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The needs of students will vary by level. At the lowest levels, we obviously don't want to be teaching students obscure words, and you'll spend a lot of time on the most frequent, more grammaticized words, often in the guise of grammar instruction, but you'll also introduce vocabulary that figures low in general frequency counts but high in classroom situations (e.g., pencil, spelling, etc). <div><br></div><div>As students move into the intermediate levels, I think general frequency counts become most valuable. With the huge corpora currently available, range should be less of an issue here. Nor do I think that, for these learners, polysemy is the bugaboo that it is often made out to be, at least in terms of choosing what to learn. If I understand the paper correctly, I believe that Kilgarriff <<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px; "><a href="http://www.kilgarriff.co.uk/Publications/2004-K-TSD-CommonestSense.pdf">http://www.kilgarriff.co.uk/Publications/2004-K-TSD-CommonestSense.pdf</a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; ">> has shown that the most common meaning is usually very common, generally accounting for more than half of all uses. To me that makes the most common meaning worth studying.</span></span></div><div><br></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; ">In contrast, it is very rare to get a strong collocation that holds true for more than half of the instances of a word. A rare example would be "market capitalization", but even there, it's only overwhelming from the point of view of 'capitalization', a rather rare word. From the point of view of 'market', it's a trivial collocation. Generally, "strong" collocations are lucky to hold for 3% of the instances of the types of words that would be in the top 2000 word families of English.</span></span></div><div><br></div><div>The other problem with trying to teach collocations is that there are simply too many of them. I'm all in favour of surreptitiously including the strongest collocations when presenting a word as part of an example sentence, but there just isn't class time to address more than a tiny fraction of them. Collocations, I think, mostly have to be learned the way native speakers learn them, and for many students, that might mean that they simply aren't learned because there are more important things to spend your time on.</div><div><br></div><div>Finally, as we get up into higher levels of English, general frequency will become less important again. Here, people will be specializing. I think this is really the place where Ken Hyland's arguments against the AWL apply, not at the earlier levels. In fact, Ken wrote in an e-mail to me "We agree that the AWL is a truly impressive piece of work and probably helpful for general EAP purposes and early levels of study."</div><div><br></div><div>With respect to frequency and range, I think that in high-level ESP situations, an approach similar to Coxhead's in designing the AWL would be reasonable, but collocations and senses other than the most common will now become more useful. They will, however, only be manageable if the corpus is very large but very focussed. </div><div><br></div><div> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; text-indent: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; text-transform: none; orphans: 2; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; text-indent: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; text-transform: none; orphans: 2; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; "><div>Best,</div><div>Brett</div><div><br class="khtml-block-placeholder"></div><div><<a href="http://english-jack.blogspot.com">http://english-jack.blogspot.com</a>></div><div><br class="khtml-block-placeholder"></div><div>-----------------------</div><div>Brett Reynolds</div><div>English Language Centre</div><div>Humber College Institute of Technology and Advanced Learning</div><div>Toronto, Ontario, Canada</div><div><a href="mailto:brett.reynolds@humber.ca">brett.reynolds@humber.ca</a></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></span></span></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"> </div><br></body></html>