<HTML><BODY style="word-wrap: break-word; -khtml-nbsp-mode: space; -khtml-line-break: after-white-space; "><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">------------------------------------------------------------------------</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Arabic-L: Sat 01 Sep 2007</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Moderator: Dilworth Parkinson <<A href="mailto:dilworth_parkinson@byu.edu">dilworth_parkinson@byu.edu</A>></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">[To post messages to the list, send them to <A href="mailto:arabic-l@byu.edu">arabic-l@byu.edu</A>]</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">[To unsubscribe, send message from same address you subscribed from to</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><A href="mailto:listserv@byu.edu">listserv@byu.edu</A> with first line reading:</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "> unsubscribe arabic-l ]</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">-------------------------Directory------------------------------------</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">1) Subject:Dr. Deeb's corrected post</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">-------------------------Messages-----------------------------------</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">1)</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Date: 01 Sep 2007</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">From:moderator</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Subject:Dr. Deeb's corrected post</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; ">For some reason Dr. Deeb's post arrived to me garbled. Here is what he originally wrote. I'll copy it with and without formatting below so hopefully most will be able to read the Arabic.--dil</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"> </P><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B>Random Observations on Three Words</B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"> </P><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="6"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18.7px;"><B> </B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 24px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B>In translation, one searches for either the equivalent of the word in the source text, coins a new word, or attempts a brief definition. Translations from Greek, Latin, German, practically all languages bear testimony to this linguistic process. </B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 24.0px"> </P><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 24px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B>I'm amused that a latter-day writer would claim that Arabic has no one-word translation of terms like "compromise" and "integrity." The implication is that Arabic is an impoverished language! Such people who are inured in "fast food culture," and consequently wrestle with a sense of insecurity about their Arabic, and its alleged poverty in translation, should realize that "compromise" is essentially a net product of three combined Latin words <con (together or jointly) + pro (forth) + mittere (send)>. </B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 24.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> </SPAN></FONT></P><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 24px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B>I'd argue, further, that knowledge of etymology, while not a prerequisite, may prove useful in translation. It would at least temper hasty assumptions that Arabic lacks equivalents for words like "compromise" and "integrity." </B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B> </B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B>I. Compromise (v. & n.):</B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-indent: -24px;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 48px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Symbol" size="6"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18.7px;">¨ </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="6"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18.7px;"><B> to come to agreement by mutual concession</B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-indent: -24px;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 48px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Symbol" size="6"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18.7px;">¨ </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="6"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18.7px;"><B> to find or follow a way between extremes; the process of</B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-indent: -24px;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 48px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="6"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18.7px;"><B> compromise may involve arbitration, tolerance, balance</B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-indent: -24px;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 48px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B> or making concessions</B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-indent: -24px;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 48px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Symbol" size="6"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18.7px;">¨ </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="6"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18.7px;"><B> (derogatory) to make a shameful or disreputable concession <to compromise one's ideals, standards, principles or morals></B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="6"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18.7px;"><B> </B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><P style="text-indent: -24px;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 48px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> </SPAN></FONT></P><DIV style="text-indent: -24px;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 48px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B>Arabic equivalents are as folloows:</B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-indent: -24px;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 48px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B> </B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-align: right;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="6"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18.7px;"><B>ـــ(1) تراض، تسوية، حل وسط، اتفاق لحل نزاع؛ مهادنة ، هدنة؛ صلح </B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-align: right;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B> </B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-align: right;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B>ــ(2) توصلا | توصلوا إلى حل وسط، اتفقا | اتفقوا على فض نزاع، تراضيا | تراضَوْا</B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-align: right;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B> </B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-align: right;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="6"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18.7px;"><B>ــ(3) وضعه في موضع الشبهة ، فضحه ، عرضه للألسنة</B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-align: right;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B> </B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Symbol" size="6"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18.7px;">¨ </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="6"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18.7px;"><B> to compromise oneself; to compromise one's ideals, standards, principles, reputation, &ct.:</B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B> </B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 24px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B> (يمتهن/ يبتذل نفسه أو مبادئه ؛ يضع نفسه موضع الشبهة )</B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 24px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B> </B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-indent: -24px;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 48px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Symbol" size="6"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18.7px;">¨ </SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="6"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18.7px;"><B> adjectival or participial form: compromised: </B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-indent: 0px;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B>(مشبوه ), (متهم )</B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> </SPAN></FONT></P><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="6"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18.7px;"><B> </B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 24px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B>In international negotiations, "compromise" often acquires negative connotations, and becomes synonymous with " </B></SPAN></FONT><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitulation_%28surrender%29"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B>capitulation</B></SPAN></FONT></A><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B>," in which one or more negotiators make concessions in principles, objectives or land. Arabic rendering of "compromise" in such cases may be qualified from: (تسوية / معاهدة صلح ) to (تسوية / معاهدة استسلام ). </B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 24.