<html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:x="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:excel" xmlns:p="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:powerpoint" xmlns:a="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:access" xmlns:dt="uuid:C2F41010-65B3-11d1-A29F-00AA00C14882" xmlns:s="uuid:BDC6E3F0-6DA3-11d1-A2A3-00AA00C14882" xmlns:rs="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:rowset" xmlns:z="#RowsetSchema" xmlns:b="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:publisher" xmlns:ss="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet" xmlns:c="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:component:spreadsheet" xmlns:odc="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:odc" xmlns:oa="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:activation" xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40" xmlns:q="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:rtc="http://microsoft.com/officenet/conferencing" xmlns:D="DAV:" xmlns:Repl="http://schemas.microsoft.com/repl/" xmlns:mt="http://schemas.microsoft.com/sharepoint/soap/meetings/" xmlns:x2="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/excel/2003/xml" xmlns:ppda="http://www.passport.com/NameSpace.xsd" xmlns:ois="http://schemas.microsoft.com/sharepoint/soap/ois/" xmlns:dir="http://schemas.microsoft.com/sharepoint/soap/directory/" xmlns:ds="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#" xmlns:dsp="http://schemas.microsoft.com/sharepoint/dsp" xmlns:udc="http://schemas.microsoft.com/data/udc" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:sub="http://schemas.microsoft.com/sharepoint/soap/2002/1/alerts/" xmlns:ec="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#" xmlns:sp="http://schemas.microsoft.com/sharepoint/" xmlns:sps="http://schemas.microsoft.com/sharepoint/soap/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:udcs="http://schemas.microsoft.com/data/udc/soap" xmlns:udcxf="http://schemas.microsoft.com/data/udc/xmlfile" xmlns:udcp2p="http://schemas.microsoft.com/data/udc/parttopart" xmlns:wf="http://schemas.microsoft.com/sharepoint/soap/workflow/" xmlns:dsss="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2006/digsig-setup" xmlns:dssi="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2006/digsig" xmlns:mdssi="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/package/2006/digital-signature" xmlns:mver="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns:mrels="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/package/2006/relationships" xmlns:spwp="http://microsoft.com/sharepoint/webpartpages" xmlns:ex12t="http://schemas.microsoft.com/exchange/services/2006/types" xmlns:ex12m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/exchange/services/2006/messages" xmlns:pptsl="http://schemas.microsoft.com/sharepoint/soap/SlideLibrary/" xmlns:spsl="http://microsoft.com/webservices/SharePointPortalServer/PublishedLinksService" xmlns:Z="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:" xmlns:st="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<head>
<meta http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<meta name=Generator content="Microsoft Word 12 (filtered medium)">
<style>
<!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:"Cambria Math";
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Calibri;
panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Tahoma;
panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Consolas;
panose-1:2 11 6 9 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:"Century Schoolbook";
panose-1:2 4 6 4 5 5 5 2 3 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:blue;
text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:purple;
text-decoration:underline;}
pre
{mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-link:"HTML Preformatted Char";
margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New";}
span.HTMLPreformattedChar
{mso-style-name:"HTML Preformatted Char";
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-link:"HTML Preformatted";
font-family:Consolas;}
span.EmailStyle19
{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;}
@page Section1
{size:8.5in 11.0in;
margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;}
div.Section1
{page:Section1;}
-->
</style>
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext="edit">
<o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
</head>
<body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple>
<div class=Section1>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";
color:#1F497D'>Good to know that there is no thought behind our language.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";
color:#1F497D'>Leo</span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Century Schoolbook","serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> corpora-bounces@uib.no
[mailto:corpora-bounces@uib.no] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Bill Louw<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Saturday, May 29, 2010 7:03 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> corpora@uib.no; Angus Grieve-Smith<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Corpora-List] adverbial 'behind'<span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=624
style='width:6.5in;margin-left:.5in'>
<tr>
<td valign=top style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:10.0pt'><span style='font-family:
"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Hello all. The line of best fit for unpacking this
has nothing to do with grammar or syntax. It is proximity and context of
situation. Angus comes closest in my opinion. Firth would have said: ‘one
meaning of ‘behind’ is its collocability with <i>shit, bullshit, happen,
shooting etc’.</i>The semantic prosody provides the context of situation and
the concomitant levels of emotion. Collocation is as Firth says ‘abstracted
at the level of syntax’ and has nothing to do with concepts. Angus has
collected all of the relevant lines. SP does the rest. Drop the grammar and
find the (A) relevant persons personalities (B) relevant objects e.g. guns
and (C) the results of the verbal action and other action if you like …
prison. All done in 1957 and automated by the corpus. Bill </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><br>
<br>
--- On <b>Sat, 5/29/10, Angus Grieve-Smith <i><grvsmth@panix.com></i></b>
wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><br>
From: Angus Grieve-Smith <grvsmth@panix.com><br>
Subject: Re: [Corpora-List] adverbial 'behind'<br>
To: corpora@uib.no<br>
Date: Saturday, May 29, 2010, 7:03 PM<o:p></o:p></p>
<div id=yiv1702659484>
<p class=MsoNormal>On 5/29/2010 2:47 PM, E. Bashir wrote: <o:p></o:p></p>
<pre>Given all this, it looks like we have a semantic development in this dialect such that behind (spatial) > behind (temporal) > causal connection.<o:p></o:p></pre><pre> <o:p></o:p></pre>
<p class=MsoNormal><br>
I agree that it's a causal connection, but I'm guessing
that it developed out of the "responsibility" sense, not out of a
temporal sense. If it already existed in a temporal sense, we should
find things like "coincidentally, he went to jail for another offense
behind that stickup," but we don't - yet.<br>
<br>
On 5/29/2010 2:09 PM, Marc FRYD wrote: <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal>Thanks indeed to you all! And point taken about the
syntactic status...<br>
Re the 'behind' (preposition!) use in that particular example, is it standard
English usage? I ask, because I am not at all familiar with it in British
English.<br>
I now understand 'behind' to mean something like 'because' (thanks to JC
Khalifa, Linda Bawcome, E.Bashir). <br>
My initial reaction of excitement was frustrated because I thought it looked
like a case of an elusive aspectual perfective periphrasis which I've only
found mentioned once in Visser (1973: 2211) who quoted the following:
"E's behind telling tu Mr. Baker" (1892 Sarah Hewett, <i>Peasant
Speech of Devon</i>, 21). Visser has this meaning the same as the perfective
"after -ing" periphrasis of Irish English. Having lived a number of
years in Devon, I must say that I never had the good fortune to come across
any other occurrence of this particular turn of phrase...<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><br>
This seems to be an independent, but parallel, development
from that. It's definitely not standard English, and I don't remember
hearing it before. But from the places we've seen it attested (The
Wire, Oprah, Michael Vick, "Lajeep" on Urbandictionary), it seems
to be centered in African American English. Not the New York dialect,
and probably not Chicago, but Mid-Atlantic, and possibly other regions.<o:p></o:p></p>
<pre>-- <o:p></o:p></pre><pre> -Angus B. Grieve-Smith<o:p></o:p></pre><pre> <a
href="http://us.mc653.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=grvsmth@panix.com"
target="_blank">grvsmth@panix.com</a><o:p></o:p></pre></div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><br>
-----Inline Attachment Follows-----<o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal>_______________________________________________<br>
Corpora mailing list<br>
<a href="http://us.mc653.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=Corpora@uib.no">Corpora@uib.no</a><br>
<a href="http://mailman.uib.no/listinfo/corpora" target="_blank">http://mailman.uib.no/listinfo/corpora</a><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
</body>
</html>