From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Thu Nov  1 20:06:33 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Thu, 1 Nov 2001 13:06:33 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:TRANS:allaah
Message-ID: <THU.1.NOV.2001.130633.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Thu 01 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: allaah

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  01 Nov 2001
From: Haroon Shirwani <haroon.shirwani at st-johns.oxford.ac.uk>
Subject: allaah

Hi,

So far, I haven't noticed anybody mention the two main reasons why so
many Muslims are more comfortable using the word 'Allah' rather than
its English equivalent. Firstly, there is the need we feel to stay
close to the original texts. 'Allah' is the most important of several
Arabic terms retained by Muslims in other languages. Many have
perfectly fine English equivalents: 'iman' has 'faith', 'zahid' has
'ascetic', 'murshid' has 'guide','iftar'/'futoor' have 'breakfast',
and so on. Many Muslims simply feel more at ease using terms
particular to their faith. The second reason is the word's
sonorousness - if pronounced properly, its flowing near-symmetry just
seems to sound better, and perhaps even more fitting for The Divine.

Most of the people I've heard giving a meaning-related reason for not
using 'God' simply have a poor grasp of English.

Yours,

Haroon Shirwani
(St John's College, Oxford)

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End of Arabic-L:  01 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Thu Nov  1 20:08:39 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Thu, 1 Nov 2001 13:08:39 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:paper written in Arabic responses
Message-ID: <THU.1.NOV.2001.130839.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Thu 01 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: paper written in Arabic response
2) Subject: paper written in Arabic response
3) Subject: paper written in Arabic response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  01 Nov 2001
From: Aida Bamia <abamia at aall.ufl.edu>
Subject: paper written in Arabic response

Dear Mahmoud,
Check the journal al-Arabiyya for linguistics articles in Arabic.
Regards,
Aida Bamia

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date:  01 Nov 2001
From: "Schub, Michael" <michael.schub at trincoll.edu>
Subject: paper written in Arabic response

  Dear M,
      I would start with the collection:  Fischer, w.
*Studien fur arabistik und Semitik*  Cairo 1994; and
its companion volume:  *AbHaath  9arabiyyah*.
      Best wishes,
                                    Mike Schub

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
3)
Date:  01 Nov 2001
From: mtarek <mtarek at aucegypt.edu>
Subject: paper written in Arabic response

you can contact Il-Gibali in the Arabic language institute at auc.

his email is elgibaly at aucegypt.edu

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End of Arabic-L:  01 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Thu Nov  1 20:11:06 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Thu, 1 Nov 2001 13:11:06 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:TRANS:Intifada
Message-ID: <THU.1.NOV.2001.131106.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Thu 01 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Intifada

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  01 Nov 2001
From: Schub, Michael" <michael.schub at trincoll.edu>
Subject: Intifada

  And grammatically (not that it's at all relevant here),  /intifaaDah/
is a "nomen vicis", "instance noun," or "/ism  marrah/ formed on
a base of the verbal noun  [/maSdar/] of a Form VIII verb.
      Best wishes,
                                    Mike Schub

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  01 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Thu Nov  1 20:10:19 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Thu, 1 Nov 2001 13:10:19 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:Comparative Dialects responses
Message-ID: <THU.1.NOV.2001.131019.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Thu 01 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Comparative Dialects response
2) Subject: Comparative Dialects response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  01 Nov 2001
From:  Srpko Lestaric <srpkole at EUnet.yu>
Subject: Comparative Dialects response

A presumed Comparative Grammar of Arabic Dialects might easily be a
sort of The Book of Sand (by Borges), yet there are certain good
attempts to approche such a gole. One example would be:

Brustad, Kristen: The Comparative Syntax of Four Arabic Dialects: An
Investigation of Selected Topics. Doctoral dissertation. Harvard
University, 1991. (I heard that a year ago the author published a
newer and still better one.)

Srpko Lestaric

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date:  01 Nov 2001
From: "Schub, Michael" <michael.schub at trincoll.edu>
Subject: Comparative Dialects response

Dear M,
      Start with Fischer, W. and Jastrow.  *Handbuch der arabischen
Dialecte*  Wiesbaden  1980.  ISBN 3-447-02039-3.  The multi-
language bibliography alone would take 3 lifetimes to read.
      Best wishes,
                                       Mike Schub

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  01 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Thu Nov  1 20:12:03 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Thu, 1 Nov 2001 13:12:03 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:TRANS:mediation Thanks
Message-ID: <THU.1.NOV.2001.131203.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Thu 01 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: mediation Thanks

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  01 Nov 2001
From: jgreenman at t-online.de (Joe Greenman)
Subject: mediation Thanks

My thanks to Waheed and Iman for their replies to my inquiry.

The question came up because my wife is starting some cross-cultural community
mediation activities (dealing - among other things - with cases of ethnic
discrimination) here in Berlin and anticipates requests for services from the
city's sizable Arab community.

Mediation isn't very well known in Germany in general, and none of our Arab
friends has expressed familiarity with the concept other than in the political-
or labor-dispute context.

I think we're gonna go with waSaaTah, since to my non-native ears, $afaa9ah
seems to have a connotation of "advocacy / intercession" that should probably
not be associated with mediation, ... or am I hearing things wrong?

Best regards,
Joe

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End of Arabic-L:  01 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Thu Nov  1 20:18:29 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Thu, 1 Nov 2001 13:18:29 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:Southern Egyptian and Sudanese Dialects query
Message-ID: <THU.1.NOV.2001.131829.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Thu 01 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Southern Egyptian and Sudanese Dialects query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  01 Nov 2001
From: acaridad at wanadoo.es
Subject: Southern Egyptian and Sudanese Dialects query

Dear gentlemen:

I write you because I`m very interested in history of arabic dialects, =
specially in those of Southern Egypt (saidi) and Sudan. Could you answer =
my questions about this subject?

- When were made the first dictionaries and grammars of each one of =
these dialects? who wrote them?
- Have these dialects been used at any time during their history, as =
literary languages? there are any book or newspaper written in these =
dialects?
- Does it exist any institution created to promote the use of these =
dialects? when was it founded?
- Which influences have received these dialects throughout its history? =
from which languages or dialects? at which centuries?

Please, ask as many questions as you can. It`s so difficult to get =
information about this subject.

If you could give the name or e-mail address of any expert in sudanese =
or saidi arabic, I would be also very happy.

I wait for your answer
Best regards
Antonio Caridad

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  01 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Thu Nov  1 20:20:13 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Thu, 1 Nov 2001 13:20:13 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:Palestinian Women's Art Catalog
Message-ID: <THU.1.NOV.2001.132013.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

>Announcing Latest Title by Andalus Publishing:
>
>Self Portrait: Palestinian Women's Art
>
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>Suheir `Isma`il Farraj, Manal Murqus, A`ida Nasrallah,
>Faten Fawzy Nastas, Ahlam Shibli, Manar Zu`abi
>
>Curator: Tal Ben Zvi
>Essays: Kamal Boullata and Tina Malhi Sherwell
>
>Editors: Tal Ben Zvi and Yael Lerer
>Design: Sharif Waked
>
>English, Arabic, and Hebrew. Color. 188 pages. 149 NIS / $50
>(Includes overseas shipping).
>
>"Self Portrait" is the catalog of an exhibit that was scheduled to
>open at Al-Wasati Arts Center, East Jerusalem, in October 2000, and
>in Tel Aviv, and  Bethlehem soon after. These exhibits had to be
>postponed indefinitely due to the Al-Aqsa Intifada. Thus, to date,
>the only existence the exhibit "Self Portrait" has, is in catalog
>form.
>
>"Self Portrait" deals with the modes of representation of women
>artists in a multi-faceted and changing Palestinian reality. It is
>an attempt to examine - in relation to the concept "self portrait" -
>the intimate spheres of women artists' lives, the ways they define
>their identities, and the cultural and artistic arenas in which they
>operate.
>
>The exhibit, including Tal Ben-Zvi's referential overview, presents
>the work of nine Palestinian women artists from both sides of the
>green line and, through the essays of Kamal Boullata and Tina Malhi
>Sherwell, the work of Palestinian artists in the diaspora. Veteran
>Palestinian artist and art scholar Kamal Boullata's detailed sketch
>of three Palestinian women artists' groundbreaking work over the
>last century (Zulfa al-Sa`di, Juliana Seraphim, and Mona Hatoum),
>coupled with art scholar Tina Malhi Sherwell's examination of the
>representation of women in Palestinian art, locate the work featured
>in this exhibit in the context of Palestinian art in general.
>
>"Self Portrait" can be found in bookstores.
>
>For more information: <mailto:andalus at andalus.co.il>andalus at andalus.co.il
>To order by phone: 972 (0)3 511-7065 (pay by credit card)
>To order by mail: Andalus Publishing, POB 53036, Tel Aviv 61530 (pay
>by cheque).

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  01 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Fri Nov  2 15:17:59 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Fri, 2 Nov 2001 08:17:59 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:TRANS:allaah
Message-ID: <FRI.2.NOV.2001.081759.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Fri 02 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: allaah

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  02 Nov 2001
From: John Makhoul <makhoul at bbn.com>
Subject: allaah

My arguments concerning the Allah issue are purely linguistic.

1. The most important statement of Muslim belief is usually translated
    into English as: "There is no god but Allah and Mohammed is his
    Prophet."  If we translated Allah as God, then the same statement
    would appear as "There is no god but God and Mohammed is his
    Prophet."  But try to speak it this way and it does not sound right
    because the lowercase 'god' is pronounced exactly the same as the
    uppercase 'God' and the meaning -- the uniqueness of God -- is
    totally lost.

    Now, one could fix this problem by translating Allah as 'The God',
    with the word 'The' pronounced as 'thee', indicating uniqueness.
    So, the statement becomes "There is no god but The God ...", which
    sounds a little awkward to me.  My guess is that if one were to do
    that throughout the Koran, it would really result in an awkward
    translation into English.

    So, I see the translation that is usually adopted as a simple
    linguistic solution to the translation problem and the awkwardness
    of possible alternative translations.

2. It is important to note that Arabic must have had its own problems
    in putting a word for the unique God.  The word Allah is very
    different from the word al-ilaah; the latter would be translated
    simply as 'the god' in lowercase, like 'the god Zeus' for example.
    Since Arabic does not have the mechanism of capitalization, nor the
    mechanism of saying 'thee' for emphasis and uniqueness, it had to
    invent some way of differentiating this particular God.  The
    solution that was adopted was to use (or maybe even invent) a new
    sound that is unique to this word, namely, the lam mufaxxama, or
    emphatic lam.  I think that Allah is the only word in Arabic that
    uses an emphatic lam.  Thus, Allah becomes very different from
    al-ilaah.  (It could be that the word Allah already existed and
    then was taken to be used for this unique context.  My argument is
    simply that, linguistically, a solution had to be found to give a
    unique name to the one God.)

John Makhoul

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  02 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Fri Nov  2 15:22:27 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Fri, 2 Nov 2001 08:22:27 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LINGE:Southern Egyptian and Sudanese Dialects Responses
Message-ID: <FRI.2.NOV.2001.082227.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Fri 02 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Southern Egyptian and Sudanese Dialects Response
2) Subject: Southern Egyptian and Sudanese Dialects Response
3) Subject: Southern Egyptian and Sudanese Dialects Response
4) Subject: Southern Egyptian and Sudanese Dialects Response
5) Subject: Southern Egyptian and Sudanese Dialects Response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  02 Nov 2001
From: DLNewman <d.newman at planetinternet.be>
Subject: Southern Egyptian and Sudanese Dialects Response

Hello,

For more information on Sa'idi dialects, I suggest you consult the following
works:

- BEHNSTEDT, Peter & Manfred WOIDICH (1985-87): Die ägyptisch-arabischen
Dialekte, 3 vols (+ Dialektatlas), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert. This
vital reference work on Egyptian dialects also contains a separate volume on
Upper Egyptian.
- DAWOOD, T. H. O. M. (1949): The phonetics of the Il-Karnak dialect (Upper
Egypt), Unpubl. M. A. thesis, University of London (SOAS).
- DOSS, M. (1981): Le dialecte Sa'idi de la Région de Menya, Unpubl. PhD
(thèse 3ème cycle), Université de Paris III.
- KHALAFALLAH, Abdelghany A. (1969): A descriptive grammar of SaE i:di
Egyptian Colloquial Arabic, (Janua Linguarum, Series Practica, XXXIX), The
Hague/Paris (Mouton).
- KHALAFALLAH, A. A. (1959): Some phonological problems involved in the
learning of English by native speakers of Sa'i:di Colloquial Egyptian
Arabic, Unpubl. M.A. thesis, University of Texas.
- MASLUH, S. A. A. (1968); Dirasa li-lahjaat al-Minyaa fi daw'
al-jughrafiyaa al-lughawiyya, Unpubl. M. A. thesis, Dar al-Ulum, University
of Cairo.
- NISHIO, Tetsuo (1994): The Arabic dialect of Qift (Upper Egypt). Grammar
and Classified vocabulary, Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and
Cultures of Asia and Africa.
WAHAB, G. A. (1983): Etudes contrastives du Français standard du vocalisme
et du dialecte de Minia (Haute-Egypte), Unpubl. PhD (thèse 3ème cycle),
Université de Paris III.
WOIDICH, Manfred (1973-4): "Die 3. Person feminin Singular Perfekt in dem
oberägyptischen Dialekt von Il-Bi'rat", Mélanges de l'Université de
Saint-Joseph, pp. 357-72.
WOIDICH, Manfred (1974): Ein arabischer Bauerndialekt aus dem südlichen
Oberägypten", ZDMG, 124, 1, pp. 42-58.

Other useful information can also be gleaned from the following:
- AMMAR, H. (1954): Growing up in an Egyptian village (Silwa, Province of
Aswan), London.
- BLACKMAN, W. (1927): The Fellahin of Upper Egypt, London.
- DULAC, H. (1885): 'Contes arabes en dialecte de la Haute-Egypte", Journal
Asiatique, VIIIè série, 5, pp. 5-38.
- LEGRAIN, G. (1912): "Chansons dans les ruines", La Revue Egyptienne, 1,
10-11, 5 October, pp. 307-10.
- LEGRAIN, G. (1912): "Légendes, coutûmes et chansons populaires du Saïd",
La Revue Egyptienne, 1, pp. 171-81, 205-11, 243-45, 269-76, 300-7, 345-58.
- MASPERO, G. (1914): "Chansons populaires recueillis dans la Haute-Egypte
de 1900 à 1914 pendant les inspections du service des antiquités", Annales
du Service des Antiquités de l'Egypte, 14, pp. 97-290.
- SPITTA BEY,G. (1883): Contes arabes modernes, Leiden/Paris.

These are, to the best of my knowledge, the only works that deal
specifically with Upper Egyptian (Sa'idi) dialects. As for your other
questions:
1. I have not found any records of the literary use of these dialects.
2. Though the dialects do occur in dialogues in modern Egyptian literature
(as well as films, where there is often a 'token' Sa'idi; e.g. the
blockbuster 'Irhab wa kebab'), there are no newspapers published in any of
them. Songs are a far more prolific source, however, and there is a lot of
Sa'idi music (including folk songs) available on audiotapes in Egypt (though
I would imagine mainly in the south!).
3. There is unfortunately no institute for the promotion of Sa'idi.

Hope this is of some use to you.

Kind regards,

Daniel Newman


P.S.: I myself have for a number of years conducted research into the
phonetics and phonology of Southern Sa'idi dialects (in the Luxor area),
some of which I hope to publish in the not too distant future (insha'Allah).
Let me know if you are interested.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date:  02 Nov 2001
From: Albrecht Hofheinz <Albrecht_Hofheinz at web.de>
Subject: Southern Egyptian and Sudanese Dialects Response

If you have any additions, please reply not only to the list, but
also to directly to Antonio Caridad [mailto:acaridad at wanadoo.es].

On 01.11.2001 at 13:18 Uhr -0700, Antonio Caridad wrote:

>Date:  01 Nov 2001
>From: acaridad at wanadoo.es
>Subject: Southern Egyptian and Sudanese Dialects query

>I write you because I`m very interested in history of arabic
>dialects, specially in those of Southern Egypt (saidi) and Sudan.
>Could you answer my questions about this subject?

I will only deal with Sudanese Arabic, and not aim for any
completeness, i.a. since I do not have easy access to my library at
present.

>- When were made the first dictionaries and grammars of each one of
>these dialects? who wrote them?

1923: (al-shaykh) 3abd allaah 3abd al-raHmaan al-amiin: al-3arabiyya
fii al-suudaan. Khartoum. Re-ed. Beirut: daar al-kitaab al-lubnaanii,
1967.

1925: Hillelson, Samuel: Sudan-Arabic. English-Arabic vocabulary.
London: Sudan Government.	xxvi, 341	pp. 2nd edn. London
1930. (Based on the English-Arabic Vocabulary by Harold François
Saphir Amery).

1925: Worsley, Allan: Sudanese Grammar. London: Society for Promoting
Christian Knowlege. vi, 80 pp. (dialect of Omdurman).

1946: Trimingham, John Spencer: Sudan colloquial Arabic. London:
Oxford University Press, G. Cumberlege, 1946. viii, 176 p. "The first
edition [published by the Church missionary society in 1939] was
based largely upon W.H.T. Gairdner's Egyptian Colloquial Arabic. The
present edition has been completely rewritten and some four-fifths of
the material is entirely new" (pref. to 2d edn.).

1965: Awn al-Sharif Gasim: "Some aspects of Sudanese colloquial
Arabic". Sudan Notes and Records, 46, pp. 40-49.

1966: 3abd al-majiid 3aabidiin: min uSuul al-lahajaat al-3arabiyya
fii al-suudaan: diraasa muqaarana fii al-lahajaat al-3arabiyya
wa-atharihaa fii al-suudaan. Cairo: maktabat ghariib, 1966. 138 pp.

1969-72: Roth, Arlette: Lexique des parlers arabes tchado-soudanais.
An Arabic-English-French lexicon of the dialects spoken in the
Chad-Sudan area. Paris, Editions du Centre national de la recherche
scientifique. 4 vols.

1972: 3awn al-shariif qaasim: qaamuus al-lahja al-3aammiyya fii
al-suudaan. Khartoum: shu3bat abHaath al-suudaan bi-jaami3at
al-khurTuum, with al-majlis al-qawmii li-ri3aayat al-aadaab
wal-funuun. 2nd impr. Cairo: al-maktab al-miSrii al-Hadiith, 1985.
(the definitive dictionary)

1973: Crewe, William James: The place of Sudanese Arabic: a study in
comparative Arabic dialectology. Khartum: Institute of African and
Asian Studies, University of Khartoum. 18 ff. (African and Asian
studies seminar series; 20).

1976: Kaye, Alan S.: Chadian and Sudanese Arabic in the light of
comparative Arabic dialectology. The Hague: Mouton, 1976.  xv, 212
pp. (Janua linguarum: Series practica; 236).

1980: Persson, Andrew & Janet Persson with Ahmad Hussein: Sudanese
colloquial Arabic for beginners. High Wycombe, England: Summer
Institute of Linguistics. viii, 272 pp.

1983: Ushari Ahmad Mahmud: Arabic in the southern Sudan: history and
spread of a pidgin-creole. Khartoum: FAL Advertising and Print. Co.
xiii, 168 pp.

1983: Prokosch, Erich: Osmanisches Wortgut im Sudan-Arabischen.
Berlin: Klaus Schwarz. 75 pp. (Islamkundliche Untersuchungen; 89)

1983: Reichmuth, Stefan: Der arabische Dialekt der Sukriyya im
Ostsudan. Hildesheim & New York: G. Olms. ix, 309 pp. (Studien zur
Sprachwissenschaft; 2). Originally presented as the author's doctoral
thesis, Freie Universität Berlin.

>- Have these dialects been used at any time during their history, as
>literary languages? there are any book or newspaper written in these
>dialects?

The influence of Sudanese colloquial Arabic is noticeable already in
the first surviving written records we have from the Sudan and which
go back to the 18th c.

The earliest published printed source where Sudanese colloquial
Arabic is used occasionally is

ca. 1804: muHammad al-nuur wad Dayf allaah: kitaab al-Tabaqaat fii
khuSuuS al-awliyaa' wal-3ulamaa' wal-shu3araa' fii al-suudaan. Best
edn. ed. yuusuf faDl Hasan, Khartoum: Khartoum University Press, 1971
(2nd edn. ib, 1974; 3rd edn. ib., 1985).

There is a very rich literary tradition of Sudanese Arabic colloquial
poetry that we can trace back to the 18th and 19th centuries (no
earlier sources have survived). The 20th c. has seen the literary use
of SCA in song, theatre plays, novels, collections of folklore, etc.
All this is much too rich to be listed here. As an entry point, you
may consult

Arabic Literature of Africa, Vol. I: The Writings of Eastern Sudanic
Africa to c. 1900. Compiled by R.S. O¹Fahey with the assistance of
Muhammad Ibrahim Abu Salim, Albrecht Hofheinz, Yahya Muhammad
Ibrahim, Bernd Radtke and Knut S. Vikør. Leiden: Brill, 1994
(Handbuch der Orientalistik, Erste Abteilung: Der Nahe und Mittlere
Osten, Bd. 13) (see
http://www.brill.nl/catalogue/productinfo.asp?product=446). ­ An
Arabic translation of this, publ. London: Al Furqan, is in press.

A more recent phenomenon is the use of Sudanese colloquial Arabic on
the Internet: In the discussion forum Sudan.Net Notice and Discussion
Board
(http://www.sudanforum.net/cgi-bin/discussion/view.pl?board=sgdb) it
is used as least as often as, if not more frequently than, MSA.

>- Does it exist any institution created to promote the use of these
>dialects? when was it founded?

I am not aware of any institution specifically devoted to that task,
but literary societies, academic centres, radio and television etc.
do of course cover similar ground.

>- Which influences have received these dialects throughout its
>history? from which languages or dialects? at which centuries?


Sudanese Arabic is commonly grouped together with Egyptian Arabic
into one family. There are certainly connections to the Arabian
peninsula as well. There are influences from indigenous languages
such as Nubian, and later from Ottoman Turkish, colonial British
English, Egyptian Arabic, international English, etc. Very
interesting are also processes of the pidginization and even
creolization of Arabic in the Southern Sudan and northern Uganda. A
vast field!

>Please, ask as many questions as you can. It`s so difficult to get
>information about this subject.
>
>If you could give the name or e-mail address of any expert in
>sudanese or saidi arabic, I would be also very happy.

Search the web for
Institute of African and Asian Studies, University of Khartoum
Awn al-Sharif Qasim
Ushari Ahmad Mahmud
al-Tayyib Muhammad al-Tayyib
Stefan Reichmuth
Catherine Miller
...

>I wait for your answer
>Best regards
>Antonio Caridad [mailto:acaridad at wanadoo.es]


Best wishes,

Albrecht Hofheinz

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
3)
Date:  02 Nov 2001
From: "Schub, Michael" <michael.schub at trincoll.edu>
Subject: Southern Egyptian and Sudanese Dialects Response

  See  Khalafallah,  Abdelghany A.  *A Grammar of Saeedi Egyptian
Colloquial Arabic*  Mouton, 1969  The Hague, Paris.
Lib. Congress #68-17886.
Best wishes,
                                           Mike Schub

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
4)
Date:  02 Nov 2001
From: Mutarjm at aol.com
Subject: Southern Egyptian and Sudanese Dialects Response

Two sources you might contact:

1. Dr. Alan S. Kaye the Dept of English & Linguistsics at California
State University, Fullerton (go to < www.fullerton.edu > and navigate
therein).

He has done field research and written about Sudanese-Chadian
dialects of Arabic (I don't know about Sa9idii Egyptian). 

2.  The Institute of African and Asian Languages (might be Asian &
African) at University of Khartoum published some descriptive
monographs about Sudanese Arabic in the 1980s.

I have some materials (basic textbook, no historical or detailed
academic treatment; Arabic-text entries are handwritten and
colloquial) published in 1979 by the Summer Institute of Linguistics
when it had a field office in Khartoum.

Two publsihed referenecs:

1.  Back issue of Sudan Notes and Records (SNR)

2.  Academy of Sciences: In the mid-1970s, the Oriental Institute
(Moscow/Tashkent joint opus) of the Academy of Sciences of the former
Soviet Union published a detailed (!!) descriptive work, in Russian
and with Arabic text entries, on the Sa3idi/Upper Nile dialect.

HTH. Good luck.

Regards from Los Angeles,

Stephen H. Franke

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
5)
Date:  02 Nov 2001
From: Rahel Halabe <rahel at telus.net>
Subject: Southern Egyptian and Sudanese Dialects Response

Antonio,

Answering the second question: The Sudanese author AlTayyeb Salih certainly
uses Sudanese Arabic dialect in dialog in his novels.

Rahel

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  02 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov  7 22:55:05 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 7 Nov 2001 15:55:05 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:TRANS:allaah
Message-ID: <WED.7.NOV.2001.155505.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 07 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: allaah
2) Subject: allaah
3) Subject: allaah

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  07 Nov 2001
From: "Schub, Michael" <michael.schub at trincoll.edu>
Subject: allaah

Both Faxr  al-Diin  al-Raazii (*MafaatiiH  al=Ghayb*, i, 84)
and Abuu  Hayyaan  al-GharnaTii  (*al-BaHr  al-muHiiT*, i, 15) noted
that the early Muslim authorities (correctly) identified the term
/Allaah/ to be borrowed from Syriac (Western Jewish/Christian
Aramaic).  See:  Jeffrey, Arthur.  *The Foreign Vocabulary of the Koran*
Baroda  1938.

      Best wishes,
                                       Mike Schub

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date:  07 Nov 2001
From: "M. Eekman" <m.eekman at efa.nl>
Subject: allaah

I have a question that may shed some light on the matter of
translating the word allaah: How do Arab muslims translate the word
God? For instance when someone wants to write in Arabic: "Christians
believe in God..." or when George W. Bush is quoted saying: "In God
we trust", how is this translated into Arabic? If, as I suspect, the
word allaah is used, this would mean that God and allaah refer to the
same deity without distinction. So we can say God if we use English,
and allaah if we use Arabic. This conclusion is also confirmed by the
fact that Arab Christians and Jews use allaah. In other words:
There's no need to use allaah in English, or any non-Arabic language.
Menno Eekman

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
3)
Date:  07 Nov 2001
From: GnhBos at aol.com
Subject: allaah

"God" has always been "Allah" in Arabic for Muslims and Christians.
In recent years, I noticed, some Islamic fundamentalists wanted to
draw distinction between the Christians' and Muslims' God. Ironically,
that agreed with Arab haters who propagated that our (Arabs) God
(Allah) is a different God than the Jewish and Christian God. Little did
they account for us Arab Christians, the language we spoke, and The(e)
God we worshipped!

La iLaha eLLa ALLah... I was thinking, before Jesus and Mohammed
(The Prophets), people worshipped more than one "iLah", which has
a plural in Arabic "AaLeha", while "Allah" has no plural in Arabic, only
singular, "Allah" Wahad.

