<div class="gmail_quote">On Mon, Feb 15, 2010 at 7:54 PM, Angus B. Grieve-Smith <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:grvsmth@panix.com">grvsmth@panix.com</a>></span> wrote:<br>
<blockquote style="BORDER-LEFT: #ccc 1px solid; MARGIN: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; PADDING-LEFT: 1ex" class="gmail_quote">
<div class="im">...<br> Incidentally, I'm not saying that Yiddish is or isn't a language; I'm saying that the question is not a purely linguistic one. <br>...</div> How do you figure out which one is the "base language" and which one is the "dialect"?<br>
<br> Why not just have a measure of mutual intelligibility? What do labels like "language" and "dialect" add to it?<br></blockquote>
<div>Hi, Angus & al.,</div>
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<div>Why not just have a measure of mutual intelligibility? ... Because very often the intelligibility is *not* mutual. There are lots of real-life examples. Perhaps the best-known one is that Portuguese speakers fairly readily understand (without extra language study) speakers of Spanish, while the latter have a much tougher time understanding Portuguese. Likewise, Midwestern American speakers are understood by speakers of nearly all other varieties of English much more readily than they understand speakers of other dialects. In both cases, aside from undoubted cultural reasons, the basic reason is that the readily-understood variety or language is similar in some sense to the 'underlying forms' of the less-readily-understood varieties. (This is, of course, way oversimplified.) In other words, we could view Portuguese (at least partially) as Spanish with a few extra rules added to it. Similarly, we could view British (or Boston or Southern US or ...) English as Midwestern American English with extra rules added (different ones in each case). If you speak the 'added rules' variety, in some sense you have the basic ('leveled', so to speak) variety as basic to the forms you actually utter, while the 'basic' speakers have no analogous way to get to the 'added' forms (of course, the added rules could delete material: cf. Northeast US, Southern US or British 'r-less' varieties to Midwestern US English). </div>
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<div>Of course, most situations are not so clear as these (and of course these ones have their own difficulties). But I trust the point is fairly clear, if not uncontroversial.</div>
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<div>Jim</div>
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<div>-- <br>James L. Fidelholtz<br>Posgrado en Ciencias del Lenguaje<br>Instituto de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades<br>Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, MÉXICO</div></div>