Eric,<div><br></div><div>I just wrote a book chapter on "How many words are there" which seems moderately relevant - here's part of the section on imports:</div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;color:red"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%">Restaurant English</span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">As explained by Douglas Adams in the Hitchhikers’ Guide to
the Galaxy, a distinct form of
mathematics takes over in restaurants. Likewise, a distinct form of English. Let us make a linguistic visit to the
grandest of our local vegetarian
restaurants, ‘Terre a Terre’. A sample
of their menu:<span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size:9pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Arial,sans-serif"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size:9pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Arial,sans-serif">Red onion, mustard seed, cumin crumpets with coconut curry leaf
and lime sabayon, ginger root chilli jam and a fresh coriander, mint salsa sas.
Served with thakkali rasam of tamarind and tomato, nimbu bhat cardamom brown
onion lemon saffron baked basmati rice with our</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size:9pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Arial,sans-serif"> </span></span><span style="font-size:9pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Arial,sans-serif"> <span class="apple-style-span">confit brinjal pickle.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:9pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Arial,sans-serif"><span class="apple-style-span"><br></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The peculiar thing about this form of English is that, while
the language is English, most of the nouns don’t seem to be. They form a subtext to the history of the
population itself, with:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p><ul><li>Indigenous: <i>onion
mustard seed crumpet leaf root jam mint pickle</i></li><li>Fully naturalised: c<i>umin
coconut curry lime ginger coriander tamarind tomato cardamom saffron rice</i></li><li>Recent (within my lifetime)<i>: salsa bhat basmati confit brinjal</i></li><li>Novel<span class="apple-style-span"><i><span style="font-size:9pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Arial,sans-serif">: </span><span style="line-height:115%;font-family:Arial,sans-serif">s</span></i></span><i><span style="line-height:115%">abayon sas thakali rasam nimbu</span></i></li>
</ul><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">A restaurant like Terre a