Best Regards,

George N. Hallak

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  07 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov  7 22:45:04 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 7 Nov 2001 15:45:04 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:Southern Egyptian Dialects
Message-ID: <WED.7.NOV.2001.154504.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 07 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Southern Egyptian Dialects
2) Subject: Southern Egyptian Dialects
3) Subject: Southern Egyptian Dialects

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  07 Nov 2001
From: DLNewman <d.newman at planetinternet.be>
Subject: Southern Egyptian Dialects

Hello again,

A few more secondary sources for Sa'idi Arabic that I forgot to include in
my first message:
OMAR, Margaret K. (1973): The acquisition of Egyptian Arabic as a native
language, (Janua Linguarum, Series Practica, No. 160), The Hague/Paris
(Mouton).
OWENS, Jonathan: 'The origins of East African Nubi', Anthropological
Linguistics, vol. 27, NO. 2, pp. 229-71.
ROUCHDY, Aleya: 'Languages in contact: Arabic-Nubian', Anthropological
Linguistics, vol. 22, No. 8, pp. 334-344.
TOMICHE, N. (1962): 'Les parlers arabes d'Egypte. Matériaux pour une étude
de géographie dialectale', in: Etudes d'Orientalisme dédiées à la mémoire de
Lévi-Provençal, vol. II, Paris, pp. 767-779.
WINKLER, H. A. (1936): Ägyptische Volkskunde, Stuttgart.
WOIDICH, M. (1978): 'Bemerkungen zu den arabischen Dialekten
Mittelägyptens', Zeitschrift der arabischen Literature (ZAL), 1, pp. 54-63.

Kind regards,

Daniel Newman

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date:  07 Nov 2001
From: Antonio Caridad Salvador <acaridad at wanadoo.es>
Subject: Southern Egyptian Dialects

Dear mr Parkinson:

I have found very interesting your message. Now, I`d like to know just one
thing more. Which influences has received saidi arabic throughout its
history? from which languages or dialects? in which centuries?

Thank you very much for your help

Best wishes

Antonio Caridad

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date:  07 Nov 2001
From: pgran <pgran at temple.edu>
Subject: Southern Egyptian Dialects

This is a Sa'idi dialect strand question. Can anyone suggest how one might go
from dialect difference in Sa'idi arabic to  an interpretation of Sa'idi
worldview or cultural logic that would somehow make thought there different
than thought in the Delta?
Thanking respondents in advance,
Peter Gran

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  07 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov  7 22:45:56 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 7 Nov 2001 15:45:56 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:Comparative Dialects
Message-ID: <WED.7.NOV.2001.154556.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 07 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Comparative Dialects

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  07 Nov 2001
From: Gail Grella <GRELLAG1 at georgetown.edu>
Subject: Comparative Dialects

The dissertation by Brustad has been extensivly revised and published as a
book:

Brustad, Kristen E., The Sytax of Spoken Arabic: A Comparative Study of
Moroccan, Egyptian, Syrian, and Kuwaiti Arabic Dialects.  Georgetown
University Press, ISBN 0-87840-789-8, paperback, $39.95.  It can be ordered on
our webiste at:

http://www.georgetown.edu/publications/gup/nrt/nrt_langling_brustad.html

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  07 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov  7 22:46:48 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 7 Nov 2001 15:46:48 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:UAE Job
Message-ID: <WED.7.NOV.2001.154648.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 07 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: UAE Job

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  07 Nov 2001
From: Arabic Program Position <ArPosition at uaeu.ac.ae>
Subject: UAE Job

TEACHING ARABIC TO ARAB STUDENTS IN THE UAE

***This annoncement is specifically for the applicants who will be
attending the MESA conference in San Francisco in mid November in
San Francisco, USA (making their travel arrangements and paying
their own way). The interviews will be conducted during MESA between
November 17-19, 2001. Applications received by 11/11/2001 BY E-MAIL
ONLY will still be considered.***

The University General Requirements Unit (UGRU) at The United Arab
Emirates University in the garden city of Al-Ain is currently accepting
applications from qualified teachers interested in teaching Modern
Standard Arabic (MSA) to Arab students starting August, 2002.

POSITION:  The University General Requirements Unit offers a 1-year
preparatory program for all students entering the United Arab Emirates
(UAE) University.  The Arabic Program offers excellent opportunities
for qualified teachers of Arabic as a First Language who wish to be
involved in an innovative teaching program with challenging
professional development opportunities.

REQUIREMENTS:
--Native or native-like command of Modern Standard Arabic
--Teaching experience at the university level for a minimum of two years
--Experience in using computers and instructional technology
--PhD or MA in hand at the time of application in fields of Arabic
(Language, Literature, Linguistics), Applied Linguistics or a closely-
related discipline.

SALARY & BENEFITS: Salary is competitive and tax-free. Fringe
benefits include: free housing with generous shipping and furniture
allowances, travel expenses (including annual return to home country),
health insurance for individual and family, dependent children school
tuition subsidy, and end-of-service gratuity. Paid holidays include
approximately sixty days during the summer and approximately 20 days
between Semesters.

TO APPLY:  Send as an "attachment file" via e-mail to
<ArPosition at uaeu.ac.ae> an application comprising a cover letter, your
current telephone/fax numbers and e-
mail address in addition to a detailed resume with reference names and
their e-mail contact information.

e-mail:  ArPosition at uaeu.ac.ae
Web site: www.ugru.uaeu.ac.ae

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  07 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov  7 22:47:28 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 7 Nov 2001 15:47:28 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:Middlebury Summer Jobs
Message-ID: <WED.7.NOV.2001.154728.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 07 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Middlebury Summer Jobs

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  07 Nov 2001
From: nafattah <nafattah at netzero.net>
Subject: Middlebury Summer Jobs

The Arabic School at Middlebury College welcomes applications for
teaching positions in the 2002 summer session.  Applicants must be
dynamic, flexible, and innovative instructors. They should have
experience in teaching Arabic as a foreign language. A minimum of a
Master's degree in a related field is required, in addition to native
or near-native proficiency in the language.  Please e-mail your CV
(as a Word document) to the school director, Nabil Abdelfattah, at
<mailto:nafattah at netzero.net>nafattah at netzero.net  Interviews will be
conducted at the MESA meetings in San Francisco.  For more
information pertaining to the Arabic School and to Middlebury College
please log on to
<http://www.middlebury.edu/~ls/arabic>www.middlebury.edu/~ls/arabic

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  07 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov  7 22:48:19 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 7 Nov 2001 15:48:19 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:Written Egyptian Arabic Query
Message-ID: <WED.7.NOV.2001.154819.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 07 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
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           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Written Egyptian Arabic Query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  07 Nov 2001
From: Humphrey Davies <hdavies at aucegypt.edu>
Subject: Written Egyptian Arabic Query

Madiha Doss and I are putting together an anthology of writing in
Egyptian (colloquial) Arabic.  The focus is on works addressed to the
reader rather than the listener; hence traditional poetry (mawwaals,
etc.) and plays are not our main interest.  We have assembled a
reasonable corpus of work, but are sure there must be interesting
items that have escaped us.  Anything that predates Ibn Suuduun, our
earliest author so far, would be especially useful.  We would be
grateful for colleagues' suggestions, and any that are used will be
acknowledged.

Humphrey Davies
c/o School of Humanities (223)
American University in Cairo
Cairo, Egypt

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  07 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov  7 22:49:17 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 7 Nov 2001 15:49:17 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:Unix hack for Arabic Web Pages
Message-ID: <WED.7.NOV.2001.154917.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 07 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Unix hack for Arabic Web Pages

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  07 Nov 2001
From: Tim Buckwalter <TimBuckwalter at aol.com>
Subject: Unix hack for Arabic Web Pages

Neat! Since you're mapping from Win-1256, you might want to include these:
(1) punctuation characters:
\xA1 comma
\xBA semicolon
\xBF question mark
(2) Persian characters (not sure I got these names right!):
\x81 pe
\x8D che
\x8E zhe
\x90 gaf

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  07 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov  7 22:49:58 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 7 Nov 2001 15:49:58 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:Ramadan Songs query
Message-ID: <WED.7.NOV.2001.154958.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 07 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
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           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Ramadan Songs query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  07 Nov 2001
From: "Mohammed M. Karam" <kambalino at yahoo.com>
Subject: Ramadan Songs query

Salam,
     I've been searching around the net for lyrics to
various Ramadan related songs, but my efforts have not
yet been met with success.

I've tried Arabic Google, English Google, and
almashriq.hiof.no, but haven't found anything yet.

Does any one know of a place where I may find at least
the Arabic lyrics to the songs, or their
transliteration or translation?

Thanks!

Salam..

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  07 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov  7 22:53:00 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 7 Nov 2001 15:53:00 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:Needs email address
Message-ID: <WED.7.NOV.2001.155300.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 07 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Needs email address

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  07 Nov 2001
From: Francesco GARDANI <frncsko at aon.at>
Subject: Needs email address

I'm a student of linguistics at Vienna university under the
instruction of prof. W.U. Dressler.
Sami Boudelaa assured me that you might help me to find out the email
account of prof. Alexander Borg, whom I am looking for.

Please write me back, if you have any information how to achieve him!

many thanks and best regards  Francesco Gardani

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  07 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Fri Nov  9 18:13:02 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Fri, 9 Nov 2001 11:13:02 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:Intensive year long program query
Message-ID: <FRI.9.NOV.2001.111302.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Fri 11 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Intensive year long program query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  11 Nov 2001
From: Dil Parkinson  <dil at byu.edu>
Subject: Intensive year long program query

I suppose we all have been asked this question, and we all certainly
knew it was coming.  What surprised me is that I didn't know the
answer.  A student has asked me if there are any stateside, year-long
(as opposed to just summer) intensive (basically full-time) Arabic
language programs.  It would be something like DLI or FSI or the CIA
school, but without having to join up.  I told him I didn't think
there were any at universities, but thought there might be some at
places like the Monterrey School or the ME Institute in DC (those are
just guesses).  Does anyone know if there is such a thing?
Dil

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  11 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Nov 12 17:39:45 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 12 Nov 2001 10:39:45 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:Emphasis and etymology queries
Message-ID: <MON.12.NOV.2001.103945.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 12 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Emphasis and etymology queries

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  12 Nov 2001
From: Mathias van den Bossche <m.vdb at free.fr>
Subject: Emphasis and etymology queries

First I would like to thank for the answers you sent me
about comparative dialects. The books are ordered and will
soon arive home. In the meanwhile, I would like to ask
you a couple of questions.

- Emphatics. For sure there is a difference in the articulation
   of emphatic consonnants and their non emphatic counterparts.
   But I wonder whether the most important part of emphatism
   is the impact on surrounding vowels, as suggested by the
   [?ila:h / ?aLLA:h] opposition. In the dialect of Palestinian
   speakers I have contact with, there are emphatics you don't
   find in classical Arabic such as emphatic M in [MAyy] (water),
   [MA:MA:] (mummy), ... emphatic B as in [BA:BA:] (daddy) ...
   This must be subject well known to researchers. Could someone
   send some data on the subject ?

- About the etymology of Cl.Arabic [T'A:wila] / Palestinian [T'A:wle]
   (table), I would like to know whether it is a coincidence that
   it is very close to late Latin [t'awula] (classical Latin TABULUM),
   or is it really artificially that the standard classifications
   put it under the _Twl_ root ("length") in dictionaries. The
   presence of an emphatic at the beginning of this hypothetically
   borrowed word would be analogous to the presence of Q at the
   beginning of [QaSr] < CASTRUM.
   What raised this question is the fact that in the Occitan language
   (aka Provençal, aka Langue d'Oc) of southern France where I live,
   "table" happens to be "taula [t'awlo]", really close to the
   Palestinian form !

Thanks in advance

Mathias van den Bossche

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  12 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Nov 12 17:37:58 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 12 Nov 2001 10:37:58 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:Arabic Program Opinion Query
Message-ID: <MON.12.NOV.2001.103758.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 12 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
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           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Arabic Program Opinion Query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  12 Nov 2001
From: Chris Holman <veracocha at hotmail.com>
Subject: Arabic Program Opinion Query

Hello All,

I am writing to ask if any of you have an opinion that you would like
to express and wouldn't mind if I documented in a proposal to the
University of Oregon to create an Arabic program that will fulfill
B.A. requirements.  Currently, a self-study program is offered
through the Linguistics Dept. but the credits earned are not
applicable to a degree.  Since my arrival here I have been
instructing Arabic in this capacity.  Recently, I was approached by
the University to discuss the possibilities of creating such a
program and how this program, if created, could benefit the community
and the academic worlds.  Naturally, I thought of this forum as the
first place to turn to for comments, opinions, suggestions, or
anything else that I could include in the proposal to the school.  If
any one of you would be so kind as to assist me with this I would be
very grateful.  Feel free to respond to this post or to send your
replies to my home address.  Thank y

Sincerely,
Chris Holman
1760 W. 17th # 3


--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  12 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Nov 12 17:49:19 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 12 Nov 2001 10:49:19 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:Arab Academy Special (Ad)
Message-ID: <MON.12.NOV.2001.104919.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 12 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Arab Academy Special (Ad)

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  12 Nov 2001
From: Sanaa Ghanem <sanaa at arabacademy.com>
Subject: Arab Academy Special (Ad)

On the occasion of Ramadan, we are pleased to provide schools and
Islamic centers with free registration to all their students during
the month of Ramadan.  The Arab Academy offers online Islamic Arabic
courses to children (ages 6 and above).  The program is based on
stories of prophets in the Quran and on Part Thirty.

To get more information on our online Islamic school visit:
<http://www.arabacademy.com/school_courses_e.htm>http://www.arabacademy.com/school_courses_e.htm

Free registration is given to educational institutions who have full
time or part time Arabic/Islamic programs with a minimum of 50
students.

The children will love the online interactive curriculum! Register
for the free Ramadan special program now!!

Write directly to me if you wish to register your students or if you
have further questions,

Best regards
Sanaa Ghanem
Academic Director
<http://arabacademy.com/Ghanem.htm>http://arabacademy.com/Ghanem.htm
E-mail: <mailto:sanaa at arabacademy.com>sanaa at arabacademy.com
Web: <http://www.arabacademy.com>http://www.arabacademy.com

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End of Arabic-L:  12 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Nov 12 17:38:36 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 12 Nov 2001 10:38:36 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:TRANS:Dictionaries Query
Message-ID: <MON.12.NOV.2001.103836.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 12 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Dictionaries Query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  12 Nov 2001
From: "Timothy A. Gregory" <tgregory at tarjema.com>
Subject: Dictionaries Query

I'm taking a class in Arabic translation right now, and since I've been
doing Arabic->English translation for quite some time, they've decided
to focus on English->Arabic for my studies, and I find myself needing
newer or better dictionaries.

Right now I have four English->Arabic dictionaries, though only three
really count:

1) The Oxford English-Arabic Dictionary of Current Usage
2) The Concise Oxford English-Arabic Dictionary (this is a subset of
terms from the above)
3) «”Âˋ¦Ý’«Â˲ݫʓ”ͳ͂‹»ÍÝ1985ÝAl-Mawrid English-Arabic Dictionary
4) Computer Dictionary English/Arabic - Arabic/English from AL-ALHRAM
Commercial Press, 1987

I also have the Arabic->English Mawrid and Hans Wehr fourth edition.

The Oxford is a great dictionary, but it's too small - not enough terms.
Maybe they'll make a bigger one someday... The Mawrid is a good one,
too, but a lot of what I get out of it feels too formal, or the Arabic I
get out of it doesn't quite fit the context I'm working in. I also use
Sakhr's dictionary on-line, and Word 2002's translation dictionary as
electronic references.

Using these dictionaries I can get through a lot of text, but I'm really
interested to know what other dictionaries are out there, and what you
would recommend I buy. Right now I'm looking for general language, but
recommendations for technical/computer, political/military and business
topics would be welcome.

I'd also love to hear any reviews of CD ROM dictionaries for the PC (for
Arabic enabled versions of Windows, currently I'm using Windows XP)
which would make it easier for me to work on translations anywhere. I
love my laptop because I can use it on the bus on the way back and forth
to work, set it up on my desk during lunch and so on, but it's not very
convenient to spread out three or four dictionaries in the same places.

Any suggestions for reference works on Arabic grammar would be very
welcome, as well!! I'm currently working from my notes, textbooks and
Muhammad Abdul-Rauf's "Arabic for English Speaking Students". I'm sure
there are better books to use as reference (in Arabic or English, either
will be great) than what I've got. I'd be especially interested in
manuals of style, again in either language.

Thanks for your help!

--tag

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  12 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Nov 12 17:30:58 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 12 Nov 2001 10:30:58 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:Ramadan Songs response
Message-ID: <MON.12.NOV.2001.103058.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 12 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Ramadan Songs response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  12 Nov 2001
From: Ola Moshref <omoshref at aucegypt.edu>
Subject: Ramadan Songs response

I know of 'il-misaHaraati by Fouad Haddad, only in his books.

Ola

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  12 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Nov 12 17:41:23 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 12 Nov 2001 10:41:23 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:Wants info on Arabic study in ME
Message-ID: <MON.12.NOV.2001.104123.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 12 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Wants info on Arabic study in ME

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  12 Nov 2001
From: Dale Frakes <dpfrakes at yahoo.com>
Subject: Wants info on Arabic study in ME

Hello everyone!

This is a three part question.

First, the school I am attending for my MBA has no formal Middle
East/Arabic component to their program.  (I am attending UP because I
work there and can go for nearly free).  I am taking it upon myself
to augment my program with study abroad during the summers.  Can any
of you recommend good sources for financial aid, including grants,
scholarships, and loans.

Second, and more specifically, I have looked into Fullbright, NSEP,
and a company called International Education Finance Corporation
(IEFC - http://www.iefc.com/).  I would appreciate hearing about any
experiences or suggestions regarding these sources.  Has anyone used
or heard of IEFC?  I am somewhat hesitant to apply to a company I
have only seen on the web.

Third, most of the summer programs that I can find apprear to be in
Lebanon, Egypt, Jordan, Syria, and Morocco.  Does anyone know of
programs in the Gulf region?  On the other hand, does anyone know of
particularly good programs anywhere in the Middle East?

I thank you all any information you can provide.  In addition to
using
this information for my own program, I also intend to compile
information from responses and put it on my website, so please let me
know if you do not want it listed there.

Sincerely,
Dale Frakes

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  12 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Nov 12 17:32:01 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 12 Nov 2001 10:32:01 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA&LING:AUC Conference
Message-ID: <MON.12.NOV.2001.103201.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 12 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: AUC Conference

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  12 Nov 2001
From: zeinab Ibrahim <zeinabib at aucegypt.edu>
Subject: AUC Conference

                         SECOND CALL FOR PAPERS  
                     Celebrating TAFL Golden Jubilee
                    
                          The Arabic Language Institute
                 The American University in Cairo

                                  Announces        
The International Conference on Arabic Language
                               And Linguistics
      On Friday and Saturday May 17 & 18, 2002
              Languages of Conference: Arabic & English
                                            
                   Keynote Speakers:
                     ElSaid Badawi , Johnathan Owens
           and  Kees Versteegh


                                 Themes
                                          
Teaching Arabic as a Foreign or National Language; Acquisition of
Arabic as a First or Foreign Language; Language Planning & Reform;
Textbooks & Dictionaries; Standardized Tests; Arabic & computers;
Translation; Distance Learning; Contrastive Studies.

Papers and pre-organized panels are welcome.
Abstracts: 250 words.
E-mail: icall at aucegypt.edu
Abstracts in attachments: Please use IBM, Word
Deadline: January 22nd, 2002.
Organizers: Alaa Elgibali & Zeinab Ibrahim

Fax: 20-2- 795- 7565
Address:   Alaa Elgibali
The Arabic language Institute
The American University in Cairo
113 kasr Al-Aini st.
Cairo, Egypt.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  12 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Nov 12 17:42:32 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 12 Nov 2001 10:42:32 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:wants Arabic in Boston area this winter
Message-ID: <MON.12.NOV.2001.104232.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 12 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: wants Arabic in Boston area this winter

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  12 Nov 2001
From: Osin22 at aol.com
Subject: wants Arabic in Boston area this winter

[please respond directly to requestor.]

Hi, my name is Alex. I am an honors junior Political Science and History
major at the UMASS Amherst. My focus in polysci is the Middle East and I am
wanting to learn Arabic in order to pursue my career goal as a Foreign
Officer. I want to go to Cairo my 1st semester senior year and take intensive
Arabic classes. The problem is that at my school Arabic 1 is taught 1st
semester and Arabic 2 second, I would really like to have some background in
Arabic before I go to Cairo. If someone could offer me a way of learning an
introduction to Arabic during winter session it would be deeply appreciated.
I live in both Amherst and Boston and am willing to work extremely hard.
Sincerely, Alex

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  12 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Nov 12 17:43:31 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 12 Nov 2001 10:43:31 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:Publishing possibilities query
Message-ID: <MON.12.NOV.2001.104331.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 12 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Publishing possibilities query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  12 Nov 2001
From: mohamed zniber <zniber at yahoo.fr>
Subject: Publishing possibilities query

Dear colleagues,
I am Mohamed Zniber. I defended my Ph.D. thesis last
July. It is entitled: Verb phrase modification in
Moroccan Arabic: ‘Auxiliation’, supervised by Pr.
Youssi from Mohamed V university, Rabat Morocco.
I would like to inquire about publishing possibilities
in international linguistic journals. My article is
about modal auxiliaries in Moroccan Arabic and
English: a comparative study. It is subdivided into
two main sections: the first one reviews the uses of
modals in English and Moroccan Arabic. The main
concern is, therefore, to investigate how the concept
of modality is expressed in the two languages. The
second part deals with error analysis. Moroccan
learners of English often misuse English modals. The
mistakes can be syntactic, semantic or lexical. The
study focuses on three types of tests: grammar
examinations, composition papers and translation
tasks.
Thanks for your collaboration.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  12 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Nov 12 17:44:24 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 12 Nov 2001 10:44:24 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:TRANS:allaah
Message-ID: <MON.12.NOV.2001.104424.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 12 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: allaah

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  12 Nov 2001
From: Mathias van den Bossche <m.vdb at free.fr>
Subject: allaah

In the light of previous contribution, what about the
following translation of "lâ ?ilâha ?illa L-Lâh".

"There is no deity but God"

Mathias van den Bossche

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  12 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Nov 12 17:45:38 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 12 Nov 2001 10:45:38 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:lynx and Arabic
Message-ID: <MON.12.NOV.2001.104538.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 12 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
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           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: lynx and Arabic

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  12 Nov 2001
From: Dan Parvaz <dparvaz at unm.edu>
Subject: lynx and Arabic

>  Neat! Since you're mapping from Win-1256, you might want to include these

Thanks, Tim -- I'll do just that. FWIW, the Persian/Farsi (I'm agnostic on
that non-issue) names for the letters are A-OK.

Stranger than fiction: lynx seems to kinda-sorta read Win-1256. Using lynx
to read aljazeera, you get something like this:

q+a+l+ r+yHy+s+ a+l+w+z+r+a+H' a+l+f+r+n+s+y+ l+y+w+n+y+l+
g+w+s+b+a+n+ ahn+h+ s+y+w+a+f+q+ e+l+j+ a+s+t+g+w+a+b+h+ f+y+ ahtja+r+
t+hkq+y+q+ y+g+r+j+ b+snaHn+ t+m+w+y+l+ i+y+r+ snr+e+y+ l+hkz+b+h+
a+l+a+snt+r+a+k+y+. w+m+n+ snaHn+ h+dkh+ a+l+x+tjw+tm aHn+ t+d+e+w+
l+l+m+q+a+r+n+tm b+y+n+ m+w+q+f+ g+w+s+b+a+n+ w+m+w+q+f+ a+l+r+yHy+s+
a+l+f+r+n+s+y+ g+a+k+ sny+r+a+k+ a+l+dky+ k+s+b+ hkk+m+a+ q+dda+yHy+a+
y+g+n+b+h+ a+l+m+s+a+H'l+tm a+l+q+a+n+w+n+y+tm f+y+ q+dda+y+a+
f+s+a+d+ hkz+b+y+

Annoying, but readable.
Cheers,
Dan.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  12 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Nov 12 17:48:32 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 12 Nov 2001 10:48:32 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:Intensive programs responses
Message-ID: <MON.12.NOV.2001.104832.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 12 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Intensive programs response
2) Subject: Intensive programs response
3) Subject: Intensive programs response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  12 Nov 2001
From: aziz abbassi <moustique51 at hotmail.com>
Subject: Intensive programs response

In response to the year-long intensive programs, you are right Dil about
the places you mentioned and I believe that DLI would theoretically
(at least until very recently) accept private students, but they
would charge them prohibitive fees for the 63-week course.

Aziz Abbassi
Author, Translator
(International Education Management Services)
PO BOX 6030
Monterey, CA 93944
(831) 375-5969

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date:  12 Nov 2001
From: malhawary at ou.edu
Subject: Intensive programs response

Institute of Islamic and Arabic Sciences in Fairfax, Virginia, offers
up to 20-25 hours weekly of "intensive" instruction in Arabic in its
daily intensive programs (M-F), although it does not offer any classes
in the Summer.  What's more, it is almost free.  As far as I can recall
when I used to teach there, students had to pay a nominal fee for registration
and books (about $ 50.00).

Mohammad T. Alhawary

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
3)
Date:  12 Nov 2001
From: Sanaa Ghanem <sanaa at arabacademy.com>
Subject: Intensive programs response

The Arab Academy offers a two year intensive Arabic language program for
adults.  For more information on the program visit:
http://www.arabacademy.com/main/online/registrar_e.shtml

Sanaa Ghanem
http://www.arabacademy.com

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  12 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov 14 22:03:16 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 14 Nov 2001 15:03:16 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:Intensive year-long program response
Message-ID: <WED.14.NOV.2001.150316.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 14 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
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           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Intensive year-long program response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  14 Nov 2001
From: Karin Ryding <rydingk at georgetown.edu>
Subject: Intensive year-long program response

Dear Dil,
          I think you are right.  No current year-long intensive academic
Arabic program currently exists, although I remember Wally Erwin trying to get
funding for such a project here at Georgetown in the '70's.  He was modelling
it after one at Cornell, which was intensive year-long training in Chinese, I
think.  I don't know if they still have something like that. All the best,
KCRyding

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  14 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov 14 22:00:09 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 14 Nov 2001 15:00:09 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:TRANS:dictionary responses
Message-ID: <WED.14.NOV.2001.150009.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 14 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: dictionary response
2) Subject: dictionary response
3) Subject: dictionary response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  14 Nov 2001
From: Tim Buckwalter <TimBuckwalter at aol.com>
Subject: dictionary response

I recommend that you add the English-Arabic "Munjid" to your collection. The
Lebanese produce beautiful bilingual dictionaries and this one is no
exception:

Thiyuduri, Qustantin. al-Mounged : English-Arabic / by C. Theodory. 1st. ed.
Beirut : Librairie Orientale, 1996. $22.00 (U.S.). 996, [164] p. : ill. ; 25
cm. English-Arabic dictionary.  LCN: 97963228

also listed as:
Theodory, C.: al-Mounged : english - arabic / by C. Theodory .- 2. éd .-
Beirut: Librairie Orientale, 1997 .- 996, 20, 143 S. : Ill

and also:
Theodory, Constantin
Al-Mounged: English-Arabic / by C. Theodory. -- 2nd. ed.. -- Beirut :
Librairie Orientale, 1997
Contiene : Appendices : I. Irregular verbs -- II. Countries, related nouns,
adjectives and capitals -- III. Chemical symbols -- IV. Comparative proverbs
Contiene : Biographical names, p. 1-143

Tim
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date:  14 Nov 2001
From: Jan Hoogland <j.hoogland at let.kun.nl>
Subject: dictionary response

Timothy,
I would suggest to add two general dictionaries:

- Al Mu'jam Al-'Asasi, ALECSO, Larousse, Arabic-Arabic. It won't help you
to look up words for your English-Arabic translations, but if you work the
way I do (I need some word containing the root KTB or ShRB), you can
benefit from this book.

