<div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">Hi kanawi!<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">The analogy with la vieille > lamiyay is very good, just like le naveau > lenawo / lenamo „turnip”.<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">What I was looking for are examples with final [f] becoming [m].<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">Usually [f] from English or French words becomes [p], like in fire > paya, fish > pish, or, in final position, les oeufs > lezep / lisap „eggs”.<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">But this final [m] reminds me the alternances already found in CJ:<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">la table (michif: la tab) > latab ~ latap ~ latam „table”<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">le diable > leyob > leyop > leyom / leyam „devil”<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">and also the fact that E.S.Curtis („The North American Indian”, Vol. 8, 1911, page 204) renders the Lower Chinook word for „people” (til(i)xam) as „tillahap”.<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">And this reminds the influence of denasalising languages of the area (like Lushootseed and Twana from the Salishan Family, Makah and Nitinat from Wakashan, and Quileute from Chimakuan) and the „hypercorrect” tendency of „re-establishing” the nasal where it wasn’t the case (like in latam, leyam). What is different with the CJ word for „handkerchief” is that, as far as I know, there isn’t attested a form with final [p]. All versions that I found have a final [m]: hikEchEm, hakatshum, hankatshum, hakatchum, ankechem, ankechim, hankechem,
hankerchim, henkerchim, hankachim.<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">Cheers,<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">Francisc<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></div><BR><BR><B><I>Tom Larsen <larsent@PDX.EDU></I></B> wrote: <BLOCKQUOTE class=replbq style="PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #1010ff 2px solid"><BR>One possibility of where the final [m] came from - Lower
Chinook, <BR>according to Boas, did not distinguish [m], [b], and [w], by which I <BR>assume he means that they were allophones of the same phoneme (although <BR>Boas himself didn't believe in phonemes). Lower Chinook also did not <BR>have [f]. It would not be too far fetched to think that a native <BR>speaker of Lower Chinook would have pronounced the English word <BR>"handkerchief" substituting for the final /f/ the Lower Chinook phoneme <BR>which most closely resembles English /f/, which would probably be the <BR>phoneme pronounced [m] ~ [b] ~ [w]. This of course also assumes that <BR>the English word "handkerchief" was introduced into Chinook Jargon by <BR>speakers of Lower Chinook (or perhaps some other language which also <BR>didn't distinguish these sounds?), which again would not be too hard to <BR>imagine.<BR><BR>We see a similar phenomenon with the Jargon word "lamiyay" 'old woman', <BR>which comes from the French word(s) "la vieille". Again, Lower Chinook
<BR>did not have had a phoneme /v/, so a speaker of that language would have <BR>substituted the nearest Lower Chinook phoneme, which would be the one <BR>pronounced [m] ~ [b] ~ [w].<BR><BR>Portland State University logo<BR><BR>*Tom Larsen*<BR>Database Management and Catalog Librarian<BR>Portland State University Library<BR>PO Box 1151<BR>Portland, OR 97207-1151<BR><BR>Phone: 503-725-8179<BR>Fax: 503-725-5799<BR><BR>email: larsent@pdx.edu<BR><BR><BR><BR>Dave Robertson wrote:<BR>> Just a quick note that may not be awfully on-topic:<BR>><BR>> In recent reading of stuff by Charles Dickens and Robert Louis Stevenson, I<BR>> find versions of a word spelled <'ankercher> for "handkerchief". It also<BR>> turns up WW Jacobs's writing. And it's a Lancashire dialect word:<BR>> http://www.mawdesley-village.org.uk/dialect.html. <BR>><BR>> Having the interests I have, I'm reminded of Jargon <HANKACHIM>,<BR>> <HAKATSHUM>, and so on. Still don't know where
that final <M>came from!<BR>><BR>> --Dave R<BR>><BR>> To respond to the CHINOOK list, click 'REPLY ALL'. To respond privately to the sender of a message, click 'REPLY'. Hayu masi!<BR>><BR>> <BR><BR>To respond to the CHINOOK list, click 'REPLY ALL'. To respond privately to the sender of a message, click 'REPLY'. Hayu masi!<BR></BLOCKQUOTE><BR><p>
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To respond to the CHINOOK list, click 'REPLY ALL'. To respond privately to the sender of a message, click 'REPLY'. Hayu masi!