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<P>Dear all:
<P>Thank you for reminding us of this summer's reading, Linnea. I wonder if some members may be experiencing difficulties getting hold of Altheide and Michalowski's 1999 article in the Sociological Quarterly. If so, I have gerat news for you. I have just received email from Blackwell, telling me that the Sociological Quarterly is free online for two months. T Visit <A href="http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/" target=_blank><FONT color=#0000ff size=3>http://www.blackwell-synergy.com</FONT></A>
<P>Let me give you the complete information about the article.
<P>
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<TD class=maintextleft vAlign=top width=30>475</TD>
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<P>FEAR IN THE NEWS. A Discourse of Control</P>
<P class=maintextleft><NOBR>David L. Altheide</NOBR>, <NOBR>R. Sam Michalowski</NOBR></P>
<P class=maintextleft><NOBR>Vol.40, July 1999, Soiological Quarterly</NOBR></P>
<P class=maintextleft><NOBR></NOBR> </P>
<P class=maintextleft><NOBR>I will read this article now. I hope to write my response tomorrow. </NOBR></P>
<P class=maintextleft><NOBR>All the best, </NOBR></P>
<P class=maintextleft><NOBR>Noriko</NOBR></P></TD></TR></FORM></TBODY></TABLE>
<P> <B><I>Linnea Micciulla <lmicciulla@COMCAST.NET></I></B> wrote:
<BLOCKQUOTE style="PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #1010ff 2px solid">Hi everyone,<BR>
<BR>
I don't know if anyone else has had a chance to read this month's (or, <BR>
more accurately, this summer's) reading, but I have finally gotten <BR>
around to it, so I thought I would share my thoughts.<BR>
<BR>
In general, I thought it was quite an interesting study, although I <BR>
found parts of it disjointed. The authors seek to explore how "fear" is <BR>
used in the news, focusing primarily on a local Arizona newspaper. The <BR>
rationale for exploring this topic in particular is the authors' belief <BR>
(which I share) that fear is used to enable "reactive social policies <BR>
that promote state control and surveillance." (p. 476). They refer to <BR>
their approach as "mapping" and "tracking" the use of fear in the news <BR>
over a 10 year period. <BR>
<BR>
Major findings include:<BR>
twice as frequent use of the word "fear" in headlines and text over a <BR>
7-10 year period in several major and local U.S. newspapers<BR>
fear is distributed over many sections, especially front page, sports, <BR>
business and editorials<BR>
over time fear has "traveled" through many topics, but is consistently <BR>
associated with children, community, schools and police<BR>
the perception of fear has increased, as part of a "discourse of fear," <BR>
according to various polls<BR>
although people are more fearful, the crime rate has actually decreased, <BR>
and the level of fear is an anomaly in a population that is <BR>
exceptionally safe and healthy<BR>
<BR>
They discuss at length the creation of a "problem frame" as "a secular <BR>
alternative to a morality play". (p. 479). "The focus is on individual <BR>
misfortune perpetrated by an evil agent... pursued by an agent of <BR>
righteousness..." (p. 495). Examples illustrate how problems of <BR>
increased crime are framed within a debate about whether police need <BR>
more resources, rather than employing a frame which examines the root <BR>
causes of crime. <BR>
<BR>
One thing I found interesting was the authors' explanation for why the <BR>
association of fear with violence, drugs and gangs was surpassed by an <BR>
association of fear with children and schools in 1995. They suggest <BR>
that the association of fear with violence, drugs and gangs had become <BR>
automatic by that time, so that fear was evoked as part of their <BR>
connotation, and no longer needed to be mentioned explicitly. Although <BR>
that's an interesting hypothesis and may well be true, there doesn't <BR>
seem to be an easy way to substantiate it, and it seems strange to me <BR>
that fear wouldn't be equally associated with violence prior to 1995. I <BR>
suspect that the shift to children and school is partly due to an <BR>
increase of school violence (or, at least, the reporting of it) and <BR>
partly a tactic to draw on the readers' emotions by mentioning children <BR>
and fear.<BR>
<BR>
I think this kind of study, which shows a contrast between public <BR>
perception (as fed by the media) and real-world events, can be quite <BR>
illuminating. In this case, where the discrepancy between fear and <BR>
actual danger is so great, it's hard to dispute the findings. Since the <BR>
news is so entertainment-driven and emotion-laden these days, critical <BR>
analysis that shows such clear and purposeful distortion of reality is <BR>
much needed. <BR>
<BR>
I'd be interested to hear what others thought of the article, or about <BR>
the potential of this kind of study for CDA.<BR>
<BR>
Linnea<BR>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<BR><BR><table width=100%><tr><td>Noriko Sugimori<br>20 Chestnut Street #204, Cambridge, MA 02139<br>tel & fax 617-494-6497<br>$B?y?9E5;R(B<br>$B")(B939-8051 $BIY;3;TBg@tCfIt#1#2#3!!=)K\J}(B<br>tel & fax 076-421-1337</td></tr></table>