- Al Qamoos CD-ROM, produced by Sakhr (Arabic enabled Windows). Check their
website or ARAMEDIA (you're welcome George). This does not add so many new
translations etc, but it is a valuable compilation of existing dictionaries
(Mawrid, Wehr and others).
and it's very fast. I use it for checking vocalisation etc.

Good luck.
Jan

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
3)
Date:  14 Nov 2001
From: GnhBos at aol.com
Subject: dictionary response


Please note that most, if not ALL, Arabic translation software
require MS Arabic Windows. Your best bet would be An Nakel's
Specialized Dictionaries which are not shown on the site, if I post
the whole thing, Dil would snip it and slap me on back of the head.

An-Nakel is also available in single direction translation. Bi-Di
is the way to go. For more information, go to our machine
translation webpage:

http://aramedia.com/aschome.htm

Machine Translation Software

An-Nakel* Bidirectional Translation Software Ar-En-Ar $995.00
An-Nakel* One Way Arabic to English Translation Software $695.00
An-Nakel* One Way English to Arabic Translation Software $695.00
Easy Lingo, Instant Translator English-Arabic. ANY Win 95/98/NT $25.00
Al-Mutarjim* Professional Machine Translation Software $699.00
Al-Wafi* Arabic Translator CD $120.00 (Not too good)

(*) Requires MS Arabic Windows.

Dictionaries are available, mostly for Arabic Windows, except for
Bishai's ADAM edition, which will work with you English Windows.
MS Arabic software is multilingual, Arabic and English, installing
Arabic Windows will NOT loose you English files or ability.

Arsabic/English/Arabic Dictionaries

Bishai Dictionary of Literary Arabic ADAM for MS Windows $59.00
Bishai Dictionary of Literary Arabic NAD* for MS Arabic Windows $59.00
Bishai Dictionary of Literary Arabic SAAD for MS-DOS $59.00
Sakhr's Al-Qamoos* Dictionary Multilingual Ar/En/Fr/Ger/Tur $70.00
Sakhr's Al-Qamoos* Dictionary Bilingual Arabic/English $60.00
Sakhr's Qamoosi Al-Ajeeb My Incredible Dictionary $24.00
Islamic Dictionary CD is $50.00
English-Arabic English Only Talking Dictionary 450,000 Words $199.00

(*) Requires MS Arabic Windows.

http://aramedia.com/aschome.htm

Arabic/English PS-2 Keyboard is available for $49.00.
Arabic/English Keyboard Stickers for either Laptop or Desktop are
available for $15.00 each:

http://www.aramedia.com/keyboard-ar.htm
http://aramedia.com/stickers.htm

You are welcome to contact me, directly, for more information.

Best Regards,

George N. Hallak
AramediA Group
http://www.aramedia.com
T 617-825-3044 F 617-265-9648


--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  14 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov 14 22:00:45 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 14 Nov 2001 15:00:45 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:Arabic Program Opinion responses
Message-ID: <WED.14.NOV.2001.150045.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 14 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
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           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Arabic Program Opinion responses

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  14 Nov 2001
From: khorshid <khorshid at aucegypt.edu>
Subject: Arabic Program Opinion responses

Chris,

I have taught both for institutions and privately. In institutions you are
governed by their rules. When you teach privately, you are your own master.
When I do so, I start teaching the Arabic language, colloquial and also Modern
Standard Arabic (MSA) orally, no books, but many pictures and realia. If you
want to start a new program I strongly recommend doing the first semester
completely orally (again, no books no alphabet).This should give your students
strong communication skills and will encourage the teacher towards the same
end.

Regards
Ahmad Khorshid
Arabic Language Instructor
AUC

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  14 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov 14 22:01:37 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 14 Nov 2001 15:01:37 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:Netscape 6.2 query
Message-ID: <WED.14.NOV.2001.150137.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 14 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Netscape 6.2 query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  14 Nov 2001
From: Sal Maduh <sal.maduh at verizon.net>
Subject: Netscape 6.2 query

Has anyone figured out how to properly display Arabic pages in Netscape 6.2
for the Mac! I was able to do that without problems using Netscape 6, but
since they upgraded the browser, I am getting a scrambled text regardless of
the character set I choose.

Thanks in advance.

Best regards,

Salah Maduh
Washington, DC
USA

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  14 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov 14 22:02:23 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 14 Nov 2001 15:02:23 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:Ramadan Songs
Message-ID: <WED.14.NOV.2001.150223.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 14 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Ramadan Songs

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  14 Nov 2001
From: GnhBos at aol.com
Subject: Ramadan Songs

>
>   I know of 'il-misaHaraati by Fouad Haddad, only in his books.
>
>   Ola

Is "Haddad" a good Christian Arab family name?

Best Regards,

George N. Hallak

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  14 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov 14 22:08:20 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 14 Nov 2001 15:08:20 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:etymology and emphasis responses
Message-ID: <WED.14.NOV.2001.150820.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 14 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: :emphasis response
2) Subject: :taawila etymology response
3) Subject: :taawila and emphasis response
4) Subject: :taawila etymology response
5) Subject: :taawila etymology
6) Subject: :emphasis response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  14 Nov 2001
From: khorshid <khorshid at aucegypt.edu>
Subject: : emphasis response

When you speak about emphasis you need to make a distinction between Qur'anic
Arabic and non-Qur'anic Arabic. In Qur'anic Arabic emphatic sounds are always
emphatic, whereas unemphatic sounds are always unemphatic. For example, the
"b" in SabaaH must be pronounced unemphatic, unlike colloquial Arabic dialects
(even Modern Standard Arabic MSA is influenced by the dialects). On the other
hand, the unemphatic sounds in colloquial and MSA will be pronouced emphatic
in the neighborhood of emphatic sounds (followed or preceded by emphatic
sounds). The word SabaaH above is one example.

All four examples you gave are special cases (Allaah, maay, baaba & maama).
Some representative examples are
  on "m" maat vs. al-maaDi
  on "b" ba9d vs. ba9D
  on "l" laa9ib vs. Salaah

I would also like to note that some readers of the Qur'an don't stick to the
rule of pronouncing unemphatic sounds unemphatic in all environments. That is,
you can hear the influence of colloquial Arabic in their pronunciation of
unemphatic sounds as emphatic ones in the neighborhood of emphatic sounds. The
same is true with MSA.

Regards

Ahmad Khorshid
Arabic Language Instructor
AUC

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date:  14 Nov 2001
From: "Schub, Michael" <michael.schub at trincoll.edu>
Subject: :taawila etymology

  /Taawilah/ is derived directly for Italian "tavola"  [table].
Best wishes,
                                    Mike Schub
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
3)
Date:  14 Nov 2001
From: DLNewman <d.newman at planetinternet.be>
Subject: :emphasis and taawila etymology

Hello,

1. With regard to your question about emphatics, the impact on neighbouring
vowels is in fact the result of assimilation, and a logical 'byproduct' of
the articulatory processes involved in the production of the emphatic
(velarized/pharyngealized) consonants (retracted tongue root, concomitant
pharyngeal constriction, and lateral expansion of the tongue which is
raised - the Arabic grammarian's 'iTbaaq', 'lidding'). Of course, the
perceptual  changes in the vowels reflect the acoustic changes, the most
important of which is that emphatic consonants have a marked impact on the
second formant (F2) of vowels.
  In addition to the dialectal emphatics you have mentioned, many consonants
in colloquial Arabic varieties may in fact be velarized - e.g. /r/ (e.g.
Egyptian Colloquial Arabic /khaMR/, 'time'; cf. minimal pairs like /gaRaSI/,
'bell'-/daras/, 'he studied'), /n/ (e.g. ECA /baTN/, 'belly), as /s/ (e.g.
/kaSSar/, 'he broke') -, particularly of course when they occur next to the
'true' (i.e. primary) emphatics, whose influence may be ambisyllabic (e.g.
ECA /NeTLoB/, 'we ask').
It is interesting to note in this respect, that the great Sibawayhi (who was
the first to refer to emphatic consonants as /muTbaqa/, - 'lidded' - rather
than /mufakhkhama/ - 'thickened') already mentioned an 'alif al-tafkhiim',
which he identified in words like /Salaat/ ('prayers'), adding that this was
a typical feature of Hijazi Arabic.

2. Ultimately, the Arabic /Taw(i)(u)la/ goes back to the Latin 'tabula', but
it entered the language through the Italian 'tavola' (by way of the lingua
franca).

With kind regards,

Daniel Newman

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
4)
Date:  14 Nov 2001
From: Tim Buckwalter <TimBuckwalter at aol.com>
Subject: :taawila etymology

The widely acknowledged etymology of Ta:wila is the Italian "tavola". I don't
know what the oldest recorded use is, but it's listed in Spiro's dictionary
(as "table" and "backgammon"). I found no instance of this word in Lisan
al-Arab or the Hadith corpus, but to my surprise I found a single occurrence
of it in the Arabic Bible (Smith Van Dyke translation?): "wa-nu`idda lahu
fiihaa sariiran wa-Taawilatan wa-kursiyyan..." (2 Kings 4:10). I would have
expected the translators to use the more standard "ma:'ida".

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
5)
Date:  14 Nov 2001
From: dparvaz at unm.edu
Subject: :taawila etymology

>- About the etymology of Cl.Arabic [T'A:wila] / Palestinian [T'A:wle]
>   (table), I would like to know whether it is a coincidence that
>   it is very close to late Latin [t'awula] (classical Latin TABULUM),

This would fit the general pattern of other words for "table" found
in Arabic, such as ['me:za] and  [TAra'bezza].

While we're musing on imported vs. native words for new(?) concepts:
in Persian, the word [kor'si] (clearly related to Arabic ['kursi])
refers to particular kind of seating arrangement, to wit: a low table
is set up with some sort of heating element underneath, The table is
then covered by heavy blankets or carpets. Folks sit on the ground
and cover their legs with the carpet/blankets. Toasty.

Question: is this a semantic narrowing of ['kursi], or is something
like this pre-date the more off-the-ground concept of "chairness" in
the Arabic-speaking world, which was then extended?

Cheers,

Dan.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
5)
Date:  14 Nov 2001
From: Louis Boumans <louis.boumans at freeler.nl>
Subject: :emphasis response

In response to Mathias van den Bossche'squery,

J. Heath argues, quite plausibly, with respect to Spanish and French
loan words in Moroccan Arabic that the vowel quality in the source
language determines the consonant phoneme in the borrowed Arabic
cognate. So an adjacing [A] vowel will often result in loan words
with emphatic or other back consonants like q. Therefore MA /Taksi/
(taxi), /Tabla ~ Tebla/ (table) etc but /tran/ (tren "train"),
/tinis/ etc. This probaly explains CA qaSr < Lat. castrum as well.

J. Heath, ca.1986. Ablaut and Ambiguity
J. Heath. 1989. From Codeswitching to Borrowing

Yours, Louis Boumans

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  14 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Fri Nov 16 23:54:06 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Fri, 16 Nov 2001 16:54:06 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:TRANS:allaah
Message-ID: <FRI.16.NOV.2001.165406.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Fri 16 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: allaah

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  16 Nov 2001
From: nagwa hedayet <nhedayet at yahoo.com>
Subject: allaah

[moderator's note: I apologize for the weird extra characters, but
sometimes when an attachment comes things like "smart" quotes are
wrecked in the translation.  Does anyone know a good way for me to
handle this?  Dil]

Hello everybody,

I have been reading all your discussion about the word ìAllaahuî with
great interest, and thought to share with you some of my reflections.
Sorry if it is a bit long.

  At the beginning, I agree with Mr. A. Abboud and Dr. Chambers that
what we translate refer to concepts.  But a Muslim who reads and
comprehends the Quríaan thinks of ìwa ilaahuna wa ilaahukom waaHidun
wa naHnu lahu muslimuun.î (Q. al ëinkabuut:46).  Most probably s/he
translates it as: ìOur God is your God and to Him we are submissive
(obedient)î- explicitly stating that Muslim and non-Muslim believers
have one God.

  While, in quoting Jesusí words in the Quríaan  s/he reads ìwa inna
Allaaha rabbi wa rabbukom faíbuduhu haatha siratun mostaqeemî
(Q.Mariam: 36), i.e. ìVerily Allaah is my Lord and your Lord: Him,
therefore, serve ye:  this is a path that is straightî.  Thus, this
context presents the proper name of the one and common Lord: ìAllaahî.

  Then, a Muslim reads the words of God to Prophet Muhammad: ìfaíalam
annahu laa ilaaha illa íllaahuî (Q. Muhammad: 19) as the core of
monotheism. Translation of this verse by most Muslims will be: ìknow
(Muhammad and every human being), therefore, that there is no god
(lowercase) but Allaahuî.  Thus, when the context is about ìdeityî,
it is translated into ìGodî (upper case), and if the concept refers
to a minor worshipped idol/symbol, it is ìgodî (lowercase). 

  This is why Muslims think that ìAllaahî is the proper name God chose
to call Himself in the Quríaan, since the name is seen in the same
verse/context with the words  ìrabbî (Lord) and ìilaahî(God).  The
above verses are example of this language use. The name ìAllaahî is
mentioned 2153 times in the Quríaan as the proper name for deity,
which shows the significance of the name. 

  Allaah revealed for the believers other names (attributes indeed,
such as ar-raHamaanu and al- kareemu, al-qayyuumu..etc). However,
ìAllaahuî is seen to be the most sacred of the ninety nine names as
in:  ìqoll  idëou allaaha íaw e dëou r-raHmaana fali llaahi l
íasmaaíu l Hosnaaî(Q. israaí:110), i.e., ìsay call upon Allaah or
call upon  ar-raHmaan for to Him belong the most beautiful names
(attributes)î.  [see the names of God in Sir Edwin Arnoldís ìPearls
of the Faithî]

  Some scholars believe that if a Muslim calls God by one of His
attributes, s/he will ask God by this particular adjective.  So, if
s/he says yaa raHmaanu, s/he calls upon Godís mercy.  Similarly, if
s/he says ya Kareemu, s/he calls upon Godís generosity.  But if s/he
says  ìyaa Allaahuî or ìAllaahummaî, s/he calls upon all His other
names.  While others believe that Allaahu is ìal-ismu líaëdhamî ñ or
the most sacred of all other names and attributes. 

  The name has significance, as a person cannot substitute any other
name in the shahaada (the first pillar in Islam by which one becomes
a Muslim)- ìlaa ilaaha illa Allaahuî- by any other name (i.e. not ìla
ilaaha illa al-kareemuî ..etc).  It is also the only name used in the
prayer call five times a day ìAllaahu íakbaruî. 

Allaahu is the only name that remains meaningful even if one or more
of its letters are dropped.  If we drop the alif, it is ìlillaahiî,
(for/to Allaah), a meaningful term that is found in several verses of
the Quríaan.  If we drop its first ìlaamî, we are left with ìlahuî
(for Him).  If we drop the final ìlaamî, we are left with ìhuuî(Him)
or ìhuwaî (He) that has its significance in mysticism.  Moreover,
though the word Allaahu is used in the language as a second or third
term of idaafa construction, it can never be used as a first term. 

  Since Arabic is a Semitic language, there is no wonder to find many
shared vocabulary especially in the Semitic religious realm. For
instance, the word Elluhim is very close in pronunciation to
Allaahumma, as well as others (such as qayyum).  Non-Arab Muslims
translate ìDeityî into Allaah.  I would imagine that Arab Jews and
Christians also call Him Allaah.

  My  assumption is that because God is the direct author of the
monotheistic scripture and He chose to call Himself ìAllaahuî, it
would sound weird to call Him something else like using ìSubmission
to Godî or ìObedienceî instead of ìIslamî.  It may even sound funny,
or like me signing this email to you ìIntimacyî or ìConfidential
Talkî instead of ìNagwaî

w Allaahu 'a'lamu 

Nagwa Hedayet
Hedayet Institute for Arabic Studies
Cairo-Egypt

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  16 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Fri Nov 16 23:45:15 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Fri, 16 Nov 2001 16:45:15 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:etymology and emphasis
Message-ID: <FRI.16.NOV.2001.164515.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Fri 16 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: etymology and emphasis
2) Subject: etymology and emphasis

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  16 Nov 2001
From: DLNewman <d.newman at planetinternet.be>
Subject: etymology and emphasis

Hello (again),

1. It seems the computer gremlins were in a confederacy against me in my
last message:
the translation of /khaMR/ is of course 'alcoholic beverage' (not 'time'!),
whereas /gaRaS/ ('bell') does not have /I/ at the end.

2. With regard to the etymology question, it is worth adding that the Latin
'tabula' is also the etymon of /Tabliyya/, which in Egyptian Arabic denotes
a low round table. However, the intermediary here, I suspect, was not
Italian, but French ('tablette').

3. As for Louis Boumans' comment, evidence would not seem to support this
(at least not across the board for all dialects), as shown by examples like
/diktatuur/, /tanbar/ ('stamp'), 'jandarma' (and many more). Indeed, /U/
(both short and long) also often has this effect: e.g. /dukTuur/,
/uTumuubiil/. All these examples are, in fact, drawn from sources dating
back to the 19th century, which was arguably the first time loanwords from
European languages arrived in great numbers. The use of emphatics in
loanwords is of course not new, and can already be observed in mediaeval
borrowings from Greek (e.g. /dimuqraTiya/). For some cases at least, I can't
help but wonder whether the use of the emphatic did not originally serve to
clearly mark the word as foreign in writing, and later became a convention.
Equally interesting is the fact that in a number of spoken varieties of
Arabic the emphatics in borrowings (from European tongues) are often
replaced by their non-emphatic counterparts.

Daniel Newman

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date:  16 Nov 2001
From: "Schub, Michael" <michael.schub at trincoll.edu>
Subject: etymology and emphasis

The Lebanese Jesuit elegant Arabic translation of the Bible
[ISBN 2-7214-4547-2, 1988] does indeed have {the originally
Ethiopic} /maa'idah/ for "table" as opposed to /Taawilah/
at 2Kings 4.10.  Best wishes,

                                        Mike Schub

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  16 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Fri Nov 16 23:42:25 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Fri, 16 Nov 2001 16:42:25 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:Is 'Haddad' Christian?
Message-ID: <FRI.16.NOV.2001.164225.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Fri 16 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Is 'Haddad' Christian?
2) Subject: Is 'Haddad' Christian?

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  16 Nov 2001
From: Ola Moshref <omoshref at aucegypt.edu>
Subject: Is 'Haddad' Christian?

Yes it is. Foad Haddaad was an Egyptian christian from a very wealthy
family. He converted to Islam, and married a simple girl. His family
abandoned him. Like fairy tales! His poems are all folkloric, political, and
very revolutionary!

Ola

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date:  16 Nov 2001
From: dparvaz at unm.edu
Subject: Is 'Haddad' Christian?

>Is "Haddad" a good Christian Arab family name?

I think it depends on where you live. I knew Christian Haddads in
Jordan, but some West Bank Haddads are Muslim.

Cheers,
Dan

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  16 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Fri Nov 16 23:46:53 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Fri, 16 Nov 2001 16:46:53 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:Ramadan Songs
Message-ID: <FRI.16.NOV.2001.164653.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Fri 16 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
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           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Ramadan Songs
2) Subject: Ramadan Songs

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  16 Nov 2001
From: Michael Akard <michael_akard at hotmail.com>
Subject: Ramadan Songs

Kuwait and some of the other Arabian Gulf countries have a children's
holiday within Ramadan. In Kuwait, it is called "Girgiyaan," and
Kuwaitis compare it to Halloween because children dress in special
clothes and go door-to-door (mostly to relatives) collecting gifts of
money and candy. There are special songs associated with this holiday
as well. The one I have heard begins:

Girgiyaan o Girgiyaan, beit aqSayer wa-l-meidhaan

'adat 'aleykum Siyaam, kull sana wa kull 'aam

Michael Akard
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date:  16 Nov 2001
From: Haroon Shirwani <haroon.shirwani at st-johns.oxford.ac.uk>
Subject: Ramadan Songs

Hi,

The Canadian singer Dawud Wharnsby has recorded a very popular song
about Ramadan called "So we've scanned the sky...". Try
www.soundvision.com and click on 'Islamic Songs'. It's in the "Colors
of Islam" album.

Yours,
Haroon Shirwani

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  16 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Fri Nov 16 23:47:50 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Fri, 16 Nov 2001 16:47:50 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:Quran query
Message-ID: <FRI.16.NOV.2001.164750.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Fri 16 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Quran query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  16 Nov 2001
From: Frantz <erkidego at yahoo.com>
Subject: Quran query

Some one mentioned weeks ago that the Qur'an is free of charge.  So, can
someone tell me where can I get a good edition of the Qur'an with text in
Arabic?  I need one.  I am also looking for a copy of the Qur'an recited in
CD.

Shukran

Frantz
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  16 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Fri Nov 16 23:49:32 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Fri, 16 Nov 2001 16:49:32 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:encoding query
Message-ID: <FRI.16.NOV.2001.164932.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Fri 16 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: encoding query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  16 Nov 2001
From: quote at swlocalization.com (through AATA)
Subject: encoding query

[please respond directly to requester.  If it seems interesting, post
it here too.  Dil]

>  Dear John Eisele
>
>  I am a general manager of US based software localization company. Facing
>  many requests for the localization into Arabic language, we are facing a
>  very difficult question as to which language code to use. We found very
>  useful information on your Web site about Modern Standard Arabic used in
>  all printed and written information, but while using the Microsoft Word,
>  there are several inscription choices, like Arabic (Algeria), Arabic
>  (Egypt) etc, but nothing that points out to any STANDARD written language.
>  We would greatly appreciate if you can point us into right direction as to
>  which language setting to use in our translation and localization process,
>  or it maybe doesn't matter at all?
>
>  We are looking forward to hearing from you soon
>
>
>  Sincerely
>  Laurent Kalisz
>  Project manager
>
>  Eclectic Communications USA
>  2828 University Avenue
>  Suite 105
>  San Diego, CA 92104
>
>  Phone: (619) 299-2836
>  Fax: (619) 299-2837
>
>  <http://www.swlocalization.com>http://www.swlocalization.com
>

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  16 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Fri Nov 16 23:50:46 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Fri, 16 Nov 2001 16:50:46 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LIT:Arabic writing and printing history queries
Message-ID: <FRI.16.NOV.2001.165046.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Fri 16 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Arabic writing and printing history queries

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  16 Nov 2001
From: Christina Capurro Sand <csand at sharewonder.org>
Subject: Arabic writing and printing history queries

What was the state of the Arabic writing system at the time of Gutenberg?

When was Arabic first typeset?

When was literature first mass produced via typeset Arabic writing?

What problems did the Arabic writing systems have in typesetting?

What was the influence of the Koran vis-a-vis simplifying the Arabic
alphabet with a view towards typesetting?

Can modern day Arabic readers read the Arabic of the Koran?

Sorry to bombard you with questions.  I'm not an Arabic or linguistic
scholar, although I do have a degree in Latin & Greek.

It's just that I've become fascinated by the impact of alphabets on mass
literacy.

Thanks so much for your time!

Christina Capurro Sand
Sharing Wonder
URL:  http://www.sharewonder.org
E-mail: csand at sharewonder.org
Saratoga, CA

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  16 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Fri Nov 16 23:51:56 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Fri, 16 Nov 2001 16:51:56 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:new article
Message-ID: <FRI.16.NOV.2001.165156.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Fri 16 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: new article

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  16 Nov 2001
From: reposted from LINGUIST
Subject: new article

Subject:  Table of Contents: Babel 46:3 (2000)

Moheiddin A. Homeidi
Syntactic Competence as a Prerequisite for Translation: Evidence from the
Arabic English Paradigm

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End of Arabic-L:  16 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Fri Nov 23 23:04:03 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Fri, 23 Nov 2001 16:04:03 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:Arabic Bibles reference (cont. of emphasis)
Message-ID: <FRI.23.NOV.2001.160403.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Fri 23 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Arabic Bibles reference (cont. of emphasis)

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  23 Nov 2001
From: "Schub, Michael" <michael.schub at trincoll.edu>
Subject: Arabic Bibles reference (cont. of emphasis)

  Hi Tim,
      You might also be interested in Thompson, John A.
*The Major Arabic Bibles*  Amer. Bible Society, NY  1956.

                                         Mike Schub

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End of Arabic-L:  23 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Fri Nov 23 23:10:57 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Fri, 23 Nov 2001 16:10:57 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:Good Ramadan Songs Site
Message-ID: <FRI.23.NOV.2001.161057.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Fri 23 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Good Ramadan Songs Site

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  23 Nov 2001
From: mughazy <mughazy at students.uiuc.edu>
Subject: Good Ramadan Songs Site

Hi
I am sorry for the late respose, but I just found something that might be
useful.
www.egyptiancastle.com
This is one of best sites about Egypt and it has a good lot of Egyptian
Ramadan songs including wahawy ya wahawy, Ramadaan gaana, iSHa ya nayem,
marHab shahr essoom, and many others. the songs are not for download, but you
can at least listen. I am not aware of any site that has a better collection
of ramadan songs.
Hope you find what you need
Ramadan kareem

Mustafa A. Mughazy
Graduate student
Depatment of Linguistics
University of Illinois
Urbana Champaign

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End of Arabic-L:  23 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Fri Nov 23 22:58:06 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Fri, 23 Nov 2001 15:58:06 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:Kritzeck book reference query
Message-ID: <FRI.23.NOV.2001.155806.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Fri 23 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Kritzeck book reference query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  23 Nov 2001
From: Joan Smith/Kocamahhul <j.smith at ling.canterbury.ac.nz>
Subject: Kritzeck book reference query


Apologies for cross-posting.
Recently (the second half of this year?), I came across a reference
cited in one of the lists I subscribe to, I'm assuming one of the
Arabic-related lists I subscribe to.
The reference was:

Kritzeck, J. 1964. Arab-speaking [sic] Christians. New York: Holt,
Rineholt [sic. Rinehart?] and Winston.

