<DIV>Hayash mersi hayumasi !</DIV>
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<DIV>Thank you very much, Henry, for your detailed, thoroughgoing answers. Now the things are clear to me.</DIV>
<DIV>Regarding the word t'LuX, I suspected that in the old dictionaries it should appear like kluh, klugh, kluk, tluh, tluk or something similar, but what I found had different meaning:</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Gibbs: Klugh or Klugh-klugh (from Chinook klukh) = to tear; mamook klugh = to plough (literally, to tear the ground);</DIV>
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<DIV>Shaw (Supplemental Vocabulary): Kluh or Klugh (from Chinook) = to tear; to plow;</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Hale (1890): Kluh (from Chinook) = to tear;</DIV>
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<DIV>that's why I made that question (no. 3).</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>The GRCW name of the fox, plum-uphuch, means "broom-tail", isn't it? It's quite suggestive, and I like it more than aias-oputs (i.e., hayash-upuch)</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Francisc<BR><BR><B><I>hzenk@PDX.EDU</I></B> wrote:</DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE class=replbq style="PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #1010ff 2px solid">> 1. In Jacobs's "Texts in Chinook Jargon" there is a word, dat'Li, that<BR>> occurs twice:<BR>> In Howard's "A stingy girl is taken away by mountain people", p. 6, 2:<BR>> "dat'Li gagwa yaXga", translated as "So that is what she (has been doing)";<BR>> In Hudson's "Soup Man", p. 16, 5:<BR>> "dat'Li-yaga-uk-ulman yagayu-makmak uk-lasup", translated as "It must be<BR>> this old man who has been eating the soup".<BR>> Now, i'm unable to find out from the context what this "dat'Li" could mean<BR>> (it looks to be an adverb), and I didn't find it in any of the dictionaries<BR>> accessible on-line (Demers, Le Jeune, Gibbs, Shaw, Hale, Philips, Holton,<BR>> etc.etc.), although I was lookig also for variants like tatli, tahtli,<BR>> tatlhi, tathli, etc.; what does it mean?<BR><BR>We have an English translation from one of Hudson's daughters, but I don't
have<BR>it handy. In our dictionary we translate: "(Indicator of dawning<BR>realization:) so THAT'S (what it is, what's been going on)." The dictionary<BR>incorporates both Jacobs and what we have recorded from more recent Grand Ronde<BR>elders. The word is derived from a Chinookan particle, spelled taL! by Boas and<BR>translated variously by him: 'behold', 'see!', 'look!', 'lo!' (and more<BR>formally in his Chinook grammar, p. 636: 'although I did not expect it,<BR>still'). This is one of a number of Chinookan particles recorded from Grand<BR>Ronde community speakers not to be found in the historical sources.<BR><BR>><BR>> 2. I the texts of Victoria Howard appears a particle, -iwa, added to local<BR>> adverbs:<BR>> In "A dangerous being kills two women", p. 6, 7 (4):<BR>> "alda t'Lunas qa-iwa Lasga Ladwa uk-dilxam", translated as "And so I do not<BR>> know where those people went";<BR>> In " stingy girl is taken away by mountain people", p. 8, 9:<BR>>
"wik-maLadwa yawa'iwa", translated as "do not go in yonder direction";<BR>> p. 9, 9 (2):<BR>> "bus-wik-naLadwa yawa'iwa", translated as "I was not to go in yonder<BR>> direction".<BR>> From the context I understand that this particle turns place adverbs into<BR>> directional ones. But if this is the case, isn't such a particle<BR>> superfluous? I knew that qa(X) means where, both "in what place" and "in<BR>> what direction", and similarly yawa means "there", both "in that place" and<BR>> also "in that direction".<BR>><BR><BR>iwa is another of those Chinookan particles. Boas (Chinook grammar p. 621)<BR>explains it as "demonstrative position near 3rd person", Sapir (cited p. 626<BR>there) translates 'thus, there'. We don't have many examples, so it is not so<BR>easy to generalize about now (one of the older fluent speakers I worked with<BR>used qa-iwa, yawa-iwa alongside qa and yawa; he also approved of yakwa-iwa when<BR>I suggested it). Not entirely
superfluous I think, in that it can be used to<BR>disambiguate different senses of these 2 adverbs (or 3, or maybe a fluent<BR>speaker of yesteryear would have been even more "productive"): e.g. 'where'<BR>vs. 'which way'. This is about the only true bound form I can think of offhand<BR>in CW.<BR><BR>> 3. Is there a CW word for "to fall (down)", beside the idiom "klatawa<BR>> ilehi"? In Jacobs's Texts, namely in Coquille Thompsons "The origin of<BR>> death" (p. 27, 4) we have:<BR>> "kagwa yaga-Ladwa tLaxani, ili'i yaga t'LuX", translated as "That was how<BR>> he went outside, he fell down on the ground (in a transport of grief)"<BR>> What does the word "t'LuX" mean? Does it mean "to fall"?<BR>><BR><BR>t'LuX does mean 'to fall'. I don't have Gibbs etc. handy, but I think this is<BR>in the old dictionaries with spellings like "klugh" and the like.<BR><BR>> 4. Is there a CW word for "jaybird"? I know from a message to this list<BR>> (posted by Don Boucher on
14 Dec. 1998) that "Tehanie" = "Steller's Jay".<BR>> But is there a word for "jay(bird)" in general? Or Steller's jay is the<BR>> only (or the most important) species of jaybird living in the PNW?<BR>><BR><BR>qisqis 'jaybird', either Stellar's (the blue-crested found in deep forests in<BR>the NW) or California (uncrested, white-bellied, found in open country). By<BR>the way, contrary to an idea that has seemingly become popular hereabouts, the<BR>"California Jay" is NOT a recent arrival (along with about half of the recent<BR>human population of Oregon) from California. These jays have different names<BR>in Kalapuyan, and the California jay was common in the native prairies and<BR>savannas of the Willamette, Umpqua, Rogue R. Valleys.<BR><BR>> 5. Is there a CW word for "fox"? I found (don't remember where), that<BR>> talapas means also "fox" and "wolf", and in the dictionary of<BR>> Demers/Blanchet/St.Onge we have: aias oputs = "fox; prairie wolf, coyote"<BR>>
(literally: "big tail"); but is there also a specific word for "fox"?<BR>><BR><BR>We (speaking for the CTGR language program) have been using "plum-uphuch".<BR>Don't know offhand whether we got that from some old source, or improvised it.<BR>Improvisation is of course a lot of the fun of CW. Henry Z.<BR><BR>To respond to the CHINOOK list, click 'REPLY ALL'. To respond privately to the sender of a message, click 'REPLY'. Hayu masi!<BR></BLOCKQUOTE><p>
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