<div dir="ltr">  Hi Brian,<div><br></div><div>Thank you - that is helpful! Do you know what would be my next steps to find the number of times code-switching occurs in one utterance? For instance, using freq +s”*@s* on my kwal file (which contains only code-switching utterances), I get the frequency of word types and tokens that are code-switched. However, I am seeking to find the number of instances in which code-switching occurs in a sentence (e.g., "look at los@s bomberos@s in the camion@s!" would have three code-switches: one from "at" to "los@s", another from "bomberos@s" to "in", and a third from "the" to "camion@s").</div><div><br></div><div>I used this combo code for across-utterance code-switches (<span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Roboto,RobotoDraft,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;white-space:pre-wrap">combo  @ +b2 -l1 +s"\**:^[- eng]^*^\**:^[- spa]" *). Is there a way to edit this combo code so that I can use it to examine the number of code-switching instances within one utterance?</span></div><div><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Roboto,RobotoDraft,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;white-space:pre-wrap"><br></span></div><div><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Roboto,RobotoDraft,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;white-space:pre-wrap">Thank you very much!</span></div><div><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Roboto,RobotoDraft,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;white-space:pre-wrap">Best,</span></div><div><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Roboto,RobotoDraft,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;white-space:pre-wrap">Marissa</span></div><div><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Roboto,RobotoDraft,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;white-space:pre-wrap"><br></span></div><div><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Roboto,RobotoDraft,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;white-space:pre-wrap">P.S. Thank you, Cynthia, for that suggestion! I might reach out to them.</span></div><div></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Wed, Oct 27, 2021 at 5:44 PM Brian Macwhinney <<a href="mailto:macw@andrew.cmu.edu">macw@andrew.cmu.edu</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">Dear Marissa,<br>
     Good question.  You are right that KWAL will only pull out utterances with code switches without counting them.  To count them, you can take the output of KWAL and then use FREQ with the +s switch, as in <br>
freq +s”*@s*” *.cha<br>
There are various combinations possible here.  I see you are excluding the English utterances in your KWAL command by using -s”[- eng]” and that makes sense if you want to focus on code-switching to English in utterances that are primarily Spanish.<br>
<br>
— Brian MacWhinney<br>
<br>
> On Oct 27, 2021, at 8:24 PM, Marissa Castellana <<a href="mailto:macaste8@asu.edu" target="_blank">macaste8@asu.edu</a>> wrote:<br>
> <br>
> Hello,<br>
> <br>
> I am working with bilingual English-Spanish transcripts. I am looking to find the number of within-utterance code-switches. I created a kwal file from my original .cha files, using the following code kwal -s"[- eng]" +s*@s* @ +o% -d +f, which produced a kwal file of utterances that contain code-switching. How can I find the number of code-switches that occur in each utterance? For example, it is possible that an utterance contains one codeswitch "did you see the carro@s?", but it is also possible that there are two or more cases of codeswitching, such as "did you see the carro@s that passed by so rapido@s?" <br>
> <br>
> Thank you very much!<br>
> Best,<br>
> Marissa<br>
> <br>
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