John,<br><br>You'll confuse the issue with so many words.<br><br>For "completeness" I am happy to agree with Yorick Wilks and equate it with "decidability". I'm indebted to Yorick for pointing out this was how the problem was seen by generativists.
<br><br>What it means to be "computable" was first defined by Alan Turing (and Alonzo Church?) I do not intend my sense to differ in any way.<br><br>The question of decidability is a technical one within this framework. According to Turing's theory there are computable problems which are not decidable. It is not a question of adding more information, "semantic" or otherwise, to make them decidable. They are not decidable because they have too much power, not too little.
<br><br>I am suggesting natural language might be such a system.<br><br>That would not be a bad thing by the way. Decidability acts as a kind of straitjacket on computability. It is a limitation on its power. A generally computable model of natural language would be more powerful than a decidable model. It could be powerful enough to account for the detail of collocation and phraseology, for instance.
<br><br>To get that power we would only need to lose the ability to _label_ language definitively. That is the content of decidability: the ability to fit language to a grammar, nothing more. I personally would not be bothered it if turned out that tags and tree-banks were officially meaningless, and corpora the most complete description of a language possible, especially if that meant we could recognize speech accurately, and index information effectively.
<br><br>Anyway, I think the possibility is worth considering.<br><br>-Rob<br><br> On 9/9/07, <b class="gmail_sendername">John F. Sowa</b> <<a href="mailto:sowa@bestweb.net">sowa@bestweb.net</a>> wrote:<div><span class="gmail_quote">
</span><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex;">Rob,<br><br>The original definition of "generative grammar", which is used<br>
for formal languages, very explicit defines "completeness":<br><br> A language L is defined as the set of all and only those<br> sentences that can be generated (or parsed) by a grammar G.<br><br>This definition has proved to be very useful for artificial
<br>languages, such as programming languages and formal logics.<br><br>But it quickly became obvious that no grammar and parser could<br>come anywhere close to generating or parsing all and only the<br>sentences commonly used in any NL. Therefore, Chomsky qualified
<br>it by saying that G would only describe the "competence" of an<br>"ideal" speaker, not the performance of any actual speaker.<br><br>But even that definition is woefully inadequate, because there<br>
is no grammar/parser combination in existence today that can<br>correctly parse more than about 50% of the sentences published<br>in well-edited texts. (Many parsers can produce parses for more<br>than 50% of the sentences, but if you eliminate any parse that
<br>has one or more errors, as judged by a competent linguist, even<br>the best have difficulty in reaching 50% completely correct.)<br><br> > Take the opposite point of view. Assume only that language is<br> > generally computable. Then it may be undecidable.
<br><br>I don't know what you mean by "computable". But the question<br>of undecidability is trivial to show for any NL grammar in<br>existence today. Just pick up any any well-edited book, magazine,<br>or newspaper you can find around the house. Then run the sentences
<br>from the first page through the parser. That will demonstrate<br>that at least 99% of the grammars fail on a small finite set.<br>In the unlikely event that one of the parsers actually produces<br>correct parses for all the sentences, just try it on the next
<br>book, magazine, or newspaper.<br><br>By the way, you can get higher percentages of correct parses *if*<br>you supplement the grammar with semantic and pragmatic tests.<br>But that is harder to implement, and it violates Chomsky's
<br>assumption of the autonomy of syntax.<br><br>John<br><br></blockquote></div><br>