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Hi again,<br><br>
The relationship between 'blissful/-ly' and 'cheerful/-ly' is not as
close as I had thought.<br><br>
The Bank of English (450m;2002) corpus shows:<br>
---<br>
2069 examples for ‘bliss’; 54 contain ‘ignor’<br>
656 examples for ‘blissful’; 50 contain ‘ignor’<br>
550 examples for ‘blissfully’; 52 contain ‘ignor’<br>
---<br>
3705 examples for ‘cheerful’; but only ONE with 'ignor' in this use:<br>
<i>man was left, most probably, in cheerful ignorance of the poverty of
<br>
</i>1601 examples for ‘cheerfully’; but only 14 with 'ignor' in this
use<br>
---<br><br>
<blockquote type=cite class=cite cite="">
<blockquote type=cite class=cite cite="">Do these all share one meaning
or are there subtle meaning differences?</blockquote></blockquote><br>
1. All of them seem to pick up on the cheerful=happy meaning to some
extent.<br><br>
2. The 'innocent/foolish/unknowing' aspect of 'blissful
ignorance/blissfully ignorant' is only evident in the first of your BNC
examples:<br>
carried on with the arrangement she was making,
<a href="http://es-otto.unizh.ch/cgi-binbnc2/disp6.pl?lemmaScheme=lancaster&thMode=M545%B7332%AA%AAAafter%B7P0%B7L%B7T%B7H545%AA%AAP45%B7500%B7479%AA%AAP50%B7450%B7437%AA%AAP50%B7400%B7387%AA%AAP50%B7350%B7341&qname=hq000342&ot=after&queryID=mbednarek11%20">
<b>cheerfully</a></b> unaware of how great a change in attitude
that<br><br>
3. The others all seem to focus more on 'deliberately
disregarding/triumphing over' the negative element. In many you could
substitute 'cheerful and' (so the adverbial form serves to coalesce two
attributes/epithets) or 'cheerful despite/regardless of/in defiance
of':<br>
cheerful despite...<br><br>
4. Basically, I would say that 'cheerfully' reduces the negative weight
of many of the other adjectives:<br>
X but cheerful<br><br>
5. As with all meanings, there is a cline or spectrum, and one could
distinguish several minor variations or sub-meanings, but I don't think
it is necessary. <br><br>
6. I find one example strange because it seems to be contradictory:<br>
reaching the last four.No-one was more
<a href="http://es-otto.unizh.ch/cgi-binbnc2/disp6.pl?lemmaScheme=lancaster&thMode=M545%B7332%AA%AAAafter%B7P0%B7L%B7T%B7H545%AA%AAP45%B7500%B7479%AA%AAP50%B7450%B7437%AA%AAP50%B7400%B7387%AA%AAP50%B7350%B7341&qname=hq000342&ot=after&queryID=mbednarek11%20">
<b>cheerfully</a></b> downhearted than their Barbarian captain Kari
Tapper,<br><br>
Hope this helps<br>
Ramesh<br><br>
<br>
At 01:30 21/03/2006, Monika Bednarek wrote:<br>
<blockquote type=cite class=cite cite="">Dear all,<br><br>
I have a question about the collocation of CHEERFULLY with negative and
negated adjectives, such as:<br><br>
<br>
carried on with the arrangement she was making,
<a href="http://es-otto.unizh.ch/cgi-binbnc2/disp6.pl?lemmaScheme=lancaster&thMode=M545%B7332%AA%AAAafter%B7P0%B7L%B7T%B7H545%AA%AAP45%B7500%B7479%AA%AAP50%B7450%B7437%AA%AAP50%B7400%B7387%AA%AAP50%B7350%B7341&qname=hq000342&ot=after&queryID=mbednarek11%20">
<b>cheerfully</a></b> unaware of how great a change in attitude
that<br>
<br>
and paper, she and Francis and a
<a href="http://es-otto.unizh.ch/cgi-binbnc2/disp6.pl?lemmaScheme=lancaster&thMode=M545%B7332%AA%AAAafter%B7P0%B7L%B7T%B7H545%AA%AAP45%B7500%B7479%AA%AAP50%B7450%B7437%AA%AAP50%B7400%B7387%AA%AAP50%B7350%B7341&qname=hq000342&ot=after&queryID=mbednarek11%20">
<b>cheerfully</a></b> unreliable string of volunteers threw
together every month a<br>
<br>
But her guest was
<a href="http://es-otto.unizh.ch/cgi-binbnc2/disp6.pl?lemmaScheme=lancaster&thMode=M545%B7332%AA%AAAafter%B7P0%B7L%B7T%B7H545%AA%AAP45%B7500%B7479%AA%AAP50%B7450%B7437%AA%AAP50%B7400%B7387%AA%AAP50%B7350%B7341&qname=hq000342&ot=after&queryID=mbednarek11%20">
<b>cheerfully</a></b> unrepentant."I forgot -- I was
never<br>
<br>
and you can eat the freshest of fish in
<a href="http://es-otto.unizh.ch/cgi-binbnc2/disp6.pl?lemmaScheme=lancaster&thMode=M545%B7332%AA%AAAafter%B7P0%B7L%B7T%B7H545%AA%AAP45%B7500%B7479%AA%AAP50%B7450%B7437%AA%AAP50%B7400%B7387%AA%AAP50%B7350%B7341&qname=hq000342&ot=after&queryID=mbednarek11%20">
<b>cheerfully</a></b> informal, unlicensed restaurants.Take your
