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<font size=3>Thanks, Ros. Another scholar also pointed this out to me, of
which I was previously unaware,<br><br>
This list really helps broaden my still-sketchy understanding of our
history.<br><br>
Regards,<br><br>
Jeff<br><br>
At 06:01 PM 3/3/2004, Ros' Haruo wrote:<br><br>
<blockquote type=cite class=cite cite>Upper Chinookan is probably not
dead, much less 150 years gone. The 1990 US Census showed 69 speakers of
Wasco-Wishram, including 7 monolinguals, according to the
Ethnologue:<br><br>
<a href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=WAC" eudora="autourl">http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=WAC</a><br><br>
lilEnd<br><br>
<br>
ROS' Haruo / 2355 Eastlake Ave E /
Seattle WA 98102 / Usono<br>
lilandbr@scn.org / lilandbr@hotmail.com / tel
206-324-3176<br>
ROS' Haruo = Leland Bryant ROSS<br><br>
<br><br>
<br><br>
<blockquote type=cite class=cite cite>From: Jeffrey Kopp
<jeffreykopp@ATT.NET><br>
Reply-To: Jeffrey Kopp <jeffreykopp@ATT.NET><br>
To: CHINOOK@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG<br>
Subject: Re: Lang backgrounds of LEP students in 2000-2001<br>
Date: Mon, 1 Mar 2004 14:50:27 -0800<br><br>
At 12:47 PM 3/1/2004, Jim Holton wrote:<br>
<blockquote type=cite class=cite cite>Given the source and the disclaimer
at the bottom, I am wondering if the<br>
13 students didn't come from bi-lingual programs at Grand Ronde in<br>
2000-2001. They might be lumping bi-lingual programs in with LEP
programs<br>
for their estimate.</blockquote><br>
Yes, that was my guess, too. It next occurred to me that not long
before<br>
the program began, there were still great-grandparents who had
spoken<br>
fluent Jargon, and I don't doubt they shared it lovingly with kids
who<br>
remain in school today. In either case (pre-program or after launch),
it's<br>
likely some of today's children were introduced to the Jargon as early
as<br>
English.<br><br>
Mr. Roy also mentions the LEP categorical criteria included the
"influence"<br>
(the criteria unfortunately employed the potentially pejorative
term<br>
"impact") of previous generations' languages upon Native
Americans, though<br>
I believe any such effect on today's Native children's
English-learning<br>
capability would be socio-economic in origin rather than linguistic.
(The<br>
goals of the LNCB Act might not even require distinguishing this
point.)<br><br>
The source report appears a bit apologetic about its own sketchiness;
the<br>
criteria were in the process of revision at the time, so they some
had<br>
trouble getting fitting data out of the states:<br><br>
"Meaningful interpretation of the available data is challenging for
several<br>
reasons." Survey of the States' Limited English Proficient Students
&<br>
Available Educational Programs and Services, p. 9.<br>
<<a href="http://www.ncela.gwu.edu/states/reports/seareports/0001/sea0001.pdf" eudora="autourl">http://www.ncela.gwu.edu/states/reports/seareports/0001/sea0001.pdf</a>>
or<br>
(HTML):<br>
<<a href="http://216.239.53.104/search?q=cache:LQcFWWU4nvYJ:www.ncela.gwu.edu/states/reports/seareports/0001/sea0001.pdf" eudora="autourl">http://216.239.53.104/search?q=cache:LQcFWWU4nvYJ:www.ncela.gwu.edu/states/reports/seareports/0001/sea0001.pdf</a>><br><br>
This quirk may have been encouraged by one of the data-gathering<br>
instruments, OMB No. 1885-0543. See page 4 (at 35 of the above
.pdf):<br><br>
<blockquote type=cite class=cite cite>A2. Languages Spoken by Grade
Level<br>
List ALL the non-English languages spoken by LEP students and the
number<br>
of LEP students at each grade level who speak each of those
languages.</blockquote><br>
This brought to mind the scenario of "Okay, kids.... Hey! Quiet down
back<br>
there! ....what other languages do you speak?" (I thought Emmett
might<br>
enjoy that.) It's an educational funding and planning report (and
they<br>
apparently did the best they could), not an anthropological or
linguistic<br>
study. Note one student's "language background" got listed as
"Upper<br>
Chinookan"--which could be an accurate report of heritage, but<br>
linguistically would be a 150-year stretch. Of course, any kind of
survey<br>
stat below a couple points may offer interesting ideas for further<br>
research, but can't be relied upon by itself.<br><br>
I kidded Dave privately about "trolling [his] own list" (not
wishing to<br>
launch any pointless hoo-ha's--at least until today's email came in,
which<br>
offered me the higher ground of rebutting them). But at least it got us
a<br>
couple new posts, plus word from one specialist we hadn't heard from
before<br>
(and welcome!)<br><br>
J.</blockquote><br>
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