<HTML><BODY style="word-wrap: break-word; -khtml-nbsp-mode: space; -khtml-line-break: after-white-space; "><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">------------------------------------------------------------------------</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Arabic-L: Thu 08 Feb 2007</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <<A href="mailto:dilworth_parkinson@byu.edu">dilworth_parkinson@byu.edu</A>></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">[To post messages to the list, send them to <A href="mailto:arabic-l@byu.edu">arabic-l@byu.edu</A>]</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">[To unsubscribe, send message from same address you subscribed from to</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><A href="mailto:listserv@byu.edu">listserv@byu.edu</A> with first line reading:</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> unsubscribe arabic-l ]</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">-------------------------Directory------------------------------------</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">1) Subject:sijill and khiDamm</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">2) Subject:sijill and khiDamm</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">3) Subject:sijill and khiDamm</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">4) Subject:sijill and khiDamm</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">5) Subject:sijill and khiDamm</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">-------------------------Messages-----------------------------------</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">1)</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Date: 08 Feb 2007</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">From:Ernest McCarus <<A href="mailto:enm@umich.edu">enm@umich.edu</A>></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Subject:sijill and khiDamm</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Sijill: I understand that Arabic sijill 'record' comes from Latin sicillum/sigillum meaning "seal", as used on medals, in records, etc.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">I've seen no theories on khiDamm.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Ernest McCarus</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">--------------------------------------------------------------------------</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">2)</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Date: 08 Feb 2007</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">From:"Marco Hamam" <<A href="mailto:marco.hamam@poste.it">marco.hamam@poste.it</A>></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Subject:sijill and khiDamm</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Dear Roger,</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">after having a look to some grammars I have found something regarding your very interesting query.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">KhiDamm and sijill are part of a phenomenon that is called in the arabic grammar "az-ziyada bi-takrir Harf min al-aSl fi (al-ism) ath-thulathi".</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">There are three types of this kind of "ziyada":</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">1. doubling the 'ayn (of the triliteral pattern f-'-l --> fu''al, fi''al, fi''il, fu''ul) like in: sullam, qinnab, dinnab, zummal, HimmiS, Hilliz, tubbu' etc.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">2. doubling the lam (f-'-l --> fa'lal, fu'lul, fu'lal, fa'all, fi'all, fi'ill, fu'ull, fu'alla, fu'ulla) like in: mahdad, surdud, qu'dud, 'unbab, qu'dad, rimdid, sharabba, baladda, khiDamm, ma'add, habayy, jidabb, khidabb, sijill, jubunn, qutunn, qumudd, filizz, khabathth (al-fiDDa), Timirr, ta'iffa, durajja, talunna.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">3. doubling both 'ayn and lam (f-'-l --> fa'al'al, fu'al'al) like in: Habarbar, tabarbar, Hawarwar, SamaHmaH, duraHraH.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">(Abu Bakr Muhammad as-Sarraj an-NaHwi, al-uSul fi an-naHw, III, pp. 212-213)</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">The same phenomenon happens with quadrilitteral roots too.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Marco Hamam</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">--------------------------------------------------------------------------</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">3)</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Date: 08 Feb 2007</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">From:"Robert Ratcliffe" <<A href="mailto:ratcliffe@tufs.ac.jp">ratcliffe@tufs.ac.jp</A>></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Subject:sijill and khiDamm</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; ">sijill, I have always assumed, came from Latin sigilla or sigillum. The other I don't know about.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">--------------------------------------------------------------------------</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">4)</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Date: 08 Feb 2007</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">From:"Dr. M. Deeb" <<A href="mailto:muhammaddeeb@gmail.com">muhammaddeeb@gmail.com</A>></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Subject:sijill and khiDamm</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV> ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</DIV><DIV> | I have recently encountered the word khiDamm (sea or ocean),</DIV><DIV> | which reminded me of the word sijill (register), because of the </DIV><DIV> | shadda on the final radical. Does anybody have an explanation</DIV><DIV> | for the existence of this rather strange pattern Fi'iLL/Fi'aLL</DIV><DIV> | (why isn't is just khiDam or sijil?).</DIV><DIV> | Are there more similar words?</DIV><DIV> |</DIV><DIV> | * Rogier Visser</DIV><DIV> --------------------------</DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV> I would like to make two preliminary observations: (a) that the two patterns in question /fi'all/ and /fi'ill/ are strictly applicable to singular adjectives and nouns, and (b) that they are derived from a triliteral root, the last radical of which is doubled and incorporated. Thus /khiDamm/ and /sijill/ are from /khaDama (i & a)/ and /sajala (u)/. With the exception of the two popular examples, cited in the query, most of the illustrations I'll list below are obscure and rare terms which are usually glossed in testimonial classical texts.</DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV>I. Form /fi'all/:</DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV> <> / خدب / [khidabb]: (a) an old man; (b) sizable or huge; (c) rude and rough.</DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV> <> / هجف / [hijaff]: (a) an aging and / or hungry ostrich; (b) crude, coarse and uncouth; (c) tall and enormous.</DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV> <> / هزف / [hizaff]: (a) wild and long-feathered (ostrich); (b) brutish and unrefined.</DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV>II. Form /fi'ill/:</DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV> <> / فلز / [filizz] ( having also variant readings): a metal such as white copper, iron, lead, &ct., (b) a gadget on which swords are tested; (c) hard and rugged. (As an aside, I have an unconfirmed hunch that this term is a loanword. Perhaps, some colleagues may want to check its etymology.)</DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV>III. Form /fu'ull/. This nominal and adjectival form shares the semantic properties of the two central forms. Two examples come to mind:</DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV> <> / عتل / ['utull]: gross; mean; ignoble. </DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV> <> / صمل / [Sumull]: having a strong physical constitution, said of people and camels.</DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV><><><></DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV> Not to be outdone, Spoken Egyptian uses this latter form, or slightly modifies it: </DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV> <> / دهل / [duhull]: dumb; gullible (for both genders).</DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV> <> / جعر / [gi'irr]: eyesore; disgusting-looking person. </DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV><><><></DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV> In response to the last part of the query which raises the question of different vowelings, the qur'anic term /sijill/ (originally meaning a stone or bone for writing on, then by extension writing paper, writing, scribe, angel. Muslim exegetes read /sijill/ variously in ( يوم نطوي السماء كطيً السجل للكتب , XXI: 104). Besides the standard reading /sijill/, one would encounter the variants of /sujull/, /sajl/ and /sijl/. </DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV> I'd like to make two concluding observations:</DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV> (1) On reviewing the forms /fi'all/ and /fi'ill/, I would strongly argue that the two forms (both nominal and adjectival) often underscore negative traits in people and animals. </DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV> (2) In the light of the doubling and incorporation of the last radical, I'm persuaded to think of such adjectival patterns as supplementary intensive forms ( ملحقة بصيغ المبالغة ). </DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV> As ever, with my kind regards to my colleague, Rogier Visser. </DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV> --------</DIV><DIV> * MD</DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV>[here is the formatted version: --dil]</DIV><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="2"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px;"> ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> <B>| I have recently encountered the word khiDamm (sea or ocean),</B></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><B> | which reminded me of the word sijill (register), because of the </B></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><B> | shadda on the final radical. Does anybody have an explanation</B></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><B> | for the existence of this rather strange pattern Fi'iLL/Fi'aLL</B></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic"><B> | (why isn't is just khiDam or sijil?).</B></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic"><B> | Are there more similar words?</B></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="2"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px;"><B> |</B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic"><B> | * Rogier Visser</B></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="2"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px;"><B> --------------------------</B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"> </P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"> </P><DIV style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="2"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">I would like to make two preliminary observations: (a) that the two patterns in question /</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B>fi'all</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">/ and /</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B>fi'ill</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">/ are strictly applicable to singular adjectives and nouns, and (b) that they are derived from a triliteral root, the last radical of which is doubled and incorporated. Thus /khiDamm/ and /sijill/ are from /khaDama (i & a)/ and /sajala (u)/. With the exception of the two popular examples, cited in the query, most of the illustrations I'll list below are obscure and rare terms which are usually glossed in testimonial classical texts.</SPAN></FONT></DIV><P align="justify" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> </P><P align="justify" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> </P><DIV style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">I. Form </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B>/fi'all/:</B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><P align="justify" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> </P><DIV style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B> <> </B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">/ </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B>خدب</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> / [khidabb]: (a) an old man; (b) sizable or huge; (c) rude and rough.</SPAN></FONT></DIV><P align="justify" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="2"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> </SPAN></FONT></P><DIV style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B><></B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> / </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B>هجف</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> / [hijaff]: (a) an aging and / or hungry ostrich; (b) crude, coarse and uncouth; (c) tall and enormous.</SPAN></FONT></DIV><P align="justify" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> </P><DIV style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B><></B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> / </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B>هزف</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> / [hizaff]: (a) wild and long-feathered (ostrich); (b) brutish and unrefined.</SPAN></FONT></DIV><P align="justify" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> </P><P align="justify" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> </P><DIV style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">II. Form /</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B>fi'ill</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">/:</SPAN></FONT></DIV><P align="justify" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> </P><DIV style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B><> </B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> / </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B> فلز</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> / [filizz] ( having also variant readings): a metal such as white copper, iron, lead, &ct., (b) a gadget on which swords are tested; (c) hard and rugged. (As an aside, I have an unconfirmed hunch that this term is a loanword. Perhaps, some colleagues may want to check its etymology.)</SPAN></FONT></DIV><P align="justify" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> </P><P align="justify" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> </P><DIV style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">III. Form /</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B>fu'ull</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">/. This nominal and adjectival form shares the semantic properties of the two central forms. Two examples come to mind:</SPAN></FONT></DIV><P align="justify" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> </P><DIV style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B><></B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> / </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B>عتل</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> / ['utull]: gross; mean; ignoble. </SPAN></FONT></DIV><P align="justify" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> </P><DIV style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B><></B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> / </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B>صمل</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> / [Sumull]: having a strong physical constitution, said of people</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B> </B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">and camels</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B>.