was quite an amusing story. Yes, it is a bus, you can be positive. You
see, during the middle of this century buses were called "bosta" (or, in
Serbo-Croat, "poshta", etc.) in many underdeveloped countries as they use to
BRING the post from towns to villages once or twice a week. So it was in
Lebanon. I can personally confirm this for:

1-Lebanon
2-Serbia and almost all the lands of the former Yugoslavia.

Cordially,
Srpko

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
5)
Date: 21 Nov 2000
From: Sami Boudelaa <sami.boudelaa at mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk>
Subject: bosta response

	Hi Dil,
	In my native dialect, Southern Tunisian Arabic the word "bosta"
means both
"post office" and "bus". I don't have a clue why it has come to mean "bus"
or indeed "coach". When if first heard Fairuz's lyric "Aa hadiir il-bosta",
it was the vehicle meaning which came to my mind. I would not be surprised
that the word should have the two meanings in the Lebanese dialect and
probably in other dialects as well.
regards
Sami Boudelaa

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
6)
Date: 21 Nov 2000
From: MOHAMMED M JIYAD <mmjiyad at unix.amherst.edu>
Subject: bosta response

In Iraq we use the word  "Bariid" for the bus that carries mail as well as
passengers to areas that are not served by train. I believe that it is the
same concept that is used in Fairuuz' song.
Mohammed Jiyad

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
7)
Date: 21 Nov 2000
From: Yaser Al-Onaizan <yaser at ISI.EDU>
Subject: bosta response

Hi Dil,

I'm not a Lebanese so I'm not a 100% sure. But I believe that bosta in the
context of this song refers to train and particularly postal train and
hence the
word bosta.

Yaser

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
8)
Date: 21 Nov 2000
From: GnhBos at aol.com
Subject: bosta response

Isn't Arabic a great language?
"Bosta" is more of a Palestinian dialect, the Lebanese
is more like "Boosta". Mailman is "Bostaji", "Bareed"/
"Mail" is also known as "Bosta".

George

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 21 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Tue Nov 21 19:33:14 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Tue, 21 Nov 2000 13:33:14 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:LIT:Mekkawy lyrics query
Message-ID: <TUE.21.NOV.2000.133314.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Tue 21 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
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          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject:

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 21 Nov 2000
From: "Munther A. Younes" <may2 at cornell.edu>
Subject: Mekkawy lyrics query

Does anyone know the words for Sayyid Mekkawy's famous  song "il-'ArDH
btitkallim cArabi"? I would greatly appreciate it if someone on the list
could send them to me or tell me where to find them.

	Thanks.

	Munther Younes
	Cornell University

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 21 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov 29 19:11:49 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 29 Nov 2000 13:11:49 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:LIT:Want Mekkawy lyrics too
Message-ID: <WED.29.NOV.2000.131149.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 29 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Want Mekkawy lyrics too

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 29 Nov 2000
From: Andrew Freeman <andyf at umich.edu>
Subject: Want Mekkawy lyrics too

Hi,

   I would love to have the lyrics for that song as well, for the culture
component of my modern standard Arabic classes here at UofM.  So, if
anybody has the lyrics for Sayyid Mekkawy's song "il-'ArDH btitkallim
cArabi" I would certainly appreciate it if you would post that info either
to the whole list or separately to me.

thnk you,
Andy

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 29 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov 29 19:04:51 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 29 Nov 2000 13:04:51 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:Quark and Arabic-more info
Message-ID: <WED.29.NOV.2000.130451.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 29 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Quark and Arabic-more info

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 29 Nov 2000
From: GnhBos at aol.com
Subject: Quark and Arabic-more info

Since my earlier communication with Aaron Jensen, Layout Technical
Support team and AramediA have been on the issue of ArabicXT and
HebrewXT for QuarkXPress, trying to be of service. I am sorry for any
confusion or inconvenience from the "official" answers about the specs.
that were responsibly "repeated".