I have been unable to find a book of this name on the web, and the
library has been unable to find it so that I can interloan it. Can
someone please help me track down a more accurate reference for this
work?  Feel free to recommend others on the subject. :-)

Thanks
--
Joan Smith/Kocamahhul
Department of Linguistics
University of Canterbury
Private Bag 4800
Christchurch
NEW ZEALAND

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End of Arabic-L:  23 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Fri Nov 23 22:59:45 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Fri, 23 Nov 2001 15:59:45 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:attitude query
Message-ID: <FRI.23.NOV.2001.155945.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Fri 23 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: attitude query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  23 Nov 2001
From: shawky <shawky at aucegypt.edu>
Subject: Arabic acquisition and attitude
Subject: attitude query

Dear colleagues,
-Can anyone explain the sudden increase of learners wanting to acquire
Arabic?,also is it necessary to have a psitive attitude to learn the language
successly?
Nehad Shawky
MATAFL
American University in Cairo

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End of Arabic-L:  23 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Fri Nov 23 23:02:44 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Fri, 23 Nov 2001 16:02:44 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:Basic Noun Phrase Query
Message-ID: <FRI.23.NOV.2001.160244.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Fri 23 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Basic Noun Phrase Query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  23 Nov 2001
From: Mohamed Noamany <mfn at cs.nmsu.edu>
Subject: Basic Noun Phrase Query

Hi,
	I need to know the definition of base noun phrase
in Arabic. I appreciate any refrences or answers.
Thanks,
	Mohamed F. Noamany
	Speech & Language Processing
	BBN Technologies

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End of Arabic-L:  23 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Fri Nov 23 22:59:00 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Fri, 23 Nov 2001 15:59:00 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:TRANS:allaah
Message-ID: <FRI.23.NOV.2001.155900.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Fri 23 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: allaah

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  23 Nov 2001
From: Farghaly01 at aol.com
Subject: allaah

  The recent postings on the distinction between ‘/allaah/, /rabb/ and
/ilaah/ are very interesting and intriguing. As was said and
demonstrated all three, as well as many others,  are used to refer to
God. I will dwell here on some distinctions I find interesting in the
linguistic distribution and behavior of each.

1.  The word ‘allaah/  exhibits  unique morphological and syntactic properties:

a.  It is a definite NP and   thus can  form an Arabic sentence when
followed by an indefinite adjective as in /allaahu kabiirun/ and form
an NP when followed by a definite Adjective such as  /allaahu
rraHiimu/.

b.  Although it begins with the alif laam (the Arabic definite
article) but  it is the only word in Arabic where  the alif laam is
inseparable. Hence  the ungrammaticality of /*laah/.  It is the only
word in Arabic that  incorporates the definite article such that the
definte article is lexicalized and has become an integral part of the
lexical item.


c.  It  does not occur  as  a  first term of an idaafa construct,
which points out to its definiteness.

d.  It  does not accept Pronominal clitics.


e.  Although is is a singular masculine noun, it does not allow
morphological inflection such as dual, plural or  feminine markers.

2.  The morphological properties of the word /ilaah/  differs
drastically from those of the word /allaah/. Consider:

a.  It can be either definite or indefinite as in /ilaah/ , al-ilaah/

b.  It  inflects for gender as  in /venus ilaahatu aljamaal/ ‘Venus,
the goddess of beauty’. It also inflects for number as in /ilaahaan,
ilaahayn/ and the masculine broken plural /?aaliha/.


c.  accepts pronominal clitics as in /ilaahukum/ , /ilaahuna/

3.  The word /rabb/ is similar in its morphological and synatcic
behavior to the word /ilaah/. Consider
a.  It inflects for gender and number. E.g. /rabbatu baytin/ ‘a
housewife. It has broken plural ‘?arbaab’
b.  It accepts an optional  definite article as in /alrabbu waaHidun/
‘God is unique’.
c.  It accepts pronominal suffixes and can occur  as the first term
if an idaafa construct.

4.  There are important semantic and usage differences. This may also
go under implications for teaching Arabic. I would tell my students
the following:

a.  use ‘allaah’ whenever you are referring to the image of God as
presented in monotheistic religions.

b.  The word ‘ilaah’ can be used to refer to God as envisioned by any
group or thinking. So it used in Arabic and in the Quran to refer to
the idols which  were worshipped in Mecca before Islam. Similarily
The word is appropriately used to refer to Greek gods and goddesses.

c.  The word /rabb/ has  a wider meaning as in /rabbu l?usra/ ‘the
head of the family’ and /rabbu alsamaawati wa l?arDi” ‘creator of the
space and land, and ‘rabbu lbayti’ ‘the owner of the house.

Finally we visual the semantic relationship among the three words as
a continuum starting from the general to the specifci as follows :

Rabb à ilaah à allaah

Ali Farghaly
Senior Linguist
YY Technologies

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End of Arabic-L:  23 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Fri Nov 23 23:04:42 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Fri, 23 Nov 2001 16:04:42 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:TRANS:placebo query
Message-ID: <FRI.23.NOV.2001.160442.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Fri 23 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: placebo query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  23 Nov 2001
From: "Kenneth K. Ayouby" <sm-kka at visitus.net>
Subject: placebo query

Dear List Members,

Aside from "dawaa' wahmi" or "'ilaaj badiil" for the term placebo,
what other terms might members be familiar with? Any notions for
"placebo effect"?  "ta'-thiir wahmi" (or kaadhib)?

Anyone familiar with a term for a similar concept to placebo in
medieval Arabic medical texts? I am thinking also of alchemy and its
"spiritual" connections to Sufism, and the potential for the presence
of a "placebo" concept.

Any ideas?

Many thanks.

Kenneth K. Ayouby

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End of Arabic-L:  23 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Fri Nov 23 23:07:01 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Fri, 23 Nov 2001 16:07:01 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LIT:Arabic Writing and Printing Response
Message-ID: <FRI.23.NOV.2001.160701.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Fri 23 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Arabic Writing and Printing Response
2) Subject: Arabic Writing and Printing Response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  23 Nov 2001
From: DLNewman <d.newman at planetinternet.be>
Subject: Arabic Writing and Printing Response

Hello,

- In Gutenberg's day (first half of 15th century), there was no Arabic
printing anywhere in the world.
- Arabic typeset books were first produced on a large scale as from the
second quarter of the 19th century (mainly in Egypt and the Levant).
- Arabic typeset printing was born in Europe, in Fano (Italy) where a press
was set up by order of Pope Julius II in 1514; the oldest extant text is a
book of Christian prayers ('Kitab Salaat al-sawa'i"). The first Arabic press
to produce a series of books was the Medici press (Typographia Medicea
linguarum externarum) - named after Cardinal Ferdinando de' Medici -, which
became operational in 1585. See A. Tinto (1987): La typografia medicea
orientale, Lucca; Josée Balagna (1984): L'imprimerie arabe en Occident (XVI,
XVII et XVIII siècles), Paris; Bonola Bey (1909): "Note sur l'origine de la
première imprimerie arabe en Europe", Bulletin de l'Institut français
d'Egypte, 5è série, III:1.
- The first Arabic printing press in a Muslim country was set up in Aleppo
(1702), though the St Antony monastery in Qazhayya (Lebanon) already had a
Syriac press in 1610 (the only output was an Arabic psalter printed in
Syriac characters - the so-called 'Garshuunii'). The Aleppo press was
followed by others in al-Shuwayr (Lebanon), in 1734, and Beirut (1751).
See J.Nasrallah (1958): "L'imprimerie au Liban", Beirut; Khalil Sabat
(1958): "Tarikh al-Tiba'a fi 'l-sharq al-'Arabi", Cairo; Encyclopaedia of
Islam, 2nd ed., s.v. "Matba'a" (G. Oman/Günay Alpay Kut), "Djarida" (B.
Lewis-Ch. Pellat/P.M. Holt/P. Hitti).
- In Turkey, the first Arabic press was set up in 1727. See W. Heinz in
Wiener Zeitschrift der Kunde des Morgenlandes (WZKM), 61, 1967, pp. 68ff.;
G. Weil (1907): "Die ersten Drücke der Türken", Zentralblatt für
Bibliothekwesen, 24, pp. 49-61; Encyclopaedia of Islam 2nd ed., s.v.
"Ibrahim Müteferriqa" (Niyazi Berkes).
- In Egypt the first Arabic presses arrived with Napoleon's invasion force.
In 1822, Muhammad Ali set up a printing press at Bulaq. See Encyclopaedia of
Islam, s.v. "Bulaq" (J. Jomier); A. Ridwan (1953): Tarikh matba'at Bulaq wa
lamha 'an tarikh al-tiba'a fi buldan al-sharq al-awsat, Cairo. For the early
output of the Bulaq press, see J. T. Reinaud in Journal Asiatique, 2è série,
VIII, 1831, pp. 333-44; T. X. Bianchi in Journal Asiatique, iv: 2è série,
1843, pp. 24-60. On printing and presses during the French occupation, see
A. Wassef (1975): L'information et la presse officielle en Egypte jusqu'à la
fin de l'occupation française, Cairo.
- In Algeria, the first lithographed Arabic characters were used for the
bilingual newspaper 'Le Moniteur algérien" in January 1832, with typography
being introduced on 28 July of that year (No. 26). See A. Merad, "La
formation de la presse musulmane en Algérie", IBLA, 105, pp. 10-11;
Christiane Souriau-Hoebrechts (1975), "La presse maghrébine.
Libye-Tunisie-Maroc-Algérie, Paris.
- In Morocco: lithography was introduced in the mid-1860s (Meknès, Fès). The
first book was "al-Shama'il al-Muhammadiyya" by the 9th-century scholar
al-Tirmidhi. See M. Mannuni (1965): "al-Tibaa'a al-hajariyya al-Fasiyya",
Titwaan, X, pp. 132-75; G. Ayach (1964): "L'apparition de l'imprimerie au
Maroc", Hespéris-Tamuda, V, pp. 143-61; E. Lévi-Provençal (1921): "Essai de
répertoire chronolique des éditions de Fès", Revue Africaine, pp. 158ff.
- In Tunisia, Arabic typography was first used in 1860; the first book to be
printed was a military manual entitled 'al-Misbah al-musfir fi tartib
al-'askar' (February 1860, 32pp.), whereas the first issue of the official
Gazette, 'al-Raa'id al-Tunisi', came off the press in July (22/4 Muharram
1266) of that year. However, the first lithographed Arabic book had appeared
in the country in 1849; it was the Arabic translation of a theological work
written by a French priest by the name of François Bourgade (who had also
set up the press) and was entitled "al-Muhawara al-ula bayn al-ukht
al-fadila wa 'l-mufti fi 'l-farq bayn al-mar'a al-Nasraniyya wa 'l-muslima
wa munazara fi 'l-Injil" ('First dialogue between the venerable Sister and
the Mufti on the difference between the Christian and Muslim women and an
exchange of views on the Gospel'), the second part of which ("al-Kitab
althani min musaamaraat Qartajanna") appeared in the same year. The original
French text was entitled "Les Soirées de Carthage, ou dialogues entre un
prêtre catholique, un muphti et un cadi" (Paris, Firmin-Didot, 1847,
192pp.). The first official lithograph press was set up in 1857, with the
'Fundamental Pact' ('al-'ahd al-aman') being the first product. See M.
Chenoufi (1974): Le problème des origines de l'imprimerie et de la prese
arabes en Tunisie dans sa relation avec la Renaissance 'Nahda' (1847-1887),
2 vols, Lille.
It is interesting to note that in many Muslim countries (except for Tunisia
and Morocco), lithography was introduced AFTER typeset printing: e.g. Turkey
(1803), Persia (1828), Egypt (1838).
- In Libya, the first Arabic typeset text (the first issue of the offical
Gazette, "Tarabulus al-Gharb") was printed in 1866 in Tripoli.

I hope this is of some use to you.

With kind regards,

Daniel Newman

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date:  23 Nov 2001
From: "Henry C. Farrell" <charfar at worldnet.att.net>
Subject: Arabic Writing and Printing Response

  To Christina and interested others--

George Saliba in his short 1999 book, Rethinking the Roots of Modern
Science, refers to the first Arabic press in 1514 in Fano on the
Western shore of the Adriatic.  He then builds the case for European
desire for Arabic language astronomical works as being one motivation
for the the press. Evidently this press actually produced books.

It's my impression that Arabic presses have been used to produce
newspapers and books for a long time, but that calligraphy has also
been used until very recent times.  Richard Reeves in his 1984 book,
Passage to Peshawar, gives a short discription of the process used in
one newpaper office.  Calligraphers wrote the beautiful Arabic script
onto column wide transparent sheets which were pasted up and
photographed to make the printing plates.  Perhaps some of members of
the list could say more about when typeset printing became "the norm".

It seems that many text books for young beginning readers in Arabic
speaking countries are produced using hand calligraphy (and, for
example, Bedwiy's series of books for Arabic as a second language
teaching has a first year book in calligraphy and following books are
typeset). Could it be that the reason for this is that calligraphy is
easier for inexperienced Arabic readers to read? Perhaps members of
the list with experience in this field can comment.

Charlotte Farrell
fmr student of Arabic
Charfar at worldnet.att.net

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From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Fri Nov 23 22:57:10 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Fri, 23 Nov 2001 15:57:10 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:NACAL 30 Announcement
Message-ID: <FRI.23.NOV.2001.155710.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Fri 23 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: NACAL 30 Announcement

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  23 Nov 2001
From: Robin Thelwall <eubule at telusplanet.net>
Subject: NACAL 30 Announcement

NACAL 30 - N. American Conference on Afroasiatic Linguistics
NACAL 30 will be held in Houston from 22-24 March 2002.  Papers and
participation are open to all interested scholars.  Topics of papers
should include some aspect of an Afroasiatic language.

This is also the venue for the American Oriental Society 22-25 March
Please email Robin Thelwall  <eubule at telusplanet.net> for further
details

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End of Arabic-L:  23 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Sat Nov 24 00:11:21 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Fri, 23 Nov 2001 17:11:21 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:Getting a digest version of Arabic-L
Message-ID: <FRI.23.NOV.2001.171121.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Fri 23 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Getting a digest version of Arabic-L

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  23 Nov 2001
From: moderator
Subject: Getting a digest version of Arabic-L

For those who would like to get a daily 'digest' version of Arabic-L,
with all the messages squeezed into a single daily message (if there
are messages that day, of course), try sending a message to:

listserv at listserv.byu.edu

with the message:

set arabic-l mail digest

The message needs to be sent from the same e-mail address to which
you are subscribed.

Dil
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  23 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov 28 21:41:59 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 28 Nov 2001 14:41:59 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING&PEDA:Various Queries
Message-ID: <WED.28.NOV.2001.144159.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 28 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Tutor in Dallas/Fort Worth area
2) Subject: Electronic Arabic name corpus query
3) Subject: Mac-based software query
3) Subject: 'ayy grammar query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  28 Nov 2001
From: Dil Parkinson <dil at byu.edu>
Subject: Tutor in Dallas/Fort Worth area

A student who has studied Arabic for 3 semesters is looking for a
tutor (or program) in the Dallas/Fort Worth area to continue his
studies starting in January.  Please contact me directly at
dil at byu.edu and I will pass on your information to him.
Thanks,
Dil

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date:  28 Nov 2001
From: Dil Parkinson <dil at byu.edu>
Subject: Electronic Arabic name corpus query

A company called and asked about the availability of an electronic
database/corpus of Arabic names.  They are interested both in any
available free corpora of names, and also in any commercially
available lists (i.e. they are willing to pay).  I thought the answer
to this query might interest some on the list, so I'll ask you simply
to respond to the list.
Thanks,
Dil

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
3)
Date:  28 Nov 2001
From: "David B. Wohl" <dbwohl at home.com>
Subject: Mac-based software query

[please respond directly to the requester]

It was suggested that I contact you regarding
obtaining Mac-based software for learning to read Arabic.   I would be
grateful for any info you may have in this regard, whether it is your
software or someone else's that you suggest.
Thank you very much for your feedback.
Sincerely,

David Wohl

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
4)
Date:  28 Nov 2001
From: Paul Roochnik <paul at TranslationGuy.com>
Subject: 'ayy grammar query

Regarding the Arabic interjection AYY, meaning "that is to say" or
"i.e.":  I seem to remember that any noun which directly follows AYY
must take the accusative (mansoub) ending.  Am I imagining this or is
this true?  Thanks and cheers from Abu Sammy.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  28 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov 28 21:42:48 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 28 Nov 2001 14:42:48 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:UofOklahoma Job
Message-ID: <WED.28.NOV.2001.144248.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 28 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
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           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: UofOklahoma Job

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  28 Nov 2001
From: Joshua Landis <landis at ou.edu>
Subject: UofOklahoma Job

Phillips Petroleum Professorship in Arabic Language and Literature

The University of Oklahoma seeks to fill the Phillips Petroleum Professorship
in Arabic Language and Literature, at the entry-level, tenure track.  The
candidate will teach five courses per year, including introductory and
intermediate Arabic.  This position will hold a joint appointment in the
School of International and Area Studies and the Department of Modern
Languages, Literature and Linguistics.  The appointment begins 16 August
2002.  Salary will be competitive.  Applicants should have, or be close to
completion of a Ph.D..  Send a letter of interest, c.v., graduate transcripts,
a writing sample and three letters of recommendation to:  Search Committee,
Phillips Professorship of Arabic Language and Literature, School of
International and Area Studies, University of Oklahoma, 729 Elm, room 207,
Norman Oklahoma, 73019.  Screening begins 1 February 2002 and continues until
the position is filled.  The University of Oklahoma is an equal opportunity
employer.  For more information, please visit our websites at: www.ou.edu/sias
or www.ou.edu/cas/modlang.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  28 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov 28 21:43:42 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 28 Nov 2001 14:43:42 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:UCSanta Barbara Job
Message-ID: <WED.28.NOV.2001.144342.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 28 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
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           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: UCSanta Barbara Job

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  28 Nov 2001
From: Carol Genetti <linchair at linguistics.ucsb.edu>
Subject: UCSanta Barbara Job

** POSITION AVAILABLE **
Please note that we are actively accepting applications for the
following position, which will remain open until filled. Interviews
will be conducted at the meetings of the American Anthropological
Association on 11/29-12/1/2001, the Linguistic Society of America on
1/3-1/5/2002, and the International Conference on Austronesian
Linguistics  on 1/8-1/11/2002.

University of California, Santa Barbara. The UCSB Linguistics
Department seeks to hire a specialist in social and/or cultural
approaches to language. The appointment will be tenure-track at the
Assistant Professor level, effective July 1, 2002. Candidates should
have an active research program in their area of specialization.
Experience in social/cultural research incorporating linguistic
analysis of naturally occurring language use is essential. We are
especially interested in candidates whose research shows theoretical
implications for one or more related disciplines such as
anthropology, sociology, or cognitive science, as well as
linguistics, and who can interact with colleagues and students in
interdisciplinary programs at UCSB such as Language, Interaction, and
Social Organization (LISO) and Cognitive Science. Candidates should
have demonstrated excellence in teaching, and will be expected to
teach a range of courses at graduate and undergraduate levels,
including courses in linguistic anthropology and sociolinguistics.
Ph.D. normally required by the time of appointment. Applicants should
submit curriculum vitae, statement of research interests, 1-2 samples
of published work, and full contact information for three academic
references to the Search Committee, Linguistics Department, UCSB,
Santa Barbara, CA 93106. Inquiries may be addressed to the above
address or via email to lingsearch at linguistics.ucsb.edu. Tentative
deadline November 15, 2001; the position will remain open until
filled. Preliminary interviews will be conducted at the annual
meetings of the American Anthropological Association, the
International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics, and the
Linguistic Society of America, although attendance is not required
for consideration. Our department has a genuine commitment to
diversity; members of underrepresented groups are especially
encouraged to apply. UCSB is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action
employer.

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From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov 28 21:44:26 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 28 Nov 2001 14:44:26 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:Oberlin Job
Message-ID: <WED.28.NOV.2001.144426.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 28 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
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           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Oberlin Job

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  28 Nov 2001
From: Frances Hasso <Frances.Hasso at oberlin.edu>
Subject: Oberlin Job

FACULTY VACANCY

MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA, 19th AND 20th CENTURIES

DISCIPLINARY FIELD OPEN

Oberlin College invites applications for a full-time, tenure-track faculty
position in the College of Arts and Sciences in the Middle East/North
Africa (MENA) region, from the mid-19th century to the present.  The
initial appointment to this position will be for a term of four years,
beginning Fall Semester 2002, and will carry the rank of Assistant
Professor or higher.

The incumbent must be able to provide a broad coverage of the historical,
cultural, political and social trends in the MENA region.  Excellent
language proficiency in a regional language; training in the region s
broader history; extensive experience conducting research in the region;
and command of current methods and interdisciplinary approaches in the
relevant fields of MENA, are expected.  The incumbent will be located in an
appropriate disciplinary department or program and will teach five courses
annually, including introductory, intermediate, and advanced undergraduate
courses.  He or she will also be expected to participate in the full range
of faculty responsibilities, including academic advising, service on
committees, and sustained scholarly research and/or other creative work
appropriate to the position.

Among the qualifications desired for the appointment is the Ph.D. degree
(in hand or expected by Fall Semester 2002).  Candidates must demonstrate
interest and potential excellence in undergraduate teaching.  Successful
teaching experience at the college level is desirable.

To be assured of consideration, a letter of application, including a
curriculum vitae, graduate academic transcripts, available course syllabi,
and at least three letters of reference, should be submitted by January 15,
2002, to Associate Dean Grover Zinn, Chair, MENA Search Committee, 101 Cox
Administration Building, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH  44074-1090
(grover.zinn at oberlin.edu or fax:  440-775-6662).  Application materials
received after that date may be considered until the position is filled.
Salary will depend on qualifications and experience.

Oberlin College is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer with a
strong institutional commitment to the development of a climate that
supports equality of opportunity and respect of differences based on
gender, ethnicity, disability, and sexual orientation. Oberlin was the
first coeducational institution to grant bachelor's degrees to women and
historically has been a leader in the education of African-Americans; the
college was also among the first to prohibit discrimination based on sexual
orientation. In that spirit, we are particularly interested in receiving
applications from individuals who would contribute to the diversity of our
faculty.


--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  28 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov 28 21:46:00 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 28 Nov 2001 14:46:00 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LIT:Arabic Translation Award Announcement
Message-ID: <WED.28.NOV.2001.144600.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 28 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Arabic Translation Award Announcement

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  28 Nov 2001
From: Suzanne Smith <sesmith at uark.edu>
Subject: Arabic Translation Award Announcement

The King Fahd Center for Middle East and Islamic Studies
and
The University of Arkansas Press announce the first annual

Arkansas Arabic Translation Award

The award carries a $5000 prize for the translator or translators and a
$5000 prize for the original author, if living.  The University of
Arkansas Press will publish the award-winning translation.  Runners-up
may also be considered for publication.  Submissions must not be under
contract with another press.

The competition for 2001-2002 will focus on the modern era (19th century
to the present).  Suitable entries may include works of fiction (either
prose or poetry) or non-fiction works in the literary tradition (such as
memoirs, theoretical writings, essays, or travel literature).  The focus
of the competition will alternate each year between modern and
pre-modern works.  The first competition for translations of pre-modern
Arabic literature will be held in 2002-2003.  All submissions will be
judged blindly by a three-person jury of distinguished
scholar-translators chosen from outside the University of Arkansas
system.  Different juries will judge translations of modern and
pre-modern texts.  Current students, faculty, or staff of the University
of Arkansas, their spouses, or immediate family members are not eligible
to submit translations. Original authors may not submit their own
translations.

Entries for the 2001-2002 award must be received by April 1, 2002. The
winner will be announced in November 2002, in conjunction will the
annual Middle East Studies Association meeting.  Entrants should submit
four copies of the translation with all contact information on a cover
letter.

Please direct all submissions to:

Arkansas Arabic Translation Award
King Fahd Center for Middle East and Islamic Studies
University of Arkansas
202 Old Main
Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701

Phone: (501) 575-4157
E-mail: sesmith at uark.edu

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  28 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov 28 21:46:53 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 28 Nov 2001 14:46:53 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:TRANS:placebo response
Message-ID: <WED.28.NOV.2001.144653.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 28 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: placebo response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  28 Nov 2001
From: Farouk Mustafa <fawm at midway.uchicago.edu>
Subject: placebo response

Instead of "wahmi" which has negative connotations, perhaps one can
think of "ihaa'i" in the sense of "suggestive" which can work for
placebo: dawa' ihaa'i and placebo effect: ta'thiir ihaa'i.  Hope that
helps.
Farouk

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  28 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov 28 21:47:46 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 28 Nov 2001 14:47:46 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:printing Arabic
Message-ID: <WED.28.NOV.2001.144746.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 28 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: printing Arabic

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  28 Nov 2001
From: balderos at helios.unive.it
Subject: printing Arabic

About this topic, al-jadiir bi-l-dhikr the first printed edition of the
Qor'an in Venice (Italy), 1537-8. A copy of this Qor'an is in the library
of Franciscan Friars in Venice.
See: Maurice Borrmans, Observations =E0 propos de la premi=E8re =E9dition
imprim=E9e du Coran =E0 Venise, "Quaderni di studi arabi", 8 (1990), pp. 3-1=
2,
and M. Borrmans, Pr=E9sentation de la premi=E8re =E9dition imprim=E9e du=
  Coran =E0
Venise, "Quaderni di studi arabi", 9 (1991), pp. 93-126.
Salaamaat. Eros

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  28 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov 28 21:51:29 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 28 Nov 2001 14:51:29 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:Basic Noun Phrase responses
Message-ID: <WED.28.NOV.2001.145129.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 28 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Basic Noun Phrase response
2) Subject: Basic Noun Phrase response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  28 Nov 2001
From: "Schub, Michael" <michael.schub at trincoll.edu>
Subject: Basic Noun Phrase response

Dear M,
      I would guess:  /ta9biirah  ismiyyah  'asaasiyyah/.
See *Dictionary of Modern Linguistic Terms*
by Bakallah, et al. Beirut  1983.

      Best wishes,
                                   Mike Schub

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date:  28 Nov 2001
From: Mutarjm at aol.com
Subject: Basic Noun Phrase response

Greetings / tahaiya tayyiba wa b3ad...
Hiyaakum Allah jamii3aan...
Base (basic) noun phrase:
t3biirat ismiiya asaasiiya  (Arabic term is below, if your PC supprot that
font)

                     ÊÚÈíÑÉ ÇÓãíÉ ÇÓÇÓíÉ

Source: "A Dictionary of Modern Linguistic Terms," compiled by a Committee of
Arab Linguists (Bakalla. Al-Kasimi, Al-Rayyih, Saad, Sieny) and later revised
by Bakalla, Bishr, Al-Sahalakani, Sieny and Al-Toma)
Alternative (shown in another reference) for t3biira is 3baart =  ÚÈÇÑÉ
Beirut: Librairie du Liban, 1983
HTH. Glad to assist with other such terms, any time...ahalan wa sahalan...
Khair, in sha' Allah.
Regards from Los Angeles,
Stephen H. Franke
e-mail: < mutarjm at aol.com >

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  28 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Thu Nov  1 20:06:33 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Thu, 1 Nov 2001 13:06:33 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:TRANS:allaah
Message-ID: <THU.1.NOV.2001.130633.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Thu 01 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: allaah

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  01 Nov 2001
From: Haroon Shirwani <haroon.shirwani at st-johns.oxford.ac.uk>
Subject: allaah

Hi,

So far, I haven't noticed anybody mention the two main reasons why so
many Muslims are more comfortable using the word 'Allah' rather than
its English equivalent. Firstly, there is the need we feel to stay
close to the original texts. 'Allah' is the most important of several
Arabic terms retained by Muslims in other languages. Many have
perfectly fine English equivalents: 'iman' has 'faith', 'zahid' has
'ascetic', 'murshid' has 'guide','iftar'/'futoor' have 'breakfast',
and so on. Many Muslims simply feel more at ease using terms
particular to their faith. The second reason is the word's
sonorousness - if pronounced properly, its flowing near-symmetry just
seems to sound better, and perhaps even more fitting for The Divine.

