<HTML><BODY style="word-wrap: break-word; -khtml-nbsp-mode: space; -khtml-line-break: after-white-space; "><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">------------------------------------------------------------------------</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Arabic-L: Fri 15 Dec 2006</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <<A href="mailto:dilworth_parkinson@byu.edu">dilworth_parkinson@byu.edu</A>></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">[To post messages to the list, send them to <A href="mailto:arabic-l@byu.edu">arabic-l@byu.edu</A>]</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">[To unsubscribe, send message from same address you subscribed from to</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><A href="mailto:listserv@byu.edu">listserv@byu.edu</A> with first line reading:</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> unsubscribe arabic-l ]</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">-------------------------Directory------------------------------------</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">1) Subject:Cairo Linguist Group Lecture</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">-------------------------Messages-----------------------------------</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">1)</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Date: 15 Dec 2006</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">From:Madiha Doss <<A href="mailto:madihadoss@yahoo.com">madihadoss@yahoo.com</A>></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Subject:Cairo Linguist Group Lecture</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; ">[I've been having trouble with Arabic coming through. I'll put the English first, and the Arabic second. -dil]</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 20px/normal Verdana; min-height: 24px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="6"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 20px;"><B>CAIRO LINGUISTS GROUP</B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;">and the </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana" size="5"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px;"><B>Arab African Research Center</B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 14px/normal Verdana; min-height: 17px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma">are inviting you to a lecture (in Arabic) by</FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"> </FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Verdana; min-height: 15px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><B>Richard Jacquemont</B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma">(Aix-en-Provence)</FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Tahoma; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><B>“Towards a sociology of translation from and to Arabic.”</B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">(abstract attached)</SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 16px/normal Verdana; min-height: 19px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma">at the </FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="text-decoration: underline;"><B>new</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"> headquarters of the Arab & African Research Center:</FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma">5 Hassan Barada Street, Giza, (side street off the previous address</FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana"> Qura Ibn Shureik Street</FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma">), ground floor, Apt. 5. Tel. 7744644</FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 16px/normal Tahoma; min-height: 19px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px; text-decoration: underline;"><B>Saturday, 23</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13.3333px; text-decoration: underline;"><B>rd</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px; text-decoration: underline;"><B> December 2006, at 6 p.m.</B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 14px/normal Tahoma; min-height: 17px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma">PLEASE COME ON TIME.</FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"> </FONT></DIV><P align="center" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> </P><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma">ABSTRACT</FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-align: auto;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma">The study of translation, long marginalized and dominated by literary studies (e.g. George Steiner, After Babel) or linguistic studies (e.g. Georges Mounin, Les problèmes linguistiques de la traduction) was only established as an academic subject towards the end of the 1970s, with the "école du polysystème", around José Lambert (Belgium), Gideon Toury and Itamar Even-Zohar (Israël). In the 1980s and 1990s it was considerably developed, especially the British/American Translation Studies, linked at the same time with postcolonial and cultural studies. Going beyond the intertextual approach of translation and underlining the importance of the context of exchanges and the reception of translations, these new approaches permitted to show how the processes of translation are determined by the relations of domination between languages and cultures. These approaches have been recently enriched by studies inspired by Bourdieu’s sociology (Pascale Casanova, Gisèle Sapiro). Having worked for some time with this perspective I will attempt to draw conclusions from my research in this domain (the sociology of translation from and to Arabic) and make some suggestions for a future programme of research.</FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"> </FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Tahoma; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Times New Arabic; min-height: 15px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="7"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 26px;"><B>جماعة</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="7"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 26px;"><B> </B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="7"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 26px;"><B>اللغويين</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="7"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 26px;"><B> </B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="7"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 26px;"><B>في</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="7"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 26px;"><B> </B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="7"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 26px;"><B>القاهرة</B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="5"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px;"><B> </B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="5"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px;"><B>و</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="5"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px;"><B> </B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="5"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px;"><B>مركز</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="5"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px;"><B> </B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="5"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px;"><B>البحوث</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="5"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px;"><B> </B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="5"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px;"><B>العربية</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="5"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px;"><B> </B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="5"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px;"><B>و</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="5"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px;"><B> </B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="5"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px;"><B>الإفريقية</B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-align: right;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 14px/normal Tahoma; min-height: 17px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">نتشرف</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">بدعوتكم</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">لحضور</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">محاضرة</SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 16px/normal Tahoma; min-height: 19px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><B>ريشار</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><B> </B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><B>جاكمون</B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">(</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">إكس</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">آن</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">بروفانس</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">)</SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 14px/normal Tahoma; min-height: 17px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><B>"</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><B>علم</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><B> </B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><B>اجتماع</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><B> </B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><B>الترجمة</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><B> </B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><B>من</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><B> </B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><B>و</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><B> </B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><B>إلى</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><B> </B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><B>العربية</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><B>"</B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"> </FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma">( </FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro">باللغة</FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"> </FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro">العربية</FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"> </FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro">و</FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"> </FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro">مرافق</FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"> </FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro">الملخص</FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma">)</FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"> </FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 11px/normal Tahoma; min-height: 13px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="text-align: right;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; text-decoration: underline;">في</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; text-decoration: underline;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; text-decoration: underline;">المقر</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; text-decoration: underline;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; text-decoration: underline;">الجديد</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B> </B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><B>لمركز</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><B> </B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><B>البحوث</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><B> </B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><B>العربية</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><B> </B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><B>والأفريقية</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><B> </B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><B>5</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><B>شارع</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><B> </B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><B>المهندس</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><B> </B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><B>حسن</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><B> </B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><B>برادة</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><B>- </B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><B>متفرع</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><B> </B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><B>من</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><B> </B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><B>شارع</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><B> </B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><B>قرة</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><B> </B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><B>بن</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><B> </B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><B>شريك</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><B> -</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><B>الجيزة</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><B> </B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><B>الدور</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><B> </B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><B>الأرضي</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><B> </B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><B>شقة</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><B> 5</B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 11px/normal Tahoma; min-height: 13px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><B>تليفون</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"><B>: 7744644</B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 11px/normal Tahoma; min-height: 13px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="text-decoration: underline;">يوم</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="text-decoration: underline;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="text-decoration: underline;">السبت</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="text-decoration: underline;"> 23 </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="text-decoration: underline;">ديسمبر</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="text-decoration: underline;"> 2006</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="text-decoration: underline;"><B> </B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="text-decoration: underline;">الساعة</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="text-decoration: underline;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="text-decoration: underline;">السادسة</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="text-decoration: underline;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="text-decoration: underline;">مساءً</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="text-decoration: underline;"> </SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; text-decoration: underline;">رجاء</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; text-decoration: underline;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; text-decoration: underline;">الحضور</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; text-decoration: underline;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; text-decoration: underline;">في</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; text-decoration: underline;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; text-decoration: underline;">الموعد</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; text-decoration: underline;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; text-decoration: underline;">المحدد</SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Tahoma; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 20px/normal Verdana; min-height: 24px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 20px/normal Verdana; min-height: 24px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Verdana; min-height: 15px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><B>الملخص</B></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><B> </B></FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 23px;"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">علم</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">اجتماع</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">الترجمة</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">من</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">وإلى</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">العربية</SPAN></FONT></SPAN></DIV><DIV style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 23px;"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">إن</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">دراسة</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">الترجمة</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">التي</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">ظلت</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">لفترة</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">طويلة</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">مهمشة</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">وتخضع</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">لحكم</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">المعالجات</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">الأدبية</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> (</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">مثل</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">معالجة</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">جورج</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">شتاينر</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">في</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal; text-decoration: underline;">ما</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal; text-decoration: underline;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal; text-decoration: underline;">بعد</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal; text-decoration: underline;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal; text-decoration: underline;">بابل</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">)</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">،</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">أو</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">اللغوية</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> (</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">مثل</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">معالجة</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">جورج</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">مونان</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">في</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal; text-decoration: underline;">المشكلات</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal; text-decoration: underline;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal; text-decoration: underline;">اللغوية</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal; text-decoration: underline;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal; text-decoration: underline;">للترجمة</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">)</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">،</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">قد</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">نشأت</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">بالفعل</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">كتخصص</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">أكاديمي</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">في</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">نهاية</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">السبعينيات</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">مع</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">مدرسة</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> "</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">النظم</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">المتعددة</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">" </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">في</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">ظل</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">دراسة</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">جوزيه</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">لامبير</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> (</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">بلجيكا</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">)</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">،</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">وجيديون</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">توري</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">و</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">إيتامار</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">ايفين</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">- </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">زوهار</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> (</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">إسرائيل</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">). </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">ثم</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">تطورت</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">هذه</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">الدراسة</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">بشكل</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">هائل</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">خلال</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">الثمانينيات،</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">والتسعينيات،</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">ولا</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">سيما</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">في</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">النطاق</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">الأنجلوساكسوني</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> (</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">دراسات</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">الترجمة</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> translation studies )</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">،</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">وذلك</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">في</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">ظل</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">الارتباط</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">بدراسات</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">ما</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">بعد</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">الاستعمار</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> (postcolonial studies)</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">،</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">والدراسات</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">الثقافية</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> (cultural studies).</SPAN></FONT></SPAN></DIV><DIV style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 23px;"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">وقد</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">أتاحت</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">هذه</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">المعالجات</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">الجديدة</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">الوقوف</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">على</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">مدى</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">تحكم</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">علاقات</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">السيادة</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">بين</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">اللغات،</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">والثقافات</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">في</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">عمليات</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">الترجمة،</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">بعد</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">تجاوز</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">المعالجة</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">البينية</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">النصية</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> (</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">التناصية</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">) </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">للترجمة،</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">والتأكيد</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">على</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">أهمية</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">سياق</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">تبادل</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">وتلقي</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">الترجمات</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">. </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></DIV><DIV style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 23px;"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">وقد</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">أسهمت</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">مؤخراً</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">الأبحاث</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">المستوحاة</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">من</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">علم</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">اجتماع</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">بورديو</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> (</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">باسكال</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">كازانوفا،</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">وجيزيل</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">سابيرو</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">) </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">في</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">إثراء</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">هذه</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">المعالجات</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">. </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">وبعد</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">العمل</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">منذ</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">فترة</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">طويلة</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">في</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">إطار</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">هذا</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">المنظور</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">الأخير،</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">سوف</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">أقوم</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">باعداد</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">بيان</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">استخلاصي</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">عن</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">كل</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">ما</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">قمت</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">به</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">من</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">أبحاث</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">في</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">هذا</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">المجال</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> (</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">علم</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">اجتماع</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">الترجمة</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">من</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">وإلى</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">العربية</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">)</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">،</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">فضلاً</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">عن</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">بعض</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">المقترحات</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">لاعداد</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">برنامج</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">بحثي</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">يمكن</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">الشروع</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">في</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Geeza Pro"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">تنفيذه</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">.</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"> </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></DIV><DIV style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Verdana"><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">--------------------------------------------------------------------------</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">End of Arabic-L: 15 Dec 2006</DIV></BODY></HTML>