After thorough testing we found out that the user can run both ArabicXT
and HebrewXT at the same time, by having the 2 XTensions in the
XTension folder.

A user can have Arabic boxes and Hebrew boxes in the same document.

The user cannot have both languages in the same text box.

When the user is importing text files, the text files cannot have both
languages together. Every language must be in a separate text file.

Documents containing both languages cannot open except with
a Quark that contains both XTensions.

We have not seen any apparent conflicts when both XTensions
are running together. On the other hand we cannot guarantee
100% that there will not be any conflicts.

As for pricing, HebrewXT 4.0 Stand Alone for QuarkXPress 4.0
Passport, $695.00 Mac

HebrewXT 4.0 Support for ArabicXT 4.0, Mac $195.00

FarsiXT and JawiXT are also available at the same HebrewXT
price. For more information, and a download of a Free Demo:

http://www.aramedia.com
http://www.arabicxt.com
http://www.arabicsoftware.net

For Desktop Publishing solutions, please contact AramediA
in Boston, Layout Ltd. in Beirut, or LayoutME in Dubai for
service, support, and information.

Best Regards,

George N. Hallak
AramediA Group
761 Adams Street
Boston, MA 02122, USA

http://www.aramedia.com
mailto:info at aramedia.com
T 617-825-3044 F 265-9648

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 29 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov 29 19:04:04 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 29 Nov 2000 13:04:04 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:Jordanian Music CD
Message-ID: <WED.29.NOV.2000.130404.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 29 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Jordanian Music CD

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 29 Nov 2000
From: Djangodogg at aol.com
Subject: Jordanian Music CD

I have just completed a second CD of Jordanian traditional music (Music of
Jordan 2000).  Last year I recorded an album called Music from the Madaba
Plains, Jordan. The cds include gassids, hejeini, ney tunes, mejwiz tunes,
women's songs, children's songs -- all sorts of things. They are not for
sale, but are available, for what, a trade, perhaps, of traditional arabic
music? My main goal is to get these recordings into the hands of
individuals/institutions which have a particular interest in Jordanian or
related traditional music. At risk of not knowing how many responses this
posting will get, I'd really like to hear from those with a serious interest
in this subject. I'll offer complimentary copies to as many as I can, but my
pockets are not infinitely deep.
Thanks,
Richard Dorsett,
Tacoma, Washington

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L: 29 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov 29 19:11:13 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 29 Nov 2000 13:11:13 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:Vowels responses
Message-ID: <WED.29.NOV.2000.131113.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 29 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Vowels response
2) Subject: Vowels response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 29 Nov 2000
From: alhawar at american.edu
Subject: Vowels response


Classical Arabic is usually referred to as having a "symmetrical" or
?"triangular" vowel system as below:


? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? Front ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??Central ? ? ? ?? ? ? back
high ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? i/ ii ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?u/ uu
low ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ? a/ aa

However, these vowels are subject to predictable vowel allophany rules
triggered by preceding (neigbouring) consonants. The process involving the
consonants (S, D, T, Z, q, kh, gh, and r is ?referred to I think as
pharyngealization which is blocked with the last three (kh, gh, and r) in
the environment of [i]. Here is a list if minimal pairs that I hope will be
useful to you:

taab "repented" ? ? ? ? ? ?+long, +front, +low
Taab "became good" ?+long, +back, +low, etc.

tuubaa "repent/dual"
Tuubaa "beatitude"

tiin "figs"
Tiin "mud"

da9 "leave" ? ? ? ? ? ? +short, +front, +low
Da9 "put" ? ? ? ? ? ?? ? +short, +back, +low, etc.

Sum "observe the fast"
summ "poison"

Dif "add"
dif? "warmth"


One may add ?imalaa "inclination" discussed by Siibaawayhi in great details
(where the the tongue is inclined from a low to a mid position) although
?imaala too is rule-goverend--with the exception of a subset of words which
Siibaawayhi explains as having a high frequency of occurrence in speech.