Most of the people I've heard giving a meaning-related reason for not
using 'God' simply have a poor grasp of English.

Yours,

Haroon Shirwani
(St John's College, Oxford)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  01 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Thu Nov  1 20:08:39 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Thu, 1 Nov 2001 13:08:39 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:paper written in Arabic responses
Message-ID: <THU.1.NOV.2001.130839.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Thu 01 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: paper written in Arabic response
2) Subject: paper written in Arabic response
3) Subject: paper written in Arabic response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  01 Nov 2001
From: Aida Bamia <abamia at aall.ufl.edu>
Subject: paper written in Arabic response

Dear Mahmoud,
Check the journal al-Arabiyya for linguistics articles in Arabic.
Regards,
Aida Bamia

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date:  01 Nov 2001
From: "Schub, Michael" <michael.schub at trincoll.edu>
Subject: paper written in Arabic response

  Dear M,
      I would start with the collection:  Fischer, w.
*Studien fur arabistik und Semitik*  Cairo 1994; and
its companion volume:  *AbHaath  9arabiyyah*.
      Best wishes,
                                    Mike Schub

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
3)
Date:  01 Nov 2001
From: mtarek <mtarek at aucegypt.edu>
Subject: paper written in Arabic response

you can contact Il-Gibali in the Arabic language institute at auc.

his email is elgibaly at aucegypt.edu

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  01 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Thu Nov  1 20:11:06 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Thu, 1 Nov 2001 13:11:06 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:TRANS:Intifada
Message-ID: <THU.1.NOV.2001.131106.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Thu 01 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Intifada

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  01 Nov 2001
From: Schub, Michael" <michael.schub at trincoll.edu>
Subject: Intifada

  And grammatically (not that it's at all relevant here),  /intifaaDah/
is a "nomen vicis", "instance noun," or "/ism  marrah/ formed on
a base of the verbal noun  [/maSdar/] of a Form VIII verb.
      Best wishes,
                                    Mike Schub

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  01 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Thu Nov  1 20:10:19 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Thu, 1 Nov 2001 13:10:19 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:Comparative Dialects responses
Message-ID: <THU.1.NOV.2001.131019.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Thu 01 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Comparative Dialects response
2) Subject: Comparative Dialects response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  01 Nov 2001
From:  Srpko Lestaric <srpkole at EUnet.yu>
Subject: Comparative Dialects response

A presumed Comparative Grammar of Arabic Dialects might?easily be a
sort of The Book of Sand (by?Borges), yet there are certain good
attempts to approche such a gole. One example would be:

Brustad, Kristen: The Comparative Syntax of Four Arabic Dialects: An
Investigation of Selected Topics. Doctoral dissertation. Harvard
University, 1991. (I heard that a year ago the author published?a
newer and still better one.)

Srpko Lestaric

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date:  01 Nov 2001
From: "Schub, Michael" <michael.schub at trincoll.edu>
Subject: Comparative Dialects response

Dear M,
      Start with Fischer, W. and Jastrow.  *Handbuch der arabischen
Dialecte*  Wiesbaden  1980.  ISBN 3-447-02039-3.  The multi-
language bibliography alone would take 3 lifetimes to read.
      Best wishes,
                                       Mike Schub

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  01 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Thu Nov  1 20:12:03 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Thu, 1 Nov 2001 13:12:03 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:TRANS:mediation Thanks
Message-ID: <THU.1.NOV.2001.131203.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Thu 01 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: mediation Thanks

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  01 Nov 2001
From: jgreenman at t-online.de (Joe Greenman)
Subject: mediation Thanks

My thanks to Waheed and Iman for their replies to my inquiry.

The question came up because my wife is starting some cross-cultural community
mediation activities (dealing - among other things - with cases of ethnic
discrimination) here in Berlin and anticipates requests for services from the
city's sizable Arab community.

Mediation isn't very well known in Germany in general, and none of our Arab
friends has expressed familiarity with the concept other than in the political-
or labor-dispute context.

I think we're gonna go with waSaaTah, since to my non-native ears, $afaa9ah
seems to have a connotation of "advocacy / intercession" that should probably
not be associated with mediation, ... or am I hearing things wrong?

Best regards,
Joe

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  01 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Thu Nov  1 20:18:29 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Thu, 1 Nov 2001 13:18:29 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:Southern Egyptian and Sudanese Dialects query
Message-ID: <THU.1.NOV.2001.131829.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Thu 01 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Southern Egyptian and Sudanese Dialects query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  01 Nov 2001
From: acaridad at wanadoo.es
Subject: Southern Egyptian and Sudanese Dialects query

Dear gentlemen:

I write you because I`m very interested in history of arabic dialects, =
specially in those of Southern Egypt (saidi) and Sudan. Could you answer =
my questions about this subject?

- When were made the first dictionaries and grammars of each one of =
these dialects? who wrote them?
- Have these dialects been used at any time during their history, as =
literary languages? there are any book or newspaper written in these =
dialects?
- Does it exist any institution created to promote the use of these =
dialects? when was it founded?
- Which influences have received these dialects throughout its history? =
from which languages or dialects? at which centuries?

Please, ask as many questions as you can. It`s so difficult to get =
information about this subject.

If you could give the name or e-mail address of any expert in sudanese =
or saidi arabic, I would be also very happy.

I wait for your answer
Best regards
Antonio Caridad

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  01 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Thu Nov  1 20:20:13 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Thu, 1 Nov 2001 13:20:13 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:Palestinian Women's Art Catalog
Message-ID: <THU.1.NOV.2001.132013.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

>Announcing Latest Title by Andalus Publishing:
>
>Self Portrait: Palestinian Women's Art
>
>Jumana Emil `Abboud, Iman Abu Hamid, Hanan Abu Hussein,
>Suheir `Isma`il Farraj, Manal Murqus, A`ida Nasrallah,
>Faten Fawzy Nastas, Ahlam Shibli, Manar Zu`abi
>
>Curator: Tal Ben Zvi
>Essays: Kamal Boullata and Tina Malhi Sherwell
>
>Editors: Tal Ben Zvi and Yael Lerer
>Design: Sharif Waked
>
>English, Arabic, and Hebrew. Color. 188 pages. 149 NIS / $50
>(Includes overseas shipping).
>
>"Self Portrait" is the catalog of an exhibit that was scheduled to
>open at Al-Wasati Arts Center, East Jerusalem, in October 2000, and
>in Tel Aviv, and  Bethlehem soon after. These exhibits had to be
>postponed indefinitely due to the Al-Aqsa Intifada. Thus, to date,
>the only existence the exhibit "Self Portrait" has, is in catalog
>form.
>
>"Self Portrait" deals with the modes of representation of women
>artists in a multi-faceted and changing Palestinian reality. It is
>an attempt to examine - in relation to the concept "self portrait" -
>the intimate spheres of women artists' lives, the ways they define
>their identities, and the cultural and artistic arenas in which they
>operate.
>
>The exhibit, including Tal Ben-Zvi's referential overview, presents
>the work of nine Palestinian women artists from both sides of the
>green line and, through the essays of Kamal Boullata and Tina Malhi
>Sherwell, the work of Palestinian artists in the diaspora. Veteran
>Palestinian artist and art scholar Kamal Boullata's detailed sketch
>of three Palestinian women artists' groundbreaking work over the
>last century (Zulfa al-Sa`di, Juliana Seraphim, and Mona Hatoum),
>coupled with art scholar Tina Malhi Sherwell's examination of the
>representation of women in Palestinian art, locate the work featured
>in this exhibit in the context of Palestinian art in general.
>
>"Self Portrait" can be found in bookstores.
>
>For more information: <mailto:andalus at andalus.co.il>andalus at andalus.co.il
>To order by phone: 972 (0)3 511-7065 (pay by credit card)
>To order by mail: Andalus Publishing, POB 53036, Tel Aviv 61530 (pay
>by cheque).

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  01 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Fri Nov  2 15:17:59 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Fri, 2 Nov 2001 08:17:59 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:TRANS:allaah
Message-ID: <FRI.2.NOV.2001.081759.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Fri 02 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: allaah

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  02 Nov 2001
From: John Makhoul <makhoul at bbn.com>
Subject: allaah

My arguments concerning the Allah issue are purely linguistic.

1. The most important statement of Muslim belief is usually translated
    into English as: "There is no god but Allah and Mohammed is his
    Prophet."  If we translated Allah as God, then the same statement
    would appear as "There is no god but God and Mohammed is his
    Prophet."  But try to speak it this way and it does not sound right
    because the lowercase 'god' is pronounced exactly the same as the
    uppercase 'God' and the meaning -- the uniqueness of God -- is
    totally lost.

    Now, one could fix this problem by translating Allah as 'The God',
    with the word 'The' pronounced as 'thee', indicating uniqueness.
    So, the statement becomes "There is no god but The God ...", which
    sounds a little awkward to me.  My guess is that if one were to do
    that throughout the Koran, it would really result in an awkward
    translation into English.

    So, I see the translation that is usually adopted as a simple
    linguistic solution to the translation problem and the awkwardness
    of possible alternative translations.

2. It is important to note that Arabic must have had its own problems
    in putting a word for the unique God.  The word Allah is very
    different from the word al-ilaah; the latter would be translated
    simply as 'the god' in lowercase, like 'the god Zeus' for example.
    Since Arabic does not have the mechanism of capitalization, nor the
    mechanism of saying 'thee' for emphasis and uniqueness, it had to
    invent some way of differentiating this particular God.  The
    solution that was adopted was to use (or maybe even invent) a new
    sound that is unique to this word, namely, the lam mufaxxama, or
    emphatic lam.  I think that Allah is the only word in Arabic that
    uses an emphatic lam.  Thus, Allah becomes very different from
    al-ilaah.  (It could be that the word Allah already existed and
    then was taken to be used for this unique context.  My argument is
    simply that, linguistically, a solution had to be found to give a
    unique name to the one God.)

John Makhoul

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  02 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Fri Nov  2 15:22:27 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Fri, 2 Nov 2001 08:22:27 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LINGE:Southern Egyptian and Sudanese Dialects Responses
Message-ID: <FRI.2.NOV.2001.082227.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Fri 02 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Southern Egyptian and Sudanese Dialects Response
2) Subject: Southern Egyptian and Sudanese Dialects Response
3) Subject: Southern Egyptian and Sudanese Dialects Response
4) Subject: Southern Egyptian and Sudanese Dialects Response
5) Subject: Southern Egyptian and Sudanese Dialects Response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  02 Nov 2001
From: DLNewman <d.newman at planetinternet.be>
Subject: Southern Egyptian and Sudanese Dialects Response

Hello,

For more information on Sa'idi dialects, I suggest you consult the following
works:

- BEHNSTEDT, Peter & Manfred WOIDICH (1985-87): Die ?gyptisch-arabischen
Dialekte, 3 vols (+ Dialektatlas), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert. This
vital reference work on Egyptian dialects also contains a separate volume on
Upper Egyptian.
- DAWOOD, T. H. O. M. (1949): The phonetics of the Il-Karnak dialect (Upper
Egypt), Unpubl. M. A. thesis, University of London (SOAS).
- DOSS, M. (1981): Le dialecte Sa'idi de la R?gion de Menya, Unpubl. PhD
(th?se 3?me cycle), Universit? de Paris III.
- KHALAFALLAH, Abdelghany A. (1969): A descriptive grammar of SaE i:di
Egyptian Colloquial Arabic, (Janua Linguarum, Series Practica, XXXIX), The
Hague/Paris (Mouton).
- KHALAFALLAH, A. A. (1959): Some phonological problems involved in the
learning of English by native speakers of Sa'i:di Colloquial Egyptian
Arabic, Unpubl. M.A. thesis, University of Texas.
- MASLUH, S. A. A. (1968); Dirasa li-lahjaat al-Minyaa fi daw'
al-jughrafiyaa al-lughawiyya, Unpubl. M. A. thesis, Dar al-Ulum, University
of Cairo.
- NISHIO, Tetsuo (1994): The Arabic dialect of Qift (Upper Egypt). Grammar
and Classified vocabulary, Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and
Cultures of Asia and Africa.
WAHAB, G. A. (1983): Etudes contrastives du Fran?ais standard du vocalisme
et du dialecte de Minia (Haute-Egypte), Unpubl. PhD (th?se 3?me cycle),
Universit? de Paris III.
WOIDICH, Manfred (1973-4): "Die 3. Person feminin Singular Perfekt in dem
ober?gyptischen Dialekt von Il-Bi'rat", M?langes de l'Universit? de
Saint-Joseph, pp. 357-72.
WOIDICH, Manfred (1974): Ein arabischer Bauerndialekt aus dem s?dlichen
Ober?gypten", ZDMG, 124, 1, pp. 42-58.

Other useful information can also be gleaned from the following:
- AMMAR, H. (1954): Growing up in an Egyptian village (Silwa, Province of
Aswan), London.
- BLACKMAN, W. (1927): The Fellahin of Upper Egypt, London.
- DULAC, H. (1885): 'Contes arabes en dialecte de la Haute-Egypte", Journal
Asiatique, VIII? s?rie, 5, pp. 5-38.
- LEGRAIN, G. (1912): "Chansons dans les ruines", La Revue Egyptienne, 1,
10-11, 5 October, pp. 307-10.
- LEGRAIN, G. (1912): "L?gendes, cout?mes et chansons populaires du Sa?d",
La Revue Egyptienne, 1, pp. 171-81, 205-11, 243-45, 269-76, 300-7, 345-58.
- MASPERO, G. (1914): "Chansons populaires recueillis dans la Haute-Egypte
de 1900 ? 1914 pendant les inspections du service des antiquit?s", Annales
du Service des Antiquit?s de l'Egypte, 14, pp. 97-290.
- SPITTA BEY,G. (1883): Contes arabes modernes, Leiden/Paris.

These are, to the best of my knowledge, the only works that deal
specifically with Upper Egyptian (Sa'idi) dialects. As for your other
questions:
1. I have not found any records of the literary use of these dialects.
2. Though the dialects do occur in dialogues in modern Egyptian literature
(as well as films, where there is often a 'token' Sa'idi; e.g. the
blockbuster 'Irhab wa kebab'), there are no newspapers published in any of
them. Songs are a far more prolific source, however, and there is a lot of
Sa'idi music (including folk songs) available on audiotapes in Egypt (though
I would imagine mainly in the south!).
3. There is unfortunately no institute for the promotion of Sa'idi.

Hope this is of some use to you.

Kind regards,

Daniel Newman


P.S.: I myself have for a number of years conducted research into the
phonetics and phonology of Southern Sa'idi dialects (in the Luxor area),
some of which I hope to publish in the not too distant future (insha'Allah).
Let me know if you are interested.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date:  02 Nov 2001
From: Albrecht Hofheinz <Albrecht_Hofheinz at web.de>
Subject: Southern Egyptian and Sudanese Dialects Response

If you have any additions, please reply not only to the list, but
also to directly to Antonio Caridad [mailto:acaridad at wanadoo.es].

On 01.11.2001 at 13:18 Uhr -0700, Antonio Caridad wrote:

>Date:  01 Nov 2001
>From: acaridad at wanadoo.es
>Subject: Southern Egyptian and Sudanese Dialects query

>I write you because I`m very interested in history of arabic
>dialects, specially in those of Southern Egypt (saidi) and Sudan.
>Could you answer my questions about this subject?

I will only deal with Sudanese Arabic, and not aim for any
completeness, i.a. since I do not have easy access to my library at
present.

>- When were made the first dictionaries and grammars of each one of
>these dialects? who wrote them?

1923: (al-shaykh) 3abd allaah 3abd al-raHmaan al-amiin: al-3arabiyya
fii al-suudaan. Khartoum. Re-ed. Beirut: daar al-kitaab al-lubnaanii,
1967.

1925: Hillelson, Samuel: Sudan-Arabic. English-Arabic vocabulary.
London: Sudan Government.	xxvi, 341	pp. 2nd edn. London
1930. (Based on the English-Arabic Vocabulary by Harold Fran?ois
Saphir Amery).

1925: Worsley, Allan: Sudanese Grammar. London: Society for Promoting
Christian Knowlege. vi, 80 pp. (dialect of Omdurman).

1946: Trimingham, John Spencer: Sudan colloquial Arabic. London:
Oxford University Press, G. Cumberlege, 1946. viii, 176 p. "The first
edition [published by the Church missionary society in 1939] was
based largely upon W.H.T. Gairdner's Egyptian Colloquial Arabic. The
present edition has been completely rewritten and some four-fifths of
the material is entirely new" (pref. to 2d edn.).

1965: Awn al-Sharif Gasim: "Some aspects of Sudanese colloquial
Arabic". Sudan Notes and Records, 46, pp. 40-49.

1966: 3abd al-majiid 3aabidiin: min uSuul al-lahajaat al-3arabiyya
fii al-suudaan: diraasa muqaarana fii al-lahajaat al-3arabiyya
wa-atharihaa fii al-suudaan. Cairo: maktabat ghariib, 1966. 138 pp.

1969-72: Roth, Arlette: Lexique des parlers arabes tchado-soudanais.
An Arabic-English-French lexicon of the dialects spoken in the
Chad-Sudan area. Paris, Editions du Centre national de la recherche
scientifique. 4 vols.

1972: 3awn al-shariif qaasim: qaamuus al-lahja al-3aammiyya fii
al-suudaan. Khartoum: shu3bat abHaath al-suudaan bi-jaami3at
al-khurTuum, with al-majlis al-qawmii li-ri3aayat al-aadaab
wal-funuun. 2nd impr. Cairo: al-maktab al-miSrii al-Hadiith, 1985.
(the definitive dictionary)

1973: Crewe, William James: The place of Sudanese Arabic: a study in
comparative Arabic dialectology. Khartum: Institute of African and
Asian Studies, University of Khartoum. 18 ff. (African and Asian
studies seminar series; 20).

1976: Kaye, Alan S.: Chadian and Sudanese Arabic in the light of
comparative Arabic dialectology. The Hague: Mouton, 1976.  xv, 212
pp. (Janua linguarum: Series practica; 236).

1980: Persson, Andrew & Janet Persson with Ahmad Hussein: Sudanese
colloquial Arabic for beginners. High Wycombe, England: Summer
Institute of Linguistics. viii, 272 pp.

1983: Ushari Ahmad Mahmud: Arabic in the southern Sudan: history and
spread of a pidgin-creole. Khartoum: FAL Advertising and Print. Co.
xiii, 168 pp.

1983: Prokosch, Erich: Osmanisches Wortgut im Sudan-Arabischen.
Berlin: Klaus Schwarz. 75 pp. (Islamkundliche Untersuchungen; 89)

1983: Reichmuth, Stefan: Der arabische Dialekt der Sukriyya im
Ostsudan. Hildesheim & New York: G. Olms. ix, 309 pp. (Studien zur
Sprachwissenschaft; 2). Originally presented as the author's doctoral
thesis, Freie Universit?t Berlin.

>- Have these dialects been used at any time during their history, as
>literary languages? there are any book or newspaper written in these
>dialects?

The influence of Sudanese colloquial Arabic is noticeable already in
the first surviving written records we have from the Sudan and which
go back to the 18th c.

The earliest published printed source where Sudanese colloquial
Arabic is used occasionally is

ca. 1804: muHammad al-nuur wad Dayf allaah: kitaab al-Tabaqaat fii
khuSuuS al-awliyaa' wal-3ulamaa' wal-shu3araa' fii al-suudaan. Best
edn. ed. yuusuf faDl Hasan, Khartoum: Khartoum University Press, 1971
(2nd edn. ib, 1974; 3rd edn. ib., 1985).

There is a very rich literary tradition of Sudanese Arabic colloquial
poetry that we can trace back to the 18th and 19th centuries (no
earlier sources have survived). The 20th c. has seen the literary use
of SCA in song, theatre plays, novels, collections of folklore, etc.
All this is much too rich to be listed here. As an entry point, you
may consult

Arabic Literature of Africa, Vol. I: The Writings of Eastern Sudanic
Africa to c. 1900. Compiled by R.S. O?Fahey with the assistance of
Muhammad Ibrahim Abu Salim, Albrecht Hofheinz, Yahya Muhammad
Ibrahim, Bernd Radtke and Knut S. Vik?r. Leiden: Brill, 1994
(Handbuch der Orientalistik, Erste Abteilung: Der Nahe und Mittlere
Osten, Bd. 13) (see
http://www.brill.nl/catalogue/productinfo.asp?product=446). ? An
Arabic translation of this, publ. London: Al Furqan, is in press.

A more recent phenomenon is the use of Sudanese colloquial Arabic on
the Internet: In the discussion forum Sudan.Net Notice and Discussion
Board
(http://www.sudanforum.net/cgi-bin/discussion/view.pl?board=sgdb) it
is used as least as often as, if not more frequently than, MSA.

>- Does it exist any institution created to promote the use of these
>dialects? when was it founded?

I am not aware of any institution specifically devoted to that task,
but literary societies, academic centres, radio and television etc.
do of course cover similar ground.

>- Which influences have received these dialects throughout its
>history? from which languages or dialects? at which centuries?


Sudanese Arabic is commonly grouped together with Egyptian Arabic
into one family. There are certainly connections to the Arabian
peninsula as well. There are influences from indigenous languages
such as Nubian, and later from Ottoman Turkish, colonial British
English, Egyptian Arabic, international English, etc. Very
interesting are also processes of the pidginization and even
creolization of Arabic in the Southern Sudan and northern Uganda. A
vast field!

>Please, ask as many questions as you can. It`s so difficult to get
>information about this subject.
>
>If you could give the name or e-mail address of any expert in
>sudanese or saidi arabic, I would be also very happy.

Search the web for
Institute of African and Asian Studies, University of Khartoum
Awn al-Sharif Qasim
Ushari Ahmad Mahmud
al-Tayyib Muhammad al-Tayyib
Stefan Reichmuth
Catherine Miller
...

>I wait for your answer
>Best regards
>Antonio Caridad [mailto:acaridad at wanadoo.es]


Best wishes,

Albrecht Hofheinz

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
3)
Date:  02 Nov 2001
From: "Schub, Michael" <michael.schub at trincoll.edu>
Subject: Southern Egyptian and Sudanese Dialects Response

  See  Khalafallah,  Abdelghany A.  *A Grammar of Saeedi Egyptian
Colloquial Arabic*  Mouton, 1969  The Hague, Paris.
Lib. Congress #68-17886.
Best wishes,
                                           Mike Schub

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
4)
Date:  02 Nov 2001
From: Mutarjm at aol.com
Subject: Southern Egyptian and Sudanese Dialects Response

Two sources you might contact:

1. Dr. Alan S. Kaye the Dept of English & Linguistsics at California
State University, Fullerton (go to < www.fullerton.edu > and navigate
therein).

He has done field research and written about Sudanese-Chadian
dialects of Arabic (I don't know about Sa9idii Egyptian).?

2.  The Institute of African and Asian Languages (might be Asian &
African) at University of Khartoum published some descriptive
monographs about Sudanese Arabic in the 1980s.

I have some materials (basic textbook, no historical or detailed
academic treatment; Arabic-text entries are handwritten and
colloquial) published in 1979 by the Summer Institute of Linguistics
when it had a field office in Khartoum.

Two publsihed referenecs:

1.  Back issue of Sudan Notes and Records (SNR)

2.  Academy of Sciences: In the mid-1970s, the Oriental Institute
(Moscow/Tashkent joint opus) of the Academy of Sciences of the former
Soviet Union published a detailed (!!) descriptive work, in Russian
and with Arabic text entries, on the Sa3idi/Upper Nile dialect.

HTH. Good luck.

Regards from Los Angeles,

Stephen H. Franke

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
5)
Date:  02 Nov 2001
From: Rahel Halabe <rahel at telus.net>
Subject: Southern Egyptian and Sudanese Dialects Response

Antonio,

Answering the second question: The Sudanese author AlTayyeb Salih certainly
uses Sudanese Arabic dialect in dialog in his novels.

Rahel

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  02 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov  7 22:55:05 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 7 Nov 2001 15:55:05 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:TRANS:allaah
Message-ID: <WED.7.NOV.2001.155505.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 07 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: allaah
2) Subject: allaah
3) Subject: allaah

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  07 Nov 2001
From: "Schub, Michael" <michael.schub at trincoll.edu>
Subject: allaah

Both Faxr  al-Diin  al-Raazii (*MafaatiiH  al=Ghayb*, i, 84)
and Abuu  Hayyaan  al-GharnaTii  (*al-BaHr  al-muHiiT*, i, 15) noted
that the early Muslim authorities (correctly) identified the term
/Allaah/ to be borrowed from Syriac (Western Jewish/Christian
Aramaic).  See:  Jeffrey, Arthur.  *The Foreign Vocabulary of the Koran*
Baroda  1938.

      Best wishes,
                                       Mike Schub

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date:  07 Nov 2001
From: "M. Eekman" <m.eekman at efa.nl>
Subject: allaah

I have a?question that may shed some light on the matter of
translating the word allaah: How do Arab muslims translate the word
God? For instance when someone wants to write in Arabic: "Christians
believe in God..." or when George W. Bush is quoted saying: "In God
we trust", how is this translated into Arabic? If, as I suspect, the
word allaah is used, this would mean that God and allaah refer to the
same deity without distinction. So we can?say God if we use English,
and allaah if we use Arabic. This conclusion is also confirmed by the
fact that Arab Christians and Jews use allaah. In other words:
There's no need to use allaah in English, or any non-Arabic language.
Menno Eekman

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
3)
Date:  07 Nov 2001
From: GnhBos at aol.com
Subject: allaah

"God" has always been "Allah" in Arabic for Muslims and Christians.
In recent years, I noticed, some Islamic fundamentalists wanted to
draw distinction between the Christians' and Muslims' God. Ironically,
that agreed with Arab haters who propagated that our (Arabs) God
(Allah) is a different God than the Jewish and Christian God. Little did
they account for us Arab Christians, the language we spoke, and The(e)
God we worshipped!

La iLaha eLLa ALLah... I was thinking, before Jesus and Mohammed
(The Prophets), people worshipped more than one "iLah", which has
a plural in Arabic "AaLeha", while "Allah" has no plural in Arabic, only
singular, "Allah" Wahad.