own wine<br>
<br>
the style, the language are all put in
<a href="http://es-otto.unizh.ch/cgi-binbnc2/disp6.pl?lemmaScheme=lancaster&thMode=M545%B7332%AA%AAAafter%B7P0%B7L%B7T%B7H545%AA%AAP45%B7500%B7479%AA%AAP50%B7450%B7437%AA%AAP50%B7400%B7387%AA%AAP50%B7350%B7341&qname=hq000342&ot=after&queryID=mbednarek11%20">
<b>cheerfully</a></b> irreverent quotation marks and they are
perceived against<br>
<br>
The
<a href="http://es-otto.unizh.ch/cgi-binbnc2/disp6.pl?lemmaScheme=lancaster&thMode=M545%B7332%AA%AAAafter%B7P0%B7L%B7T%B7H545%AA%AAP45%B7500%B7479%AA%AAP50%B7450%B7437%AA%AAP50%B7400%B7387%AA%AAP50%B7350%B7341&qname=hq000342&ot=after&queryID=mbednarek11%20">
<b>cheerfully</a></b> ramshackle atmosphere of the King's Head is
an unlikely<br>
<br>
I was always completely but
<a href="http://es-otto.unizh.ch/cgi-binbnc2/disp6.pl?lemmaScheme=lancaster&thMode=M545%B7332%AA%AAAafter%B7P0%B7L%B7T%B7H545%AA%AAP45%B7500%B7479%AA%AAP50%B7450%B7437%AA%AAP50%B7400%B7387%AA%AAP50%B7350%B7341&qname=hq000342&ot=after&queryID=mbednarek11%20">
<b>cheerfully</a></b> rotten, however, and despite various
faltering adult<br>
<br>
"They were all
<a href="http://es-otto.unizh.ch/cgi-binbnc2/disp6.pl?lemmaScheme=lancaster&thMode=M545%B7332%AA%AAAafter%B7P0%B7L%B7T%B7H545%AA%AAP45%B7500%B7479%AA%AAP50%B7450%B7437%AA%AAP50%B7400%B7387%AA%AAP50%B7350%B7341&qname=hq000342&ot=after&queryID=mbednarek11%20">
<b>cheerfully</a></b> sick, enticed by the little paper bags,
except<br>
<br>
chef stands in good stead, his apron
<a href="http://es-otto.unizh.ch/cgi-binbnc2/disp6.pl?lemmaScheme=lancaster&thMode=M545%B7332%AA%AAAafter%B7P0%B7L%B7T%B7H545%AA%AAP45%B7500%B7479%AA%AAP50%B7450%B7437%AA%AAP50%B7400%B7387%AA%AAP50%B7350%B7341&qname=hq000342&ot=after&queryID=mbednarek11%20">
<b>cheerfully</a></b> stained, a generous plate of souvlaki in
hand.<br>
<br>
reaching the last four.No-one was more
<a href="http://es-otto.unizh.ch/cgi-binbnc2/disp6.pl?lemmaScheme=lancaster&thMode=M545%B7332%AA%AAAafter%B7P0%B7L%B7T%B7H545%AA%AAP45%B7500%B7479%AA%AAP50%B7450%B7437%AA%AAP50%B7400%B7387%AA%AAP50%B7350%B7341&qname=hq000342&ot=after&queryID=mbednarek11%20">
<b>cheerfully</a></b> downhearted than their Barbarian captain Kari
Tapper,<br>
<br>
She was just
<a href="http://es-otto.unizh.ch/cgi-binbnc2/disp6.pl?lemmaScheme=lancaster&thMode=M545%B7332%AA%AAAafter%B7P0%B7L%B7T%B7H545%AA%AAP45%B7500%B7479%AA%AAP50%B7450%B7437%AA%AAP50%B7400%B7387%AA%AAP50%B7350%B7341&qname=hq000342&ot=after&queryID=mbednarek11%20">
<b>cheerfully</a></b> fat, her obesity partly disguised by the fact
that<br>
<br>
The ristorante was
<a href="http://es-otto.unizh.ch/cgi-binbnc2/disp6.pl?lemmaScheme=lancaster&thMode=M545%B7332%AA%AAAafter%B7P0%B7L%B7T%B7H545%AA%AAP45%B7500%B7479%AA%AAP50%B7450%B7437%AA%AAP50%B7400%B7387%AA%AAP50%B7350%B7341&qname=hq000342&ot=after&queryID=mbednarek11%20">
<b>cheerfully</a></b> garish, with red-checked tablecloths, plastic
flowers,<br>
<br>
been stencilled with designs that were mildly but
<a href="http://es-otto.unizh.ch/cgi-binbnc2/disp6.pl?lemmaScheme=lancaster&thMode=M545%B7332%AA%AAAafter%B7P0%B7L%B7T%B7H545%AA%AAP45%B7500%B7479%AA%AAP50%B7450%B7437%AA%AAP50%B7400%B7387%AA%AAP50%B7350%B7341&qname=hq000342&ot=after&queryID=mbednarek11%20">
<b>cheerfully</a></b> crazy so that to look at them for long made
the eyes<br>
(from BNC) <br><br>
Do these all share one meaning or are there subtle meaning differences?
And if so, how would you best paraphrase this meaning/these meanings, or
(even better) translate them into German? What kind of semantic shift
from CHEERFUL ('happy' or 'giving you a feeling of happiness', according
to OALD) is going on here?<br><br>
Thanks very much - Monika Bednarek<br>
</blockquote>
<x-sigsep><p></x-sigsep>
Ramesh Krishnamurthy<br>
Lecturer in English Studies<br>
School of Languages and Social Sciences<br>
Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK<br>
Tel: +44 (0)121-204-3812<br>
Fax: +44 (0)121-204-3766<br>
<a href="http://www.aston.ac.uk/lss/staff/krishnamurthyr.jsp" eudora="autourl">
http://www.aston.ac.uk/lss/staff/krishnamurthyr.jsp</a></body>
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