An example of a rule-governed ?imaala:
9aalim "scholar" --> 9eelim (triggered by presence of [i])

An example of a high frequency word:
naas "people" --> nees

If you need further directions, email me off the list.

best,
Mohammad T. Alhawary

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date: 29 Nov 2000
From: Alex Bellem <ab89 at soas.ac.uk>
Subject: Vowels response

Well it all depends on which dialect(s) you're looking at, for a start.
But basically, for many you can add to the basic [ae], [i], [u]  the
'emphatic' (pharyngealised or uvularised, depending on your point of
view) versions of the same, and then you also have to take into account
the difference in 'a' in the environment of a 'guttural' (different from
the 'emphatic' environment). Also, of course, there is 'imala', which
causes the fronting of the 'a' to [ae] or [e]. It has been argued that
there are 3 basic vowels which change in the course of the derivation,
according to the environment, but I don't suppose that is the answer
you're looking for. Arabic is not uniform across the dialects, for a
start. Actually, it has also been argued that Arabic displays a
tense-lax distinction - see Kimary Shahin in Perspectives on Arabic
Linguistics (I think the 1996 one - eds. Mushira Eid et al.). I would
recommend finding these (the Perspectives series) in the library and
skimming through - there are some very interesting articles.There are
hundreds of references you could use, ranging from descriptive grammars
of various dialects (such as Van Ess/Cowell, etc) to works such as those
by Charles Ferguson, Haim Blanc. But if you're interested in current
phonological models, then go through Perspectives (there are about 13 of
them) to find some v. interesting articles and look at their references
if you're interested.
HTH,
Alex Bellem.

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End of Arabic-L: 29 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov 29 19:08:04 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 29 Nov 2000 13:08:04 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:bosta-lyrics and translation
Message-ID: <WED.29.NOV.2000.130804.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 29 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: bosta-lyrics and translation

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 29 Nov 2000
From: N Coffin <coffinn at netscape.net>
Subject: bosta-lyrics and translation

Dear Dil: A late response to your bosta query! At the following site, I
discovered the lyrics and a rough translation of the Fairuz song in
question. http://almashriq.hiof.no/lebanon/700/780/fairuz/legend/songs.html
Best wishes, Nancy Coffin

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End of Arabic-L: 29 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov 29 19:12:40 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 29 Nov 2000 13:12:40 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:'west' query
Message-ID: <WED.29.NOV.2000.131240.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 29 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: 'west' query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 29 Nov 2000
From: Waleed Al-Amri <waleed at talk21.com>
Subject: 'west' query

Dear colleagues,

I have been surprised by the way some English newspapers use the word
'West'. Will the context is that the West is used to mean only Britain and
the United States and not the geographical West that refers to a much wider
stretch of land, especially when these newspapers are talking about Russia
(or the former Soviet Union), Libya, China, or Iraq (the so-called rogue
states). My tentative interpretation of this is that there is a dialectic
relation highlighted here between: the  free, democratic world (West, fair
players) and despotic, totalitarian world.

Please feel free to send me any comments. It concerns my PhD.

Waleed Al-Amri

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End of Arabic-L: 29 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Thu Nov 30 16:12:11 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Thu, 30 Nov 2000 10:12:11 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:Georgetown Arabic Summer Institute
Message-ID: <THU.30.NOV.2000.101211.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Thu 30 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Georgetown Arabic Summer Institute

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 30 Nov 2000
From: Brian McGrath <MCGRATHB at gunet.georgetown.edu>
Subject: Georgetown Arabic Summer Institute

SUMMER ARABIC LANGUAGE INSTITUTE
GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY
WASHINGTON, DC
SUMMER 2001

PROGRAM:  The Arabic Language, Literature & Linguistics Department, and the
Summer School will offer an Arabic Language Institute during the Summer of
2001.  Courses to be offered are:

1)     Intensive First Level Modern Standard Arabic I
        (6 credits) (June 4- July 6)