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="6"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18.7px;"> </SPAN></FONT></P><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 24px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B>The compromise truce of al-Hudyabiyah between the Prophet Muhammad and Quraysh, in 628 CE, is variously referred to as ( عهد ), (مَعْهَدة ) (معاهدة), (هدنة ), and to a lesser extent, as (صلح ). Although it was a master plan leading to the conquest of Mecca, </B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="6"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18.5px;"><B>c</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B>Umar b. al-Kha </B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Tahoma" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><B>ṭṭ</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B>āb had, at first, reservations about it as a form of</B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 24px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B> (دَنـِـيــََِّـة | daniyyah , i.e., humiliation), to Islam.</B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 24px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B> </B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> </SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> </SPAN></FONT></P><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B>II. Integrity (quality of being honest and having high moral principles)</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B>:</B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B> </B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-align: right;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="6"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18.7px;"><B>استقامة، نزاهة، أمانة، كمال الأخلاق، سلامة الخلق؛ اكتمال، وفور</B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-align: auto;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B> </B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B>III. Privacy:</B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-align: right;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B>خصوصية، (أمور) شخصية، أمر خاص؛ سرية؛ خَلوة، عزلة</B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-align: right;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B> </B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B>As an aside, I note that some colleagues on the list use the wrong voweling of ( خَلوة / khalwah) as (khulwah)! </B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"> </P><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="2"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px;">MD</SPAN></FONT></DIV><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"> </P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"> </P><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; text-decoration: underline;"><B>PS</B></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B>:</B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"> </P><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Arabic" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><B> ( الحديبية) is written with or without a shaddah on the last yā'. ِ I have an irritating problem with the tansliteration of the guttural letter; it turns out as a blank square! I would appreciate your kind help on this.</B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">-- </DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">M. Deeb</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">English, Comparative Literature & Cultural Studies</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV>Random Observations on Three Words</DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV>In translation, one searches for either the equivalent of the word in the source text, coins a new word, or attempts a brief definition. Translations from Greek, Latin, German, practically all languages bear testimony to this linguistic process. </DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV>I'm amused that a latter-day writer would claim that Arabic has no one-word translation of terms like "compromise" and "integrity." The implication is that Arabic is an impoverished language! Such people who are inured in "fast food culture," and consequently wrestle with a sense of insecurity about their Arabic, and its alleged poverty in translation, should realize that "compromise" is essentially a net product of three combined Latin words <con (together or jointly) + pro (forth) + mittere (send)>. </DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV>I'd argue, further, that knowledge of etymology, while not a prerequisite, may prove useful in translation. It would at least temper hasty assumptions that Arabic lacks equivalents for words like "compromise" and "integrity." </DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV>I. Compromise (v. & n.):</DIV><DIV>¨ to come to agreement by mutual concession</DIV><DIV>¨ to find or follow a way between extremes; the process of</DIV><DIV> compromise may involve arbitration, tolerance, balance</DIV><DIV> or making concessions</DIV><DIV>¨ (derogatory) to make a shameful or disreputable concession <to compromise one's ideals, standards, principles or morals> </DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV>Arabic equivalents are as folloows:</DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV>ـــ(1) تراض، تسوية، حل وسط، اتفاق لحل نزاع؛ مهادنة ، هدنة؛ صلح </DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV>ــ(2) توصلا | توصلوا إلى حل وسط، اتفقا | اتفقوا على فض نزاع، تراضيا | تراضَوْا</DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV>ــ(3) وضعه في موضع الشبهة ، فضحه ، عرضه للألسنة</DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV>¨ to compromise oneself; to compromise one's ideals, standards, principles, reputation, &ct.:</DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV> (يمتهن/ يبتذل نفسه أو مبادئه ؛ يضع نفسه موضع الشبهة )</DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV>¨ adjectival or participial form: compromised: </DIV><DIV>(مشبوه ), (متهم )</DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV>In international negotiations, "compromise" often acquires negative connotations, and becomes synonymous with " capitulation," in which one or more negotiators make concessions in principles, objectives or land. Arabic rendering of "compromise" in such cases may be qualified from: (تسوية / معاهدة صلح ) to (تسوية / معاهدة استسلام ). </DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV>The compromise truce of al-Hudyabiyah between the Prophet Muhammad and Quraysh, in 628 CE, is variously referred to as ( عهد ), (مَعْهَدة ) (معاهدة), (هدنة ), and to a lesser extent, as (صلح ). Although it was a master plan leading to the conquest of Mecca, cUmar b. al-Kha ṭṭāb had, at first, reservations about it as a form of</DIV><DIV> (دَنـِـيــََِّـة | daniyyah , i.e., humiliation), to Islam.</DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV>II. Integrity (quality of being honest and having high moral principles):</DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV>استقامة، نزاهة، أمانة، كمال الأخلاق، سلامة الخلق؛ اكتمال، وفور</DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV>III. Privacy:</DIV><DIV>خصوصية، (أمور) شخصية، أمر خاص؛ سرية؛ خَلوة، عزلة</DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV>As an aside, I note that some colleagues on the list use the wrong voweling of ( خَلوة / khalwah) as (khulwah)! </DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV>MD</DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV>PS:</DIV><DIV> </DIV><DIV> ( الحديبية) is written with or without a shaddah on the last yā'. ِ I have an irritating problem with the tansliteration of the guttural letter; it turns out as a blank square! I would appreciate your kind help on this.</DIV><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV>-- </DIV><DIV>M. Deeb</DIV><DIV>English, Comparative Literature & Cultural Studies</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">--------------------------------------------------------------------------</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">End of Arabic-L: 01 Sep 2007</DIV></BODY></HTML>