Best Regards,

George N. Hallak

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  07 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov  7 22:45:04 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 7 Nov 2001 15:45:04 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:Southern Egyptian Dialects
Message-ID: <WED.7.NOV.2001.154504.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 07 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Southern Egyptian Dialects
2) Subject: Southern Egyptian Dialects
3) Subject: Southern Egyptian Dialects

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  07 Nov 2001
From: DLNewman <d.newman at planetinternet.be>
Subject: Southern Egyptian Dialects

Hello again,

A few more secondary sources for Sa'idi Arabic that I forgot to include in
my first message:
OMAR, Margaret K. (1973): The acquisition of Egyptian Arabic as a native
language, (Janua Linguarum, Series Practica, No. 160), The Hague/Paris
(Mouton).
OWENS, Jonathan: 'The origins of East African Nubi', Anthropological
Linguistics, vol. 27, NO. 2, pp. 229-71.
ROUCHDY, Aleya: 'Languages in contact: Arabic-Nubian', Anthropological
Linguistics, vol. 22, No. 8, pp. 334-344.
TOMICHE, N. (1962): 'Les parlers arabes d'Egypte. Mat?riaux pour une ?tude
de g?ographie dialectale', in: Etudes d'Orientalisme d?di?es ? la m?moire de
L?vi-Proven?al, vol. II, Paris, pp. 767-779.
WINKLER, H. A. (1936): ?gyptische Volkskunde, Stuttgart.
WOIDICH, M. (1978): 'Bemerkungen zu den arabischen Dialekten
Mittel?gyptens', Zeitschrift der arabischen Literature (ZAL), 1, pp. 54-63.

Kind regards,

Daniel Newman

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date:  07 Nov 2001
From: Antonio Caridad Salvador <acaridad at wanadoo.es>
Subject: Southern Egyptian Dialects

Dear mr Parkinson:

I have found very interesting your message. Now, I`d like to know just one
thing more. Which influences has received saidi arabic throughout its
history? from which languages or dialects? in which centuries?

Thank you very much for your help

Best wishes

Antonio Caridad

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date:  07 Nov 2001
From: pgran <pgran at temple.edu>
Subject: Southern Egyptian Dialects

This is a Sa'idi dialect strand question. Can anyone suggest how one might go
from dialect difference in Sa'idi arabic to  an interpretation of Sa'idi
worldview or cultural logic that would somehow make thought there different
than thought in the Delta?
Thanking respondents in advance,
Peter Gran

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  07 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov  7 22:45:56 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 7 Nov 2001 15:45:56 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:Comparative Dialects
Message-ID: <WED.7.NOV.2001.154556.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 07 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Comparative Dialects

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  07 Nov 2001
From: Gail Grella <GRELLAG1 at georgetown.edu>
Subject: Comparative Dialects

The dissertation by Brustad has been extensivly revised and published as a
book:

Brustad, Kristen E., The Sytax of Spoken Arabic: A Comparative Study of
Moroccan, Egyptian, Syrian, and Kuwaiti Arabic Dialects.  Georgetown
University Press, ISBN 0-87840-789-8, paperback, $39.95.  It can be ordered on
our webiste at:

http://www.georgetown.edu/publications/gup/nrt/nrt_langling_brustad.html

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  07 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov  7 22:46:48 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 7 Nov 2001 15:46:48 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:UAE Job
Message-ID: <WED.7.NOV.2001.154648.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 07 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: UAE Job

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  07 Nov 2001
From: Arabic Program Position <ArPosition at uaeu.ac.ae>
Subject: UAE Job

TEACHING ARABIC TO ARAB STUDENTS IN THE UAE

***This annoncement is specifically for the applicants who will be
attending the MESA conference in San Francisco in mid November in
San Francisco, USA (making their travel arrangements and paying
their own way). The interviews will be conducted during MESA between
November 17-19, 2001. Applications received by 11/11/2001 BY E-MAIL
ONLY will still be considered.***

The University General Requirements Unit (UGRU) at The United Arab
Emirates University in the garden city of Al-Ain is currently accepting
applications from qualified teachers interested in teaching Modern
Standard Arabic (MSA) to Arab students starting August, 2002.

POSITION:  The University General Requirements Unit offers a 1-year
preparatory program for all students entering the United Arab Emirates
(UAE) University.  The Arabic Program offers excellent opportunities
for qualified teachers of Arabic as a First Language who wish to be
involved in an innovative teaching program with challenging
professional development opportunities.

REQUIREMENTS:
--Native or native-like command of Modern Standard Arabic
--Teaching experience at the university level for a minimum of two years
--Experience in using computers and instructional technology
--PhD or MA in hand at the time of application in fields of Arabic
(Language, Literature, Linguistics), Applied Linguistics or a closely-
related discipline.

SALARY & BENEFITS: Salary is competitive and tax-free. Fringe
benefits include: free housing with generous shipping and furniture
allowances, travel expenses (including annual return to home country),
health insurance for individual and family, dependent children school
tuition subsidy, and end-of-service gratuity. Paid holidays include
approximately sixty days during the summer and approximately 20 days
between Semesters.

TO APPLY:  Send as an "attachment file" via e-mail to
<ArPosition at uaeu.ac.ae> an application comprising a cover letter, your
current telephone/fax numbers and e-
mail address in addition to a detailed resume with reference names and
their e-mail contact information.

e-mail:  ArPosition at uaeu.ac.ae
Web site: www.ugru.uaeu.ac.ae

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  07 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov  7 22:47:28 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 7 Nov 2001 15:47:28 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:Middlebury Summer Jobs
Message-ID: <WED.7.NOV.2001.154728.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 07 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
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           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Middlebury Summer Jobs

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  07 Nov 2001
From: nafattah <nafattah at netzero.net>
Subject: Middlebury Summer Jobs

The Arabic School at Middlebury College welcomes applications for
teaching positions in the 2002 summer session.  Applicants must be
dynamic, flexible, and innovative instructors. They should have
experience in teaching Arabic as a foreign language. A minimum of a
Master's degree in a related field is required, in addition to native
or near-native proficiency in the language.  Please e-mail your CV
(as a Word document) to the school director, Nabil Abdelfattah, at
<mailto:nafattah at netzero.net>nafattah at netzero.net  Interviews will be
conducted at the MESA meetings in San Francisco.  For more
information pertaining to the Arabic School and to Middlebury College
please log on to
<http://www.middlebury.edu/~ls/arabic>www.middlebury.edu/~ls/arabic

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  07 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov  7 22:48:19 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 7 Nov 2001 15:48:19 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:Written Egyptian Arabic Query
Message-ID: <WED.7.NOV.2001.154819.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 07 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Written Egyptian Arabic Query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  07 Nov 2001
From: Humphrey Davies <hdavies at aucegypt.edu>
Subject: Written Egyptian Arabic Query

Madiha Doss and I are putting together an anthology of writing in
Egyptian (colloquial) Arabic.  The focus is on works addressed to the
reader rather than the listener; hence traditional poetry (mawwaals,
etc.) and plays are not our main interest.  We have assembled a
reasonable corpus of work, but are sure there must be interesting
items that have escaped us.  Anything that predates Ibn Suuduun, our
earliest author so far, would be especially useful.  We would be
grateful for colleagues' suggestions, and any that are used will be
acknowledged.

Humphrey Davies
c/o School of Humanities (223)
American University in Cairo
Cairo, Egypt

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  07 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov  7 22:49:17 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 7 Nov 2001 15:49:17 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:Unix hack for Arabic Web Pages
Message-ID: <WED.7.NOV.2001.154917.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 07 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Unix hack for Arabic Web Pages

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  07 Nov 2001
From: Tim Buckwalter <TimBuckwalter at aol.com>
Subject: Unix hack for Arabic Web Pages

Neat! Since you're mapping from Win-1256, you might want to include these:
(1) punctuation characters:
\xA1 comma
\xBA semicolon
\xBF question mark
(2) Persian characters (not sure I got these names right!):
\x81 pe
\x8D che
\x8E zhe
\x90 gaf

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  07 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov  7 22:49:58 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 7 Nov 2001 15:49:58 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:Ramadan Songs query
Message-ID: <WED.7.NOV.2001.154958.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 07 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
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           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Ramadan Songs query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  07 Nov 2001
From: "Mohammed M. Karam" <kambalino at yahoo.com>
Subject: Ramadan Songs query

Salam,
     I've been searching around the net for lyrics to
various Ramadan related songs, but my efforts have not
yet been met with success.

I've tried Arabic Google, English Google, and
almashriq.hiof.no, but haven't found anything yet.

Does any one know of a place where I may find at least
the Arabic lyrics to the songs, or their
transliteration or translation?

Thanks!

Salam..

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  07 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov  7 22:53:00 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 7 Nov 2001 15:53:00 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:Needs email address
Message-ID: <WED.7.NOV.2001.155300.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 07 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Needs email address

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  07 Nov 2001
From: Francesco GARDANI <frncsko at aon.at>
Subject: Needs email address

I'm a student of linguistics at Vienna university under the
instruction of prof. W.U. Dressler.
Sami Boudelaa assured me that you might help me to find out the email
account of prof. Alexander Borg, whom I am looking for.

Please write me back, if you have any information how to achieve him!

many thanks and best regards  Francesco Gardani

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  07 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Fri Nov  9 18:13:02 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Fri, 9 Nov 2001 11:13:02 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:Intensive year long program query
Message-ID: <FRI.9.NOV.2001.111302.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Fri 11 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
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           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Intensive year long program query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  11 Nov 2001
From: Dil Parkinson  <dil at byu.edu>
Subject: Intensive year long program query

I suppose we all have been asked this question, and we all certainly
knew it was coming.  What surprised me is that I didn't know the
answer.  A student has asked me if there are any stateside, year-long
(as opposed to just summer) intensive (basically full-time) Arabic
language programs.  It would be something like DLI or FSI or the CIA
school, but without having to join up.  I told him I didn't think
there were any at universities, but thought there might be some at
places like the Monterrey School or the ME Institute in DC (those are
just guesses).  Does anyone know if there is such a thing?
Dil

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  11 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Nov 12 17:39:45 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 12 Nov 2001 10:39:45 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:Emphasis and etymology queries
Message-ID: <MON.12.NOV.2001.103945.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 12 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Emphasis and etymology queries

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  12 Nov 2001
From: Mathias van den Bossche <m.vdb at free.fr>
Subject: Emphasis and etymology queries

First I would like to thank for the answers you sent me
about comparative dialects. The books are ordered and will
soon arive home. In the meanwhile, I would like to ask
you a couple of questions.

- Emphatics. For sure there is a difference in the articulation
   of emphatic consonnants and their non emphatic counterparts.
   But I wonder whether the most important part of emphatism
   is the impact on surrounding vowels, as suggested by the
   [?ila:h / ?aLLA:h] opposition. In the dialect of Palestinian
   speakers I have contact with, there are emphatics you don't
   find in classical Arabic such as emphatic M in [MAyy] (water),
   [MA:MA:] (mummy), ... emphatic B as in [BA:BA:] (daddy) ...
   This must be subject well known to researchers. Could someone
   send some data on the subject ?

- About the etymology of Cl.Arabic [T'A:wila] / Palestinian [T'A:wle]
   (table), I would like to know whether it is a coincidence that
   it is very close to late Latin [t'awula] (classical Latin TABULUM),
   or is it really artificially that the standard classifications
   put it under the _Twl_ root ("length") in dictionaries. The
   presence of an emphatic at the beginning of this hypothetically
   borrowed word would be analogous to the presence of Q at the
   beginning of [QaSr] < CASTRUM.
   What raised this question is the fact that in the Occitan language
   (aka Proven?al, aka Langue d'Oc) of southern France where I live,
   "table" happens to be "taula [t'awlo]", really close to the
   Palestinian form !

Thanks in advance

Mathias van den Bossche

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  12 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Nov 12 17:37:58 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 12 Nov 2001 10:37:58 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:Arabic Program Opinion Query
Message-ID: <MON.12.NOV.2001.103758.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 12 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Arabic Program Opinion Query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  12 Nov 2001
From: Chris Holman <veracocha at hotmail.com>
Subject: Arabic Program Opinion Query

Hello All,

I am writing to ask if any of you have an opinion that you would like
to express and wouldn't mind if I documented in a proposal to the
University of Oregon to create an Arabic program that will fulfill
B.A. requirements.  Currently, a self-study program is offered
through the Linguistics Dept. but the credits earned are not
applicable to a degree.  Since my arrival?here I?have been
instructing Arabic in this capacity.  Recently, I?was approached by
the University to discuss the possibilities of creating such a
program and how this program, if created, could benefit the community
and the academic worlds.  Naturally, I thought of this forum as the
first place to turn to for comments, opinions, suggestions, or
anything else that I could include in the proposal to the school.  If
any one of you would be so kind as to assist me with this I would be
very grateful.  Feel free to respond to this post or to send?your
replies?to my home address.  Thank y

Sincerely,
Chris Holman
1760 W. 17th # 3


--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  12 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Nov 12 17:49:19 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 12 Nov 2001 10:49:19 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:Arab Academy Special (Ad)
Message-ID: <MON.12.NOV.2001.104919.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 12 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
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           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Arab Academy Special (Ad)

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  12 Nov 2001
From: Sanaa Ghanem <sanaa at arabacademy.com>
Subject: Arab Academy Special (Ad)

On the occasion of Ramadan, we are pleased to provide schools and
Islamic centers with free registration to all their students during
the month of Ramadan.  The Arab Academy offers online Islamic Arabic
courses to children (ages 6 and above).  The program is based on
stories of prophets in the Quran and on Part Thirty.

To get more information on our online Islamic school visit:
<http://www.arabacademy.com/school_courses_e.htm>http://www.arabacademy.com/school_courses_e.htm

Free registration is given to educational institutions who have full
time or part time Arabic/Islamic programs with a minimum of 50
students.

The children will love the online interactive curriculum! Register
for the free Ramadan special program now!!

Write directly to me if you wish to register your students or if you
have further questions,

Best regards
Sanaa Ghanem
Academic Director
<http://arabacademy.com/Ghanem.htm>http://arabacademy.com/Ghanem.htm
E-mail: <mailto:sanaa at arabacademy.com>sanaa at arabacademy.com
Web: <http://www.arabacademy.com>http://www.arabacademy.com

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  12 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Nov 12 17:38:36 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 12 Nov 2001 10:38:36 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:TRANS:Dictionaries Query
Message-ID: <MON.12.NOV.2001.103836.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 12 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Dictionaries Query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  12 Nov 2001
From: "Timothy A. Gregory" <tgregory at tarjema.com>
Subject: Dictionaries Query

I'm taking a class in Arabic translation right now, and since I've been
doing Arabic->English translation for quite some time, they've decided
to focus on English->Arabic for my studies, and I find myself needing
newer or better dictionaries.

Right now I have four English->Arabic dictionaries, though only three
really count:

1) The Oxford English-Arabic Dictionary of Current Usage
2) The Concise Oxford English-Arabic Dictionary (this is a subset of
terms from the above)
3) ??????????????????????????1985?Al-Mawrid English-Arabic Dictionary
4) Computer Dictionary English/Arabic - Arabic/English from AL-ALHRAM
Commercial Press, 1987

I also have the Arabic->English Mawrid and Hans Wehr fourth edition.

The Oxford is a great dictionary, but it's too small - not enough terms.
Maybe they'll make a bigger one someday... The Mawrid is a good one,
too, but a lot of what I get out of it feels too formal, or the Arabic I
get out of it doesn't quite fit the context I'm working in. I also use
Sakhr's dictionary on-line, and Word 2002's translation dictionary as
electronic references.

Using these dictionaries I can get through a lot of text, but I'm really
interested to know what other dictionaries are out there, and what you
would recommend I buy. Right now I'm looking for general language, but
recommendations for technical/computer, political/military and business
topics would be welcome.

I'd also love to hear any reviews of CD ROM dictionaries for the PC (for
Arabic enabled versions of Windows, currently I'm using Windows XP)
which would make it easier for me to work on translations anywhere. I
love my laptop because I can use it on the bus on the way back and forth
to work, set it up on my desk during lunch and so on, but it's not very
convenient to spread out three or four dictionaries in the same places.

Any suggestions for reference works on Arabic grammar would be very
welcome, as well!! I'm currently working from my notes, textbooks and
Muhammad Abdul-Rauf's "Arabic for English Speaking Students". I'm sure
there are better books to use as reference (in Arabic or English, either
will be great) than what I've got. I'd be especially interested in
manuals of style, again in either language.

Thanks for your help!

--tag

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  12 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Nov 12 17:30:58 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 12 Nov 2001 10:30:58 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:Ramadan Songs response
Message-ID: <MON.12.NOV.2001.103058.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 12 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Ramadan Songs response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  12 Nov 2001
From: Ola Moshref <omoshref at aucegypt.edu>
Subject: Ramadan Songs response

I know of 'il-misaHaraati by Fouad Haddad, only in his books.

Ola

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  12 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Nov 12 17:41:23 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 12 Nov 2001 10:41:23 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:Wants info on Arabic study in ME
Message-ID: <MON.12.NOV.2001.104123.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 12 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Wants info on Arabic study in ME

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  12 Nov 2001
From: Dale Frakes <dpfrakes at yahoo.com>
Subject: Wants info on Arabic study in ME

Hello everyone!

This is a three part question.

First, the school I am attending for my MBA has no formal Middle
East/Arabic component to their program.  (I am attending UP because I
work there and can go for nearly free).  I am taking it upon myself
to augment my program with study abroad during the summers.  Can any
of you recommend good sources for financial aid, including grants,
scholarships, and loans.

Second, and more specifically, I have looked into Fullbright, NSEP,
and a company called International Education Finance Corporation
(IEFC - http://www.iefc.com/).  I would appreciate hearing about any
experiences or suggestions regarding these sources.  Has anyone used
or heard of IEFC?  I am somewhat hesitant to apply to a company I
have only seen on the web.

Third, most of the summer programs that I can find apprear to be in
Lebanon, Egypt, Jordan, Syria, and Morocco.  Does anyone know of
programs in the Gulf region?  On the other hand, does anyone know of
particularly good programs anywhere in the Middle East?

I thank you all any information you can provide.  In addition to
using
this information for my own program, I also intend to compile
information from responses and put it on my website, so please let me
know if you do not want it listed there.

Sincerely,
Dale Frakes

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  12 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Nov 12 17:32:01 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 12 Nov 2001 10:32:01 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA&LING:AUC Conference
Message-ID: <MON.12.NOV.2001.103201.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 12 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: AUC Conference

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  12 Nov 2001
From: zeinab Ibrahim <zeinabib at aucegypt.edu>
Subject: AUC Conference

                         SECOND CALL FOR PAPERS??
                     Celebrating TAFL Golden Jubilee
  ??????????????????
                          The Arabic Language Institute
  ?????????????? The American University in Cairo

                                  Announces????????
The International Conference on Arabic Language
                               And Linguistics
      On Friday and Saturday May 17 & 18, 2002
              Languages of Conference: Arabic & English
  ??????????????????????????????????????????
                   Keynote Speakers:
                     ElSaid Badawi , Johnathan Owens
           and  Kees Versteegh


  ?????????????????????????????? Themes
  ????????????????????????????????????????
Teaching Arabic as a Foreign or National Language; Acquisition of
Arabic as a First or Foreign Language; Language Planning & Reform;
Textbooks & Dictionaries; Standardized Tests; Arabic & computers;
Translation; Distance Learning; Contrastive Studies.

Papers and pre-organized panels are welcome.
Abstracts: 250 words.
E-mail: icall at aucegypt.edu
Abstracts in attachments: Please use IBM, Word
Deadline: January 22nd, 2002.
Organizers: Alaa Elgibali & Zeinab Ibrahim

Fax: 20-2- 795- 7565
Address:   Alaa Elgibali
The Arabic language Institute
The American University in Cairo
113 kasr Al-Aini st.
Cairo, Egypt.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  12 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Nov 12 17:42:32 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 12 Nov 2001 10:42:32 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:wants Arabic in Boston area this winter
Message-ID: <MON.12.NOV.2001.104232.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 12 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: wants Arabic in Boston area this winter

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  12 Nov 2001
From: Osin22 at aol.com
Subject: wants Arabic in Boston area this winter

[please respond directly to requestor.]

Hi, my name is Alex. I am an honors junior Political Science and History
major at the UMASS Amherst. My focus in polysci is the Middle East and I am
wanting to learn Arabic in order to pursue my career goal as a Foreign
Officer. I want to go to Cairo my 1st semester senior year and take intensive
Arabic classes. The problem is that at my school Arabic 1 is taught 1st
semester and Arabic 2 second, I would really like to have some background in
Arabic before I go to Cairo. If someone could offer me a way of learning an
introduction to Arabic during winter session it would be deeply appreciated.
I live in both Amherst and Boston and am willing to work extremely hard.
Sincerely, Alex

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  12 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Nov 12 17:43:31 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 12 Nov 2001 10:43:31 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:Publishing possibilities query
Message-ID: <MON.12.NOV.2001.104331.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 12 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Publishing possibilities query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  12 Nov 2001
From: mohamed zniber <zniber at yahoo.fr>
Subject: Publishing possibilities query

Dear colleagues,
I am Mohamed Zniber. I defended my Ph.D. thesis last
July. It is entitled: Verb phrase modification in
Moroccan Arabic: ?Auxiliation?, supervised by Pr.
Youssi from Mohamed V university, Rabat Morocco.
I would like to inquire about publishing possibilities
in international linguistic journals. My article is
about modal auxiliaries in Moroccan Arabic and
English: a comparative study. It is subdivided into
two main sections: the first one reviews the uses of
modals in English and Moroccan Arabic. The main
concern is, therefore, to investigate how the concept
of modality is expressed in the two languages. The
second part deals with error analysis. Moroccan
learners of English often misuse English modals. The
mistakes can be syntactic, semantic or lexical. The
study focuses on three types of tests: grammar
examinations, composition papers and translation
tasks.
Thanks for your collaboration.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  12 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Nov 12 17:44:24 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 12 Nov 2001 10:44:24 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:TRANS:allaah
Message-ID: <MON.12.NOV.2001.104424.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 12 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: allaah

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  12 Nov 2001
From: Mathias van den Bossche <m.vdb at free.fr>
Subject: allaah

In the light of previous contribution, what about the
following translation of "l? ?il?ha ?illa L-L?h".

"There is no deity but God"

Mathias van den Bossche

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  12 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Nov 12 17:45:38 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 12 Nov 2001 10:45:38 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:lynx and Arabic
Message-ID: <MON.12.NOV.2001.104538.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 12 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: lynx and Arabic

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  12 Nov 2001
From: Dan Parvaz <dparvaz at unm.edu>
Subject: lynx and Arabic

>  Neat! Since you're mapping from Win-1256, you might want to include these

Thanks, Tim -- I'll do just that. FWIW, the Persian/Farsi (I'm agnostic on
that non-issue) names for the letters are A-OK.

Stranger than fiction: lynx seems to kinda-sorta read Win-1256. Using lynx
to read aljazeera, you get something like this:

q+a+l+ r+yHy+s+ a+l+w+z+r+a+H' a+l+f+r+n+s+y+ l+y+w+n+y+l+
g+w+s+b+a+n+ ahn+h+ s+y+w+a+f+q+ e+l+j+ a+s+t+g+w+a+b+h+ f+y+ ahtja+r+
t+hkq+y+q+ y+g+r+j+ b+snaHn+ t+m+w+y+l+ i+y+r+ snr+e+y+ l+hkz+b+h+
a+l+a+snt+r+a+k+y+. w+m+n+ snaHn+ h+dkh+ a+l+x+tjw+tm aHn+ t+d+e+w+
l+l+m+q+a+r+n+tm b+y+n+ m+w+q+f+ g+w+s+b+a+n+ w+m+w+q+f+ a+l+r+yHy+s+
a+l+f+r+n+s+y+ g+a+k+ sny+r+a+k+ a+l+dky+ k+s+b+ hkk+m+a+ q+dda+yHy+a+
y+g+n+b+h+ a+l+m+s+a+H'l+tm a+l+q+a+n+w+n+y+tm f+y+ q+dda+y+a+
f+s+a+d+ hkz+b+y+

Annoying, but readable.
Cheers,
Dan.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  12 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Mon Nov 12 17:48:32 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Mon, 12 Nov 2001 10:48:32 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:Intensive programs responses
Message-ID: <MON.12.NOV.2001.104832.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Mon 12 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Intensive programs response
2) Subject: Intensive programs response
3) Subject: Intensive programs response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  12 Nov 2001
From: aziz abbassi <moustique51 at hotmail.com>
Subject: Intensive programs response

In response to the year-long intensive programs, you are right Dil about
the places you mentioned and I believe that DLI would theoretically
(at least until very recently) accept private students, but they
would charge them prohibitive fees for the 63-week course.

Aziz Abbassi
Author, Translator
(International Education Management Services)
PO BOX 6030
Monterey, CA 93944
(831) 375-5969

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date:  12 Nov 2001
From: malhawary at ou.edu
Subject: Intensive programs response

Institute of Islamic and Arabic Sciences in Fairfax, Virginia, offers
up to 20-25 hours weekly of "intensive" instruction in Arabic in its
daily intensive programs (M-F), although it does not offer any classes
in the Summer.  What's more, it is almost free.  As far as I can recall
when I used to teach there, students had to pay a nominal fee for registration
and books (about $ 50.00).

Mohammad T. Alhawary

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
3)
Date:  12 Nov 2001
From: Sanaa Ghanem <sanaa at arabacademy.com>
Subject: Intensive programs response

The Arab Academy offers a two year intensive Arabic language program for
adults.  For more information on the program visit:
http://www.arabacademy.com/main/online/registrar_e.shtml

Sanaa Ghanem
http://www.arabacademy.com

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  12 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov 14 22:03:16 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 14 Nov 2001 15:03:16 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:Intensive year-long program response
Message-ID: <WED.14.NOV.2001.150316.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 14 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Intensive year-long program response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  14 Nov 2001
From: Karin Ryding <rydingk at georgetown.edu>
Subject: Intensive year-long program response

Dear Dil,
          I think you are right.  No current year-long intensive academic
Arabic program currently exists, although I remember Wally Erwin trying to get
funding for such a project here at Georgetown in the '70's.  He was modelling
it after one at Cornell, which was intensive year-long training in Chinese, I
think.  I don't know if they still have something like that. All the best,
KCRyding

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  14 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov 14 22:00:09 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 14 Nov 2001 15:00:09 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:TRANS:dictionary responses
Message-ID: <WED.14.NOV.2001.150009.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 14 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: dictionary response
2) Subject: dictionary response
3) Subject: dictionary response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  14 Nov 2001
From: Tim Buckwalter <TimBuckwalter at aol.com>
Subject: dictionary response

I recommend that you add the English-Arabic "Munjid" to your collection. The
Lebanese produce beautiful bilingual dictionaries and this one is no
exception:

Thiyuduri, Qustantin. al-Mounged : English-Arabic / by C. Theodory. 1st. ed.
Beirut : Librairie Orientale, 1996. $22.00 (U.S.). 996, [164] p. : ill. ; 25
cm. English-Arabic dictionary.  LCN: 97963228

also listed as:
Theodory, C.: al-Mounged : english - arabic / by C. Theodory .- 2. ?d .-
Beirut: Librairie Orientale, 1997 .- 996, 20, 143 S. : Ill

and also:
Theodory, Constantin
Al-Mounged: English-Arabic / by C. Theodory. -- 2nd. ed.. -- Beirut :
Librairie Orientale, 1997
Contiene : Appendices : I. Irregular verbs -- II. Countries, related nouns,
adjectives and capitals -- III. Chemical symbols -- IV. Comparative proverbs
Contiene : Biographical names, p. 1-143

Tim
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date:  14 Nov 2001
From: Jan Hoogland <j.hoogland at let.kun.nl>
Subject: dictionary response

Timothy,
I would suggest to add two general dictionaries:

- Al Mu'jam Al-'Asasi, ALECSO, Larousse, Arabic-Arabic. It won't help you
to look up words for your English-Arabic translations, but if you work the
way I do (I need some word containing the root KTB or ShRB), you can
benefit from this book.