2)     Intensive First Level Modern Standard Arabic II
        (6 credits) (July 9- August 10)

3)     Intensive Second Level Modern Standard Arabic I
        (6 credits) (June 4- July 6)

4)     Intensive Second Level Modern Standard Arabic II
        (6 credits) (July 9 - August 10)

5)     Intensive Advanced Arabic I
        (6 credits) (June 4- July 6)

6)     Intensive Advanced Arabic II
        (6 credits) (July 9- August 10)

All of the above are undergraduate courses.  Students may enroll for one or
both sessions of any sequence.

The Summer Arabic Language Institute at Georgetown University is a very
intensive one.  Students in all courses will normally spend from six to
seven hours per day, five days a week between classroom/laboratory work and
home preparation.  An additional course load during the summer is not
recommended.

Session I:               June 4- July 6
Session II:              July 9- August 10


COSTS

Tuition is $500.00 per credit for the undergraduate courses, plus a $50.00
lab fee per session.


ADMISSION

The program is open to graduate and undergraduate students, and to persons
who are not academically affiliated but need a knowledge of Arabic for
professional or other valid reasons.  The courses are offered for
undergraduate credit only.  For application forms, please write to:

Brian McGrath
Assistant Director, Summer Arabic Language Institute
Dept. of Arabic Language, Literature and Linguistics
Georgetown University
P. O. Box 571046, ICC 306
Washington, DC  20057-1046
202-687-5743 (Phone)
202-687-2408 (Fax)
mcgrathb at georgetown.edu
Arabic Dept. Website:  http://www.georgetown.edu/departments/arabic

Director:  Dr. Amin Bonnah
                bonnaha at georgetown.edu

Deadline for receipt of application forms and supporting documents is March
30, 2001.  Late applications will be accepted on a space available basis.

FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE

Prospective students may apply for partial Summer School scholarships.  To
request an application and information on application deadlines, please
contact Brian McGrath, Assistant Director, as indicated above.  At the time
of inquiry, please specify whether or not you are a Georgetown student.

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End of Arabic-L: 30 Nov 2000


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Thu Nov 30 16:14:55 2000
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Thu, 30 Nov 2000 10:14:55 -0600
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:'west'  Response
Message-ID: <THU.30.NOV.2000.101455.0600.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Thu 30 Nov 2000
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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          unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: 'west' Response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date: 30 Nov 2000
From: djust at netvision.net.il
Subject: 'west' Response

I suspect that there's also an inherited historical prejudice here.
If you take Western Europe as the center of the world, Russia, Iraq
and China are indeed well to the East.  Don't forget that we live in
a world in which world maps almost always have Western Europe top-and-
center.

The following three points may also amuse you:

1.  Reread Thomas Mann's *Magic Mountain*, Mr. Al-Amri!  Mann makes a
big deal about the dichotomy between the "civilized West" (a real and
repeated quote, I think), where people usually address each other in
a formal "you" derived from the plural, and the (?) East, where
people address each other in the singular, giggle and have noisy sex
in the neighboring room, etc.  It's been many years, but as I
remember the archetype of the latter was Russia, even though Russian
does distinguish between formal and informal "you".

2.  In the modern State of Israel, there's an locally important
cultural distinction between Jews of the Western ethnic groups and
the "Eastern Ethnic Groups" (a common idiom).  It has always amused
me that the latter include Jews from Egypt, Morocco, Libya, Algeria,
etc., which last I heard were far to our west (unless a major
earthquake has recently moved them).

3.  (Related to 2) I have heard a few times people in the Tel Aviv
area speak in an explicitly derogatory way of "Asians".  The people
doing the talking were of undoubtedly Asian ancestry, and had lived
in Asia for tens of years if not their entire lives.  I sometimes
wonder if they thought of the fact that these conversations were
themselves taking place in Asia.

Thanks,
David.

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End of Arabic-L: 30 Nov 2000