</B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><P align="justify" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> </P><P align="center" style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> </P><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B><><><></B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><P align="center" style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> </P><P align="center" style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> </P><DIV style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> Not to be outdone, Spoken Egyptian uses this latter form, or slightly modifies it: </SPAN></FONT></DIV><P align="justify" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> </P><DIV style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B> <></B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> / </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B>دهل</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> / [duhull]: dumb; gullible (for both genders).</SPAN></FONT></DIV><P align="justify" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> </P><DIV style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B><></B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> / </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B>جعر</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> / [gi'irr]: eyesore; disgusting-looking person. </SPAN></FONT></DIV><P align="justify" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> </P><P align="justify" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> </P><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B><><><></B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><P align="justify" style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> </P><P align="justify" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> </P><DIV style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="2"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="2"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> In response to the last part of the query which raises the question of different vowelings, the qur'anic term /</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B>sijill</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">/ (originally meaning a stone or bone for writing on, then by extension writing paper, writing, scribe, angel. Muslim exegetes read /</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B>sijill</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">/ variously in ( يوم نطوي السماء كطيً </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B>السجل</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> للكتب , XXI: 104). Besides the standard reading /</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B>sijill</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">/, one would encounter the variants of /</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B>sujull</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">/, /</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B>sajl</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">/ and /</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B>sijl</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">/. </SPAN></FONT></DIV><P align="justify" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> </SPAN></FONT></P><P align="justify" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> </P><P align="justify" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> </P><DIV style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> I'd like to make two concluding observations:</SPAN></FONT></DIV><P align="justify" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> </P><DIV style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> (1) On reviewing the forms /</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B>fi'all</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">/ and /</SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B>fi'ill</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">/, I would strongly argue that the two forms (both nominal and adjectival) often underscore </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B>negative traits</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> in people and animals. </SPAN></FONT></DIV><P align="justify" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> </P><DIV style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> (2) In the light of the doubling and incorporation of the last radical, I'm persuaded to think of such adjectival patterns as </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B>supplementary</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; text-decoration: underline;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B>intensive forms</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B> ( ملحقة بصيغ المبالغة ).</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="2"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px;"> </SPAN></FONT></DIV><P align="justify" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> </P><P align="justify" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> </P><DIV style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> As ever, with my kind regards to my colleague, </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic"><B>Rogier Visser. </B></FONT></DIV><P align="justify" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> </P><DIV style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic"><B> --------</B></FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic"><B> * MD</B></FONT></DIV><P align="justify" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> </P><P align="justify" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="2"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px;"> </SPAN></FONT></P><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">--------------------------------------------------------------------------</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">5)</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Date: 08 Feb 2007</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">From:"Waheed Samy" <<A href="mailto:wasamy@umich.edu">wasamy@umich.edu</A>></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Subject:sijill and khiDamm</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV>This is a bona fide wazn. (It also exists in Egyptian).</DIV><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV> midabb (مِدَبّ) (mifall) (d b b)</DIV><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV> mahabb (مَهَبّ) (mafall) (h b b). </DIV><DIV> Some of you might remember سلوى في مهبّ الريح.</DIV><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV> duhull (دُهُلّ) (fucull) (d h l)</DIV><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV> dughufl (دُغُفْل) (fucull) (d gh f l)</DIV><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV> turubsh (طُرُبش) (fucull) (t r b sh)</DIV><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV> 'ardabb (أردبّ/إردبّ) (?: fcll) (' r d b)</DIV><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV> 'urdunn (أردُنّ) (?: fcll) (' r d n)</DIV><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV>Waheed</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">--------------------------------------------------------------------------</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">End of Arabic-L: 08 Feb 2007</DIV></BODY></HTML>