- Al Qamoos CD-ROM, produced by Sakhr (Arabic enabled Windows). Check their
website or ARAMEDIA (you're welcome George). This does not add so many new
translations etc, but it is a valuable compilation of existing dictionaries
(Mawrid, Wehr and others).
and it's very fast. I use it for checking vocalisation etc.

Good luck.
Jan

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
3)
Date:  14 Nov 2001
From: GnhBos at aol.com
Subject: dictionary response


Please note that most, if not ALL, Arabic translation software
require MS Arabic Windows. Your best bet would be An Nakel's
Specialized Dictionaries which are not shown on the site, if I post
the whole thing, Dil would snip it and slap me on back of the head.

An-Nakel is also available in single direction translation. Bi-Di
is the way to go. For more information, go to our machine
translation webpage:

http://aramedia.com/aschome.htm

Machine Translation Software

An-Nakel* Bidirectional Translation Software Ar-En-Ar $995.00
An-Nakel* One Way Arabic to English Translation Software $695.00
An-Nakel* One Way English to Arabic Translation Software $695.00
Easy Lingo, Instant Translator English-Arabic. ANY Win 95/98/NT $25.00
Al-Mutarjim* Professional Machine Translation Software $699.00
Al-Wafi* Arabic Translator CD $120.00 (Not too good)

(*) Requires MS Arabic Windows.

Dictionaries are available, mostly for Arabic Windows, except for
Bishai's ADAM edition, which will work with you English Windows.
MS Arabic software is multilingual, Arabic and English, installing
Arabic Windows will NOT loose you English files or ability.

Arsabic/English/Arabic Dictionaries

Bishai Dictionary of Literary Arabic ADAM for MS Windows $59.00
Bishai Dictionary of Literary Arabic NAD* for MS Arabic Windows $59.00
Bishai Dictionary of Literary Arabic SAAD for MS-DOS $59.00
Sakhr's Al-Qamoos* Dictionary Multilingual Ar/En/Fr/Ger/Tur $70.00
Sakhr's Al-Qamoos* Dictionary Bilingual Arabic/English $60.00
Sakhr's Qamoosi Al-Ajeeb My Incredible Dictionary $24.00
Islamic Dictionary CD is $50.00
English-Arabic English Only Talking Dictionary 450,000 Words $199.00

(*) Requires MS Arabic Windows.

http://aramedia.com/aschome.htm

Arabic/English PS-2 Keyboard is available for $49.00.
Arabic/English Keyboard Stickers for either Laptop or Desktop are
available for $15.00 each:

http://www.aramedia.com/keyboard-ar.htm
http://aramedia.com/stickers.htm

You are welcome to contact me, directly, for more information.

Best Regards,

George N. Hallak
AramediA Group
http://www.aramedia.com
T 617-825-3044 F 617-265-9648


--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  14 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov 14 22:00:45 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 14 Nov 2001 15:00:45 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:Arabic Program Opinion responses
Message-ID: <WED.14.NOV.2001.150045.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 14 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Arabic Program Opinion responses

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  14 Nov 2001
From: khorshid <khorshid at aucegypt.edu>
Subject: Arabic Program Opinion responses

Chris,

I have taught both for institutions and privately. In institutions you are
governed by their rules. When you teach privately, you are your own master.
When I do so, I start teaching the Arabic language, colloquial and also Modern
Standard Arabic (MSA) orally, no books, but many pictures and realia. If you
want to start a new program I strongly recommend doing the first semester
completely orally (again, no books no alphabet).This should give your students
strong communication skills and will encourage the teacher towards the same
end.

Regards
Ahmad Khorshid
Arabic Language Instructor
AUC

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  14 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov 14 22:01:37 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 14 Nov 2001 15:01:37 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:Netscape 6.2 query
Message-ID: <WED.14.NOV.2001.150137.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 14 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Netscape 6.2 query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  14 Nov 2001
From: Sal Maduh <sal.maduh at verizon.net>
Subject: Netscape 6.2 query

Has anyone figured out how to properly display Arabic pages in Netscape 6.2
for the Mac! I was able to do that without problems using Netscape 6, but
since they upgraded the browser, I am getting a scrambled text regardless of
the character set I choose.

Thanks in advance.

Best regards,

Salah Maduh
Washington, DC
USA

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  14 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov 14 22:02:23 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 14 Nov 2001 15:02:23 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:Ramadan Songs
Message-ID: <WED.14.NOV.2001.150223.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 14 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Ramadan Songs

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  14 Nov 2001
From: GnhBos at aol.com
Subject: Ramadan Songs

>
>   I know of 'il-misaHaraati by Fouad Haddad, only in his books.
>
>   Ola

Is "Haddad" a good Christian Arab family name?

Best Regards,

George N. Hallak

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  14 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov 14 22:08:20 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 14 Nov 2001 15:08:20 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:etymology and emphasis responses
Message-ID: <WED.14.NOV.2001.150820.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 14 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: :emphasis response
2) Subject: :taawila etymology response
3) Subject: :taawila and emphasis response
4) Subject: :taawila etymology response
5) Subject: :taawila etymology
6) Subject: :emphasis response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  14 Nov 2001
From: khorshid <khorshid at aucegypt.edu>
Subject: : emphasis response

When you speak about emphasis you need to make a distinction between Qur'anic
Arabic and non-Qur'anic Arabic. In Qur'anic Arabic emphatic sounds are always
emphatic, whereas unemphatic sounds are always unemphatic. For example, the
"b" in SabaaH must be pronounced unemphatic, unlike colloquial Arabic dialects
(even Modern Standard Arabic MSA is influenced by the dialects). On the other
hand, the unemphatic sounds in colloquial and MSA will be pronouced emphatic
in the neighborhood of emphatic sounds (followed or preceded by emphatic
sounds). The word SabaaH above is one example.

All four examples you gave are special cases (Allaah, maay, baaba & maama).
Some representative examples are
  on "m" maat vs. al-maaDi
  on "b" ba9d vs. ba9D
  on "l" laa9ib vs. Salaah

I would also like to note that some readers of the Qur'an don't stick to the
rule of pronouncing unemphatic sounds unemphatic in all environments. That is,
you can hear the influence of colloquial Arabic in their pronunciation of
unemphatic sounds as emphatic ones in the neighborhood of emphatic sounds. The
same is true with MSA.

Regards

Ahmad Khorshid
Arabic Language Instructor
AUC

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date:  14 Nov 2001
From: "Schub, Michael" <michael.schub at trincoll.edu>
Subject: :taawila etymology

  /Taawilah/ is derived directly for Italian "tavola"  [table].
Best wishes,
                                    Mike Schub
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
3)
Date:  14 Nov 2001
From: DLNewman <d.newman at planetinternet.be>
Subject: :emphasis and taawila etymology

Hello,

1. With regard to your question about emphatics, the impact on neighbouring
vowels is in fact the result of assimilation, and a logical 'byproduct' of
the articulatory processes involved in the production of the emphatic
(velarized/pharyngealized) consonants (retracted tongue root, concomitant
pharyngeal constriction, and lateral expansion of the tongue which is
raised - the Arabic grammarian's 'iTbaaq', 'lidding'). Of course, the
perceptual  changes in the vowels reflect the acoustic changes, the most
important of which is that emphatic consonants have a marked impact on the
second formant (F2) of vowels.
  In addition to the dialectal emphatics you have mentioned, many consonants
in colloquial Arabic varieties may in fact be velarized - e.g. /r/ (e.g.
Egyptian Colloquial Arabic /khaMR/, 'time'; cf. minimal pairs like /gaRaSI/,
'bell'-/daras/, 'he studied'), /n/ (e.g. ECA /baTN/, 'belly), as /s/ (e.g.
/kaSSar/, 'he broke') -, particularly of course when they occur next to the
'true' (i.e. primary) emphatics, whose influence may be ambisyllabic (e.g.
ECA /NeTLoB/, 'we ask').
It is interesting to note in this respect, that the great Sibawayhi (who was
the first to refer to emphatic consonants as /muTbaqa/, - 'lidded' - rather
than /mufakhkhama/ - 'thickened') already mentioned an 'alif al-tafkhiim',
which he identified in words like /Salaat/ ('prayers'), adding that this was
a typical feature of Hijazi Arabic.

2. Ultimately, the Arabic /Taw(i)(u)la/ goes back to the Latin 'tabula', but
it entered the language through the Italian 'tavola' (by way of the lingua
franca).

With kind regards,

Daniel Newman

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
4)
Date:  14 Nov 2001
From: Tim Buckwalter <TimBuckwalter at aol.com>
Subject: :taawila etymology

The widely acknowledged etymology of Ta:wila is the Italian "tavola". I don't
know what the oldest recorded use is, but it's listed in Spiro's dictionary
(as "table" and "backgammon"). I found no instance of this word in Lisan
al-Arab or the Hadith corpus, but to my surprise I found a single occurrence
of it in the Arabic Bible (Smith Van Dyke translation?): "wa-nu`idda lahu
fiihaa sariiran wa-Taawilatan wa-kursiyyan..." (2 Kings 4:10). I would have
expected the translators to use the more standard "ma:'ida".

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
5)
Date:  14 Nov 2001
From: dparvaz at unm.edu
Subject: :taawila etymology

>- About the etymology of Cl.Arabic [T'A:wila] / Palestinian [T'A:wle]
>   (table), I would like to know whether it is a coincidence that
>   it is very close to late Latin [t'awula] (classical Latin TABULUM),

This would fit the general pattern of other words for "table" found
in Arabic, such as ['me:za] and  [TAra'bezza].

While we're musing on imported vs. native words for new(?) concepts:
in Persian, the word [kor'si] (clearly related to Arabic ['kursi])
refers to particular kind of seating arrangement, to wit: a low table
is set up with some sort of heating element underneath, The table is
then covered by heavy blankets or carpets. Folks sit on the ground
and cover their legs with the carpet/blankets. Toasty.

Question: is this a semantic narrowing of ['kursi], or is something
like this pre-date the more off-the-ground concept of "chairness" in
the Arabic-speaking world, which was then extended?

Cheers,

Dan.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
5)
Date:  14 Nov 2001
From: Louis Boumans <louis.boumans at freeler.nl>
Subject: :emphasis response

In response to Mathias van den Bossche'squery,

J. Heath argues, quite plausibly, with respect to Spanish and French
loan words in Moroccan Arabic that the vowel quality in the source
language determines the consonant phoneme in the borrowed Arabic
cognate. So an adjacing [A] vowel will often result in loan words
with emphatic or other back consonants like q. Therefore MA /Taksi/
(taxi), /Tabla ~ Tebla/ (table) etc but /tran/ (tren "train"),
/tinis/ etc. This probaly explains CA qaSr < Lat. castrum as well.

J. Heath, ca.1986. Ablaut and Ambiguity
J. Heath. 1989. From Codeswitching to Borrowing

Yours, Louis Boumans

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  14 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Fri Nov 16 23:54:06 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Fri, 16 Nov 2001 16:54:06 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:TRANS:allaah
Message-ID: <FRI.16.NOV.2001.165406.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Fri 16 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: allaah

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  16 Nov 2001
From: nagwa hedayet <nhedayet at yahoo.com>
Subject: allaah

[moderator's note: I apologize for the weird extra characters, but
sometimes when an attachment comes things like "smart" quotes are
wrecked in the translation.  Does anyone know a good way for me to
handle this?  Dil]

Hello everybody,

I have been reading all your discussion about the word ?Allaahu? with
great interest, and thought to share with you some of my reflections.
Sorry if it is a bit long.

  At the beginning, I agree with Mr. A. Abboud and Dr. Chambers that
what we translate refer to concepts.  But a Muslim who reads and
comprehends the Qur?aan thinks of ?wa ilaahuna wa ilaahukom waaHidun
wa naHnu lahu muslimuun.? (Q. al ?inkabuut:46).  Most probably s/he
translates it as: ?Our God is your God and to Him we are submissive
(obedient)?- explicitly stating that Muslim and non-Muslim believers
have one God.

  While, in quoting Jesus? words in the Qur?aan  s/he reads ?wa inna
Allaaha rabbi wa rabbukom fa?buduhu haatha siratun mostaqeem?
(Q.Mariam: 36), i.e. ?Verily Allaah is my Lord and your Lord: Him,
therefore, serve ye:  this is a path that is straight?.  Thus, this
context presents the proper name of the one and common Lord: ?Allaah?.

  Then, a Muslim reads the words of God to Prophet Muhammad: ?fa?alam
annahu laa ilaaha illa ?llaahu? (Q. Muhammad: 19) as the core of
monotheism. Translation of this verse by most Muslims will be: ?know
(Muhammad and every human being), therefore, that there is no god
(lowercase) but Allaahu?.  Thus, when the context is about ?deity?,
it is translated into ?God? (upper case), and if the concept refers
to a minor worshipped idol/symbol, it is ?god? (lowercase).?

  This is why Muslims think that ?Allaah? is the proper name God chose
to call Himself in the Qur?aan, since the name is seen in the same
verse/context with the words  ?rabb? (Lord) and ?ilaah?(God).  The
above verses are example of this language use. The name ?Allaah? is
mentioned 2153 times in the Qur?aan as the proper name for deity,
which shows the significance of the name.?

  Allaah revealed for the believers other names (attributes indeed,
such as ar-raHamaanu and al- kareemu, al-qayyuumu..etc). However,
?Allaahu? is seen to be the most sacred of the ninety nine names as
in:  ?qoll  id?ou allaaha ?aw e d?ou r-raHmaana fali llaahi l
?asmaa?u l Hosnaa?(Q. israa?:110), i.e., ?say call upon Allaah or
call upon? ar-raHmaan for to Him belong the most beautiful names
(attributes)?.  [see the names of God in Sir Edwin Arnold?s ?Pearls
of the Faith?]

  Some scholars believe that if a Muslim calls God by one of His
attributes, s/he will ask God by this particular adjective.  So, if
s/he says yaa raHmaanu, s/he calls upon God?s mercy.  Similarly, if
s/he says ya Kareemu, s/he calls upon God?s generosity.  But if s/he
says  ?yaa Allaahu? or ?Allaahumma?, s/he calls upon all His other
names.  While others believe that Allaahu is ?al-ismu l?a?dham? ? or
the most sacred of all other names and attributes.?

  The name has significance, as a person cannot substitute any other
name in the shahaada (the first pillar in Islam by which one becomes
a Muslim)- ?laa ilaaha illa Allaahu?- by any other name (i.e. not ?la
ilaaha illa al-kareemu? ..etc).  It is also the only name used in the
prayer call five times a day ?Allaahu ?akbaru?.?

Allaahu is the only name that remains meaningful even if one or more
of its letters are dropped.  If we drop the alif, it is ?lillaahi?,
(for/to Allaah), a meaningful term that is found in several verses of
the Qur?aan.  If we drop its first ?laam?, we are left with ?lahu?
(for Him).  If we drop the final ?laam?, we are left with ?huu?(Him)
or ?huwa? (He) that has its significance in mysticism.  Moreover,
though the word Allaahu is used in the language as a second or third
term of idaafa construction, it can never be used as a first term.?

  Since Arabic is a Semitic language, there is no wonder to find many
shared vocabulary especially in the Semitic religious realm. For
instance, the word Elluhim is very close in pronunciation to
Allaahumma, as well as others (such as qayyum).  Non-Arab Muslims
translate ?Deity? into Allaah.  I would imagine that Arab Jews and
Christians also call Him Allaah.

  My ?assumption is that because God is the direct author of the
monotheistic scripture and He chose to call Himself ?Allaahu?, it
would sound weird to call Him something else like using ?Submission
to God? or ?Obedience? instead of ?Islam?.  It may even sound funny,
or like me signing this email to you ?Intimacy? or ?Confidential
Talk? instead of ?Nagwa?

w Allaahu?'a'lamu?

Nagwa Hedayet
Hedayet Institute for Arabic Studies
Cairo-Egypt

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  16 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Fri Nov 16 23:45:15 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Fri, 16 Nov 2001 16:45:15 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:etymology and emphasis
Message-ID: <FRI.16.NOV.2001.164515.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Fri 16 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: etymology and emphasis
2) Subject: etymology and emphasis

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  16 Nov 2001
From: DLNewman <d.newman at planetinternet.be>
Subject: etymology and emphasis

Hello (again),

1. It seems the computer gremlins were in a confederacy against me in my
last message:
the translation of /khaMR/ is of course 'alcoholic beverage' (not 'time'!),
whereas /gaRaS/ ('bell') does not have /I/ at the end.

2. With regard to the etymology question, it is worth adding that the Latin
'tabula' is also the etymon of /Tabliyya/, which in Egyptian Arabic denotes
a low round table. However, the intermediary here, I suspect, was not
Italian, but French ('tablette').

3. As for Louis Boumans' comment, evidence would not seem to support this
(at least not across the board for all dialects), as shown by examples like
/diktatuur/, /tanbar/ ('stamp'), 'jandarma' (and many more). Indeed, /U/
(both short and long) also often has this effect: e.g. /dukTuur/,
/uTumuubiil/. All these examples are, in fact, drawn from sources dating
back to the 19th century, which was arguably the first time loanwords from
European languages arrived in great numbers. The use of emphatics in
loanwords is of course not new, and can already be observed in mediaeval
borrowings from Greek (e.g. /dimuqraTiya/). For some cases at least, I can't
help but wonder whether the use of the emphatic did not originally serve to
clearly mark the word as foreign in writing, and later became a convention.
Equally interesting is the fact that in a number of spoken varieties of
Arabic the emphatics in borrowings (from European tongues) are often
replaced by their non-emphatic counterparts.

Daniel Newman

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date:  16 Nov 2001
From: "Schub, Michael" <michael.schub at trincoll.edu>
Subject: etymology and emphasis

The Lebanese Jesuit elegant Arabic translation of the Bible
[ISBN 2-7214-4547-2, 1988] does indeed have {the originally
Ethiopic} /maa'idah/ for "table" as opposed to /Taawilah/
at 2Kings 4.10.  Best wishes,

                                        Mike Schub

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  16 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Fri Nov 16 23:42:25 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Fri, 16 Nov 2001 16:42:25 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:Is 'Haddad' Christian?
Message-ID: <FRI.16.NOV.2001.164225.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Fri 16 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Is 'Haddad' Christian?
2) Subject: Is 'Haddad' Christian?

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  16 Nov 2001
From: Ola Moshref <omoshref at aucegypt.edu>
Subject: Is 'Haddad' Christian?

Yes it is. Foad Haddaad was an Egyptian christian from a very wealthy
family. He converted to Islam, and married a simple girl. His family
abandoned him. Like fairy tales! His poems are all folkloric, political, and
very revolutionary!

Ola

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date:  16 Nov 2001
From: dparvaz at unm.edu
Subject: Is 'Haddad' Christian?

>Is "Haddad" a good Christian Arab family name?

I think it depends on where you live. I knew Christian Haddads in
Jordan, but some West Bank Haddads are Muslim.

Cheers,
Dan

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  16 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Fri Nov 16 23:46:53 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Fri, 16 Nov 2001 16:46:53 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:Ramadan Songs
Message-ID: <FRI.16.NOV.2001.164653.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Fri 16 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
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           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Ramadan Songs
2) Subject: Ramadan Songs

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  16 Nov 2001
From: Michael Akard <michael_akard at hotmail.com>
Subject: Ramadan Songs

Kuwait and some of the other Arabian Gulf countries have a children's
holiday within Ramadan. In Kuwait, it is called "Girgiyaan," and
Kuwaitis compare it to Halloween because children dress in special
clothes and go door-to-door (mostly to relatives) collecting gifts of
money and candy. There are special songs associated with this holiday
as well. The one I have heard begins:

Girgiyaan o Girgiyaan, beit aqSayer wa-l-meidhaan

'adat 'aleykum Siyaam, kull sana wa kull 'aam

Michael Akard
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date:  16 Nov 2001
From: Haroon Shirwani <haroon.shirwani at st-johns.oxford.ac.uk>
Subject: Ramadan Songs

Hi,

The Canadian singer Dawud Wharnsby has recorded a very popular song
about Ramadan called "So we've scanned the sky...". Try
www.soundvision.com and click on 'Islamic Songs'. It's in the "Colors
of Islam" album.

Yours,
Haroon Shirwani

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  16 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Fri Nov 16 23:47:50 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Fri, 16 Nov 2001 16:47:50 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:Quran query
Message-ID: <FRI.16.NOV.2001.164750.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Fri 16 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Quran query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  16 Nov 2001
From: Frantz <erkidego at yahoo.com>
Subject: Quran query

Some one mentioned weeks ago that the Qur'an is free of charge.  So, can
someone tell me where can I get a good edition of the Qur'an with text in
Arabic?  I need one.  I am also looking for a copy of the Qur'an recited in
CD.

Shukran

Frantz
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  16 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Fri Nov 16 23:49:32 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Fri, 16 Nov 2001 16:49:32 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:encoding query
Message-ID: <FRI.16.NOV.2001.164932.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Fri 16 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: encoding query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  16 Nov 2001
From: quote at swlocalization.com (through AATA)
Subject: encoding query

[please respond directly to requester.  If it seems interesting, post
it here too.  Dil]

>  Dear John Eisele
>
>  I am a general manager of US based software localization company. Facing
>  many requests for the localization into Arabic language, we are facing a
>  very difficult question as to which language code to use. We found very
>  useful information on your Web site about Modern Standard Arabic used in
>  all printed and written information, but while using the Microsoft Word,
>  there are several inscription choices, like Arabic (Algeria), Arabic
>  (Egypt) etc, but nothing that points out to any STANDARD written language.
>  We would greatly appreciate if you can point us into right direction as to
>  which language setting to use in our translation and localization process,
>  or it maybe doesn't matter at all?
>
>  We are looking forward to hearing from you soon
>
>
>  Sincerely
>  Laurent Kalisz
>  Project manager
>
>  Eclectic Communications USA
>  2828 University Avenue
>  Suite 105
>  San Diego, CA 92104
>
>  Phone: (619) 299-2836
>  Fax: (619) 299-2837
>
>  <http://www.swlocalization.com>http://www.swlocalization.com
>

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  16 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Fri Nov 16 23:50:46 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Fri, 16 Nov 2001 16:50:46 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LIT:Arabic writing and printing history queries
Message-ID: <FRI.16.NOV.2001.165046.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Fri 16 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Arabic writing and printing history queries

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  16 Nov 2001
From: Christina Capurro Sand <csand at sharewonder.org>
Subject: Arabic writing and printing history queries

What was the state of the Arabic writing system at the time of Gutenberg?

When was Arabic first typeset?

When was literature first mass produced via typeset Arabic writing?

What problems did the Arabic writing systems have in typesetting?

What was the influence of the Koran vis-a-vis simplifying the Arabic
alphabet with a view towards typesetting?

Can modern day Arabic readers read the Arabic of the Koran?

Sorry to bombard you with questions.  I'm not an Arabic or linguistic
scholar, although I do have a degree in Latin & Greek.

It's just that I've become fascinated by the impact of alphabets on mass
literacy.

Thanks so much for your time!

Christina Capurro Sand
Sharing Wonder
URL:  http://www.sharewonder.org
E-mail: csand at sharewonder.org
Saratoga, CA

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  16 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Fri Nov 16 23:51:56 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Fri, 16 Nov 2001 16:51:56 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:new article
Message-ID: <FRI.16.NOV.2001.165156.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Fri 16 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: new article

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  16 Nov 2001
From: reposted from LINGUIST
Subject: new article

Subject:  Table of Contents: Babel 46:3 (2000)

Moheiddin A. Homeidi
Syntactic Competence as a Prerequisite for Translation: Evidence from the
Arabic English Paradigm

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  16 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Fri Nov 23 23:04:03 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Fri, 23 Nov 2001 16:04:03 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:Arabic Bibles reference (cont. of emphasis)
Message-ID: <FRI.23.NOV.2001.160403.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Fri 23 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Arabic Bibles reference (cont. of emphasis)

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  23 Nov 2001
From: "Schub, Michael" <michael.schub at trincoll.edu>
Subject: Arabic Bibles reference (cont. of emphasis)

  Hi Tim,
      You might also be interested in Thompson, John A.
*The Major Arabic Bibles*  Amer. Bible Society, NY  1956.

                                         Mike Schub

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  23 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Fri Nov 23 23:10:57 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Fri, 23 Nov 2001 16:10:57 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:Good Ramadan Songs Site
Message-ID: <FRI.23.NOV.2001.161057.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Fri 23 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Good Ramadan Songs Site

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  23 Nov 2001
From: mughazy <mughazy at students.uiuc.edu>
Subject: Good Ramadan Songs Site

Hi
I am sorry for the late respose, but I just found something that might be
useful.
www.egyptiancastle.com
This is one of best sites about Egypt and it has a good lot of Egyptian
Ramadan songs including wahawy ya wahawy, Ramadaan gaana, iSHa ya nayem,
marHab shahr essoom, and many others. the songs are not for download, but you
can at least listen. I am not aware of any site that has a better collection
of ramadan songs.
Hope you find what you need
Ramadan kareem

Mustafa A. Mughazy
Graduate student
Depatment of Linguistics
University of Illinois
Urbana Champaign

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  23 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Fri Nov 23 22:58:06 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Fri, 23 Nov 2001 15:58:06 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:Kritzeck book reference query
Message-ID: <FRI.23.NOV.2001.155806.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Fri 23 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Kritzeck book reference query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  23 Nov 2001
From: Joan Smith/Kocamahhul <j.smith at ling.canterbury.ac.nz>
Subject: Kritzeck book reference query


Apologies for cross-posting.
Recently (the second half of this year?), I came across a reference
cited in one of the lists I subscribe to, I'm assuming one of the
Arabic-related lists I subscribe to.
The reference was:

Kritzeck, J. 1964. Arab-speaking [sic] Christians. New York: Holt,
Rineholt [sic. Rinehart?] and Winston.

I have been unable to find a book of this name on the web, and the
library has been unable to find it so that I can interloan it. Can
someone please help me track down a more accurate reference for this
work?  Feel free to recommend others on the subject. :-)

Thanks
--
Joan Smith/Kocamahhul
Department of Linguistics
University of Canterbury
Private Bag 4800
Christchurch
NEW ZEALAND

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  23 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Fri Nov 23 22:59:45 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Fri, 23 Nov 2001 15:59:45 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:attitude query
Message-ID: <FRI.23.NOV.2001.155945.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Fri 23 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: attitude query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  23 Nov 2001
From: shawky <shawky at aucegypt.edu>
Subject: Arabic acquisition and attitude
Subject: attitude query

Dear colleagues,
-Can anyone explain the sudden increase of learners wanting to acquire
Arabic?,also is it necessary to have a psitive attitude to learn the language
successly?
Nehad Shawky
MATAFL
American University in Cairo

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  23 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Fri Nov 23 23:02:44 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Fri, 23 Nov 2001 16:02:44 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:Basic Noun Phrase Query
Message-ID: <FRI.23.NOV.2001.160244.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Fri 23 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Basic Noun Phrase Query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  23 Nov 2001
From: Mohamed Noamany <mfn at cs.nmsu.edu>
Subject: Basic Noun Phrase Query

Hi,
	I need to know the definition of base noun phrase
in Arabic. I appreciate any refrences or answers.
Thanks,
	Mohamed F. Noamany
	Speech & Language Processing
	BBN Technologies

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  23 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Fri Nov 23 22:59:00 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Fri, 23 Nov 2001 15:59:00 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:TRANS:allaah
Message-ID: <FRI.23.NOV.2001.155900.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Fri 23 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: allaah

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  23 Nov 2001
From: Farghaly01 at aol.com
Subject: allaah

  The recent postings on the distinction between ?/allaah/, /rabb/ and
/ilaah/ are very interesting and intriguing. As was said and
demonstrated all three, as well as many others,  are used to refer to
God. I will dwell here on some distinctions I find interesting in the
linguistic distribution and behavior of each.

1.  The word ?allaah/  exhibits  unique morphological and syntactic properties:

a.  It is a definite NP and   thus can  form an Arabic sentence when
followed by an indefinite adjective as in /allaahu kabiirun/ and form
an NP when followed by a definite Adjective such as  /allaahu
rraHiimu/.

b.  Although it begins with the alif laam (the Arabic definite
article) but  it is the only word in Arabic where  the alif laam is
inseparable. Hence  the ungrammaticality of /*laah/.  It is the only
word in Arabic that  incorporates the definite article such that the
definte article is lexicalized and has become an integral part of the
lexical item.


c.  It  does not occur  as  a  first term of an idaafa construct,
which points out to its definiteness.

d.  It  does not accept Pronominal clitics.


e.  Although is is a singular masculine noun, it does not allow
morphological inflection such as dual, plural or  feminine markers.

2.  The morphological properties of the word /ilaah/  differs
drastically from those of the word /allaah/. Consider:

a.  It can be either definite or indefinite as in /ilaah/ , al-ilaah/

b.  It  inflects for gender as  in /venus ilaahatu aljamaal/ ?Venus,
the goddess of beauty?. It also inflects for number as in /ilaahaan,
ilaahayn/ and the masculine broken plural /?aaliha/.


c.  accepts pronominal clitics as in /ilaahukum/ , /ilaahuna/

3.  The word /rabb/ is similar in its morphological and synatcic
behavior to the word /ilaah/. Consider
a.  It inflects for gender and number. E.g. /rabbatu baytin/ ?a
housewife. It has broken plural ??arbaab?
b.  It accepts an optional  definite article as in /alrabbu waaHidun/
?God is unique?.
c.  It accepts pronominal suffixes and can occur  as the first term
if an idaafa construct.

4.  There are important semantic and usage differences. This may also
go under implications for teaching Arabic. I would tell my students
the following:

a.  use ?allaah? whenever you are referring to the image of God as
presented in monotheistic religions.

b.  The word ?ilaah? can be used to refer to God as envisioned by any
group or thinking. So it used in Arabic and in the Quran to refer to
the idols which  were worshipped in Mecca before Islam. Similarily
The word is appropriately used to refer to Greek gods and goddesses.

c.  The word /rabb/ has  a wider meaning as in /rabbu l?usra/ ?the
head of the family? and /rabbu alsamaawati wa l?arDi? ?creator of the
space and land, and ?rabbu lbayti? ?the owner of the house.

Finally we visual the semantic relationship among the three words as
a continuum starting from the general to the specifci as follows :

Rabb ? ilaah ? allaah

Ali Farghaly
Senior Linguist
YY Technologies

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  23 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Fri Nov 23 23:04:42 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Fri, 23 Nov 2001 16:04:42 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:TRANS:placebo query
Message-ID: <FRI.23.NOV.2001.160442.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Fri 23 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: placebo query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  23 Nov 2001
From: "Kenneth K. Ayouby" <sm-kka at visitus.net>
Subject: placebo query

Dear List Members,

Aside from "dawaa' wahmi" or "'ilaaj badiil" for the term placebo,
what other terms might members be familiar with? Any notions for
"placebo effect"?  "ta'-thiir wahmi" (or kaadhib)?

Anyone familiar with a term for a similar concept to placebo in
medieval Arabic medical texts? I am thinking also of alchemy and its
"spiritual" connections to Sufism, and the potential for the presence
of a "placebo" concept.

Any ideas?

Many thanks.

Kenneth K. Ayouby

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  23 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Fri Nov 23 23:07:01 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Fri, 23 Nov 2001 16:07:01 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LIT:Arabic Writing and Printing Response
Message-ID: <FRI.23.NOV.2001.160701.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Fri 23 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Arabic Writing and Printing Response
2) Subject: Arabic Writing and Printing Response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  23 Nov 2001
From: DLNewman <d.newman at planetinternet.be>
Subject: Arabic Writing and Printing Response

Hello,

- In Gutenberg's day (first half of 15th century), there was no Arabic
printing anywhere in the world.
- Arabic typeset books were first produced on a large scale as from the
second quarter of the 19th century (mainly in Egypt and the Levant).
- Arabic typeset printing was born in Europe, in Fano (Italy) where a press
was set up by order of Pope Julius II in 1514; the oldest extant text is a
book of Christian prayers ('Kitab Salaat al-sawa'i"). The first Arabic press
to produce a series of books was the Medici press (Typographia Medicea
linguarum externarum) - named after Cardinal Ferdinando de' Medici -, which
became operational in 1585. See A. Tinto (1987): La typografia medicea
orientale, Lucca; Jos?e Balagna (1984): L'imprimerie arabe en Occident (XVI,
XVII et XVIII si?cles), Paris; Bonola Bey (1909): "Note sur l'origine de la
premi?re imprimerie arabe en Europe", Bulletin de l'Institut fran?ais
d'Egypte, 5? s?rie, III:1.
- The first Arabic printing press in a Muslim country was set up in Aleppo
(1702), though the St Antony monastery in Qazhayya (Lebanon) already had a
Syriac press in 1610 (the only output was an Arabic psalter printed in
Syriac characters - the so-called 'Garshuunii'). The Aleppo press was
followed by others in al-Shuwayr (Lebanon), in 1734, and Beirut (1751).
See J.Nasrallah (1958): "L'imprimerie au Liban", Beirut; Khalil Sabat
(1958): "Tarikh al-Tiba'a fi 'l-sharq al-'Arabi", Cairo; Encyclopaedia of
Islam, 2nd ed., s.v. "Matba'a" (G. Oman/G?nay Alpay Kut), "Djarida" (B.
Lewis-Ch. Pellat/P.M. Holt/P. Hitti).
- In Turkey, the first Arabic press was set up in 1727. See W. Heinz in
Wiener Zeitschrift der Kunde des Morgenlandes (WZKM), 61, 1967, pp. 68ff.;
G. Weil (1907): "Die ersten Dr?cke der T?rken", Zentralblatt f?r
Bibliothekwesen, 24, pp. 49-61; Encyclopaedia of Islam 2nd ed., s.v.
"Ibrahim M?teferriqa" (Niyazi Berkes).
- In Egypt the first Arabic presses arrived with Napoleon's invasion force.
In 1822, Muhammad Ali set up a printing press at Bulaq. See Encyclopaedia of
Islam, s.v. "Bulaq" (J. Jomier); A. Ridwan (1953): Tarikh matba'at Bulaq wa
lamha 'an tarikh al-tiba'a fi buldan al-sharq al-awsat, Cairo. For the early
output of the Bulaq press, see J. T. Reinaud in Journal Asiatique, 2? s?rie,
VIII, 1831, pp. 333-44; T. X. Bianchi in Journal Asiatique, iv: 2? s?rie,
1843, pp. 24-60. On printing and presses during the French occupation, see
A. Wassef (1975): L'information et la presse officielle en Egypte jusqu'? la
fin de l'occupation fran?aise, Cairo.
- In Algeria, the first lithographed Arabic characters were used for the
bilingual newspaper 'Le Moniteur alg?rien" in January 1832, with typography
being introduced on 28 July of that year (No. 26). See A. Merad, "La
formation de la presse musulmane en Alg?rie", IBLA, 105, pp. 10-11;
Christiane Souriau-Hoebrechts (1975), "La presse maghr?bine.
Libye-Tunisie-Maroc-Alg?rie, Paris.
- In Morocco: lithography was introduced in the mid-1860s (Mekn?s, F?s). The
first book was "al-Shama'il al-Muhammadiyya" by the 9th-century scholar
al-Tirmidhi. See M. Mannuni (1965): "al-Tibaa'a al-hajariyya al-Fasiyya",
Titwaan, X, pp. 132-75; G. Ayach (1964): "L'apparition de l'imprimerie au
Maroc", Hesp?ris-Tamuda, V, pp. 143-61; E. L?vi-Proven?al (1921): "Essai de
r?pertoire chronolique des ?ditions de F?s", Revue Africaine, pp. 158ff.
- In Tunisia, Arabic typography was first used in 1860; the first book to be
printed was a military manual entitled 'al-Misbah al-musfir fi tartib
al-'askar' (February 1860, 32pp.), whereas the first issue of the official
Gazette, 'al-Raa'id al-Tunisi', came off the press in July (22/4 Muharram
1266) of that year. However, the first lithographed Arabic book had appeared
in the country in 1849; it was the Arabic translation of a theological work
written by a French priest by the name of Fran?ois Bourgade (who had also
set up the press) and was entitled "al-Muhawara al-ula bayn al-ukht
al-fadila wa 'l-mufti fi 'l-farq bayn al-mar'a al-Nasraniyya wa 'l-muslima
wa munazara fi 'l-Injil" ('First dialogue between the venerable Sister and
the Mufti on the difference between the Christian and Muslim women and an
exchange of views on the Gospel'), the second part of which ("al-Kitab
althani min musaamaraat Qartajanna") appeared in the same year. The original
French text was entitled "Les Soir?es de Carthage, ou dialogues entre un
pr?tre catholique, un muphti et un cadi" (Paris, Firmin-Didot, 1847,
192pp.). The first official lithograph press was set up in 1857, with the
'Fundamental Pact' ('al-'ahd al-aman') being the first product. See M.
Chenoufi (1974): Le probl?me des origines de l'imprimerie et de la prese
arabes en Tunisie dans sa relation avec la Renaissance 'Nahda' (1847-1887),
2 vols, Lille.
It is interesting to note that in many Muslim countries (except for Tunisia
and Morocco), lithography was introduced AFTER typeset printing: e.g. Turkey
(1803), Persia (1828), Egypt (1838).
- In Libya, the first Arabic typeset text (the first issue of the offical
Gazette, "Tarabulus al-Gharb") was printed in 1866 in Tripoli.

I hope this is of some use to you.

With kind regards,

Daniel Newman

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date:  23 Nov 2001
From: "Henry C. Farrell" <charfar at worldnet.att.net>
Subject: Arabic Writing and Printing Response

  To Christina and interested others--

George Saliba in his short 1999 book, Rethinking the Roots of Modern
Science, refers to the first Arabic press in 1514 in Fano on the
Western shore of the Adriatic.  He then builds the case for European
desire for Arabic language astronomical works as being one motivation
for the the press. Evidently this press actually produced books.

It's my impression that Arabic presses have been used to produce
newspapers and books for a long time, but that calligraphy has also
been used until very recent times.  Richard Reeves in his 1984 book,
Passage to Peshawar, gives a short discription of the process used in
one newpaper office.  Calligraphers wrote the beautiful Arabic script
onto column wide transparent sheets which were pasted up and
photographed to make the printing plates.  Perhaps some of members of
the list could say more about when typeset printing became "the norm".

It seems that many text books for young beginning readers in Arabic
speaking countries are produced using hand calligraphy (and, for
example, Bedwiy's series of books for Arabic as a second language
teaching has a first year book in calligraphy and following books are
typeset). Could it be that the reason for this is that calligraphy is
easier for inexperienced Arabic readers to read? Perhaps members of
the list with experience in this field can comment.

Charlotte Farrell
fmr student of Arabic
Charfar at worldnet.att.net

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From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Fri Nov 23 22:57:10 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Fri, 23 Nov 2001 15:57:10 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:NACAL 30 Announcement
Message-ID: <FRI.23.NOV.2001.155710.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Fri 23 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: NACAL 30 Announcement

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  23 Nov 2001
From: Robin Thelwall <eubule at telusplanet.net>
Subject: NACAL 30 Announcement

NACAL 30 - N. American Conference on Afroasiatic Linguistics
NACAL 30 will be held in Houston from 22-24 March 2002.  Papers and
participation are open to all interested scholars.  Topics of papers
should include some aspect of an Afroasiatic language.

This is also the venue for the American Oriental Society 22-25 March
Please email Robin Thelwall  <eubule at telusplanet.net> for further
details

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  23 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Sat Nov 24 00:11:21 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Fri, 23 Nov 2001 17:11:21 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:Getting a digest version of Arabic-L
Message-ID: <FRI.23.NOV.2001.171121.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Fri 23 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Getting a digest version of Arabic-L

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  23 Nov 2001
From: moderator
Subject: Getting a digest version of Arabic-L

For those who would like to get a daily 'digest' version of Arabic-L,
with all the messages squeezed into a single daily message (if there
are messages that day, of course), try sending a message to:

listserv at listserv.byu.edu

with the message:

set arabic-l mail digest

The message needs to be sent from the same e-mail address to which
you are subscribed.

Dil
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  23 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov 28 21:41:59 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 28 Nov 2001 14:41:59 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING&PEDA:Various Queries
Message-ID: <WED.28.NOV.2001.144159.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 28 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Tutor in Dallas/Fort Worth area
2) Subject: Electronic Arabic name corpus query
3) Subject: Mac-based software query
3) Subject: 'ayy grammar query

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  28 Nov 2001
From: Dil Parkinson <dil at byu.edu>
Subject: Tutor in Dallas/Fort Worth area

A student who has studied Arabic for 3 semesters is looking for a
tutor (or program) in the Dallas/Fort Worth area to continue his
studies starting in January.  Please contact me directly at
dil at byu.edu and I will pass on your information to him.
Thanks,
Dil

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
Date:  28 Nov 2001
From: Dil Parkinson <dil at byu.edu>
Subject: Electronic Arabic name corpus query

A company called and asked about the availability of an electronic
database/corpus of Arabic names.  They are interested both in any
available free corpora of names, and also in any commercially
available lists (i.e. they are willing to pay).  I thought the answer
to this query might interest some on the list, so I'll ask you simply
to respond to the list.
Thanks,
Dil

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
3)
Date:  28 Nov 2001
From: "David B. Wohl" <dbwohl at home.com>
Subject: Mac-based software query

[please respond directly to the requester]

It was suggested that I contact you regarding
obtaining Mac-based software for learning to read Arabic.   I would be
grateful for any info you may have in this regard, whether it is your
software or someone else's that you suggest.
Thank you very much for your feedback.
Sincerely,

David Wohl

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
4)
Date:  28 Nov 2001
From: Paul Roochnik <paul at TranslationGuy.com>
Subject: 'ayy grammar query

Regarding the Arabic interjection AYY, meaning "that is to say" or
"i.e.":  I seem to remember that any noun which directly follows AYY
must take the accusative (mansoub) ending.  Am I imagining this or is
this true?  Thanks and cheers from Abu Sammy.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  28 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov 28 21:42:48 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 28 Nov 2001 14:42:48 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:UofOklahoma Job
Message-ID: <WED.28.NOV.2001.144248.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 28 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: UofOklahoma Job

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  28 Nov 2001
From: Joshua Landis <landis at ou.edu>
Subject: UofOklahoma Job

Phillips Petroleum Professorship in Arabic Language and Literature

The University of Oklahoma seeks to fill the Phillips Petroleum Professorship
in Arabic Language and Literature, at the entry-level, tenure track.  The
candidate will teach five courses per year, including introductory and
intermediate Arabic.  This position will hold a joint appointment in the
School of International and Area Studies and the Department of Modern
Languages, Literature and Linguistics.  The appointment begins 16 August
2002.  Salary will be competitive.  Applicants should have, or be close to
completion of a Ph.D..  Send a letter of interest, c.v., graduate transcripts,
a writing sample and three letters of recommendation to:  Search Committee,
Phillips Professorship of Arabic Language and Literature, School of
International and Area Studies, University of Oklahoma, 729 Elm, room 207,
Norman Oklahoma, 73019.  Screening begins 1 February 2002 and continues until
the position is filled.  The University of Oklahoma is an equal opportunity
employer.  For more information, please visit our websites at: www.ou.edu/sias
or www.ou.edu/cas/modlang.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  28 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov 28 21:43:42 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 28 Nov 2001 14:43:42 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:UCSanta Barbara Job
Message-ID: <WED.28.NOV.2001.144342.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 28 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: UCSanta Barbara Job

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  28 Nov 2001
From: Carol Genetti <linchair at linguistics.ucsb.edu>
Subject: UCSanta Barbara Job

** POSITION AVAILABLE **
Please note that we are actively accepting applications for the
following position, which will remain open until filled. Interviews
will be conducted at the meetings of the American Anthropological
Association on 11/29-12/1/2001, the Linguistic Society of America on
1/3-1/5/2002, and the International Conference on Austronesian
Linguistics  on 1/8-1/11/2002.

University of California, Santa Barbara. The UCSB Linguistics
Department seeks to hire a specialist in social and/or cultural
approaches to language. The appointment will be tenure-track at the
Assistant Professor level, effective July 1, 2002. Candidates should
have an active research program in their area of specialization.
Experience in social/cultural research incorporating linguistic
analysis of naturally occurring language use is essential. We are
especially interested in candidates whose research shows theoretical
implications for one or more related disciplines such as
anthropology, sociology, or cognitive science, as well as
linguistics, and who can interact with colleagues and students in
interdisciplinary programs at UCSB such as Language, Interaction, and
Social Organization (LISO) and Cognitive Science. Candidates should
have demonstrated excellence in teaching, and will be expected to
teach a range of courses at graduate and undergraduate levels,
including courses in linguistic anthropology and sociolinguistics.
Ph.D. normally required by the time of appointment. Applicants should
submit curriculum vitae, statement of research interests, 1-2 samples
of published work, and full contact information for three academic
references to the Search Committee, Linguistics Department, UCSB,
Santa Barbara, CA 93106. Inquiries may be addressed to the above
address or via email to lingsearch at linguistics.ucsb.edu. Tentative
deadline November 15, 2001; the position will remain open until
filled. Preliminary interviews will be conducted at the annual
meetings of the American Anthropological Association, the
International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics, and the
Linguistic Society of America, although attendance is not required
for consideration. Our department has a genuine commitment to
diversity; members of underrepresented groups are especially
encouraged to apply. UCSB is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action
employer.

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From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov 28 21:44:26 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 28 Nov 2001 14:44:26 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:PEDA:Oberlin Job
Message-ID: <WED.28.NOV.2001.144426.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 28 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Oberlin Job

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  28 Nov 2001
From: Frances Hasso <Frances.Hasso at oberlin.edu>
Subject: Oberlin Job

FACULTY VACANCY

MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA, 19th AND 20th CENTURIES

DISCIPLINARY FIELD OPEN

Oberlin College invites applications for a full-time, tenure-track faculty
position in the College of Arts and Sciences in the Middle East/North
Africa (MENA) region, from the mid-19th century to the present.  The
initial appointment to this position will be for a term of four years,
beginning Fall Semester 2002, and will carry the rank of Assistant
Professor or higher.

The incumbent must be able to provide a broad coverage of the historical,
cultural, political and social trends in the MENA region.  Excellent
language proficiency in a regional language; training in the region s
broader history; extensive experience conducting research in the region;
and command of current methods and interdisciplinary approaches in the
relevant fields of MENA, are expected.  The incumbent will be located in an
appropriate disciplinary department or program and will teach five courses
annually, including introductory, intermediate, and advanced undergraduate
courses.  He or she will also be expected to participate in the full range
of faculty responsibilities, including academic advising, service on
committees, and sustained scholarly research and/or other creative work
appropriate to the position.

Among the qualifications desired for the appointment is the Ph.D. degree
(in hand or expected by Fall Semester 2002).  Candidates must demonstrate
interest and potential excellence in undergraduate teaching.  Successful
teaching experience at the college level is desirable.

To be assured of consideration, a letter of application, including a
curriculum vitae, graduate academic transcripts, available course syllabi,
and at least three letters of reference, should be submitted by January 15,
2002, to Associate Dean Grover Zinn, Chair, MENA Search Committee, 101 Cox
Administration Building, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH  44074-1090
(grover.zinn at oberlin.edu or fax:  440-775-6662).  Application materials
received after that date may be considered until the position is filled.
Salary will depend on qualifications and experience.

Oberlin College is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer with a
strong institutional commitment to the development of a climate that
supports equality of opportunity and respect of differences based on
gender, ethnicity, disability, and sexual orientation. Oberlin was the
first coeducational institution to grant bachelor's degrees to women and
historically has been a leader in the education of African-Americans; the
college was also among the first to prohibit discrimination based on sexual
orientation. In that spirit, we are particularly interested in receiving
applications from individuals who would contribute to the diversity of our
faculty.


--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  28 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov 28 21:46:00 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 28 Nov 2001 14:46:00 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LIT:Arabic Translation Award Announcement
Message-ID: <WED.28.NOV.2001.144600.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 28 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Arabic Translation Award Announcement

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  28 Nov 2001
From: Suzanne Smith <sesmith at uark.edu>
Subject: Arabic Translation Award Announcement

The King Fahd Center for Middle East and Islamic Studies
and
The University of Arkansas Press announce the first annual

Arkansas Arabic Translation Award

The award carries a $5000 prize for the translator or translators and a
$5000 prize for the original author, if living.  The University of
Arkansas Press will publish the award-winning translation.  Runners-up
may also be considered for publication.  Submissions must not be under
contract with another press.

The competition for 2001-2002 will focus on the modern era (19th century
to the present).  Suitable entries may include works of fiction (either
prose or poetry) or non-fiction works in the literary tradition (such as
memoirs, theoretical writings, essays, or travel literature).  The focus
of the competition will alternate each year between modern and
pre-modern works.  The first competition for translations of pre-modern
Arabic literature will be held in 2002-2003.  All submissions will be
judged blindly by a three-person jury of distinguished
scholar-translators chosen from outside the University of Arkansas
system.  Different juries will judge translations of modern and
pre-modern texts.  Current students, faculty, or staff of the University
of Arkansas, their spouses, or immediate family members are not eligible
to submit translations. Original authors may not submit their own
translations.

Entries for the 2001-2002 award must be received by April 1, 2002. The
winner will be announced in November 2002, in conjunction will the
annual Middle East Studies Association meeting.  Entrants should submit
four copies of the translation with all contact information on a cover
letter.

Please direct all submissions to:

Arkansas Arabic Translation Award
King Fahd Center for Middle East and Islamic Studies
University of Arkansas
202 Old Main
Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701

Phone: (501) 575-4157
E-mail: sesmith at uark.edu

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  28 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov 28 21:46:53 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 28 Nov 2001 14:46:53 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:TRANS:placebo response
Message-ID: <WED.28.NOV.2001.144653.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 28 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: placebo response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  28 Nov 2001
From: Farouk Mustafa <fawm at midway.uchicago.edu>
Subject: placebo response

Instead of "wahmi" which has negative connotations, perhaps one can
think of "ihaa'i" in the sense of "suggestive" which can work for
placebo: dawa' ihaa'i and placebo effect: ta'thiir ihaa'i.  Hope that
helps.
Farouk

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
End of Arabic-L:  28 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov 28 21:47:46 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 28 Nov 2001 14:47:46 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:GEN:printing Arabic
Message-ID: <WED.28.NOV.2001.144746.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Arabic-L: Wed 28 Nov 2001
Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <dilworth_parkinson at byu.edu>
[To post messages to the list, send them to arabic-l at byu.edu]
[To unsubscribe, send message to listserv at byu.edu with first line reading:
           unsubscribe arabic-l                                      ]

-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: printing Arabic

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  28 Nov 2001
From: balderos at helios.unive.it
Subject: printing Arabic

About this topic, al-jadiir bi-l-dhikr the first printed edition of the
Qor'an in Venice (Italy), 1537-8. A copy of this Qor'an is in the library
of Franciscan Friars in Venice.
See: Maurice Borrmans, Observations =E0 propos de la premi=E8re =E9dition
imprim=E9e du Coran =E0 Venise, "Quaderni di studi arabi", 8 (1990), pp. 3-1=
2,
and M. Borrmans, Pr=E9sentation de la premi=E8re =E9dition imprim=E9e du=
  Coran =E0
Venise, "Quaderni di studi arabi", 9 (1991), pp. 93-126.
Salaamaat. Eros

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End of Arabic-L:  28 Nov 2001


From Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu  Wed Nov 28 21:51:29 2001
From: Dilworth_Parkinson at byu.edu (Dilworth B. Parkinson)
Date: Wed, 28 Nov 2001 14:51:29 -0700
Subject: Arabic-L:LING:Basic Noun Phrase responses
Message-ID: <WED.28.NOV.2001.145129.0700.DILWORTHPARKINSON@BYU.EDU>

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Arabic-L: Wed 28 Nov 2001
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-------------------------Directory-------------------------------------

1) Subject: Basic Noun Phrase response
2) Subject: Basic Noun Phrase response

-------------------------Messages--------------------------------------
1)
Date:  28 Nov 2001
From: "Schub, Michael" <michael.schub at trincoll.edu>
Subject: Basic Noun Phrase response

Dear M,
      I would guess:  /ta9biirah  ismiyyah  'asaasiyyah/.
See *Dictionary of Modern Linguistic Terms*
by Bakallah, et al. Beirut  1983.

      Best wishes,
                                   Mike Schub

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2)
Date:  28 Nov 2001
From: Mutarjm at aol.com
Subject: Basic Noun Phrase response

Greetings / tahaiya tayyiba wa b3ad...
Hiyaakum Allah jamii3aan...
Base (basic) noun phrase:
t3biirat ismiiya asaasiiya  (Arabic term is below, if your PC supprot that
font)

                     ?????? ????? ??????

Source: "A Dictionary of Modern Linguistic Terms," compiled by a Committee of
Arab Linguists (Bakalla. Al-Kasimi, Al-Rayyih, Saad, Sieny) and later revised
by Bakalla, Bishr, Al-Sahalakani, Sieny and Al-Toma)
Alternative (shown in another reference) for t3biira is 3baart =  ?????
Beirut: Librairie du Liban, 1983
HTH. Glad to assist with other such terms, any time...ahalan wa sahalan...
Khair, in sha' Allah.
Regards from Los Angeles,
Stephen H. Franke
e-mail: < mutarjm at aol.com >

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End of Arabic-L:  28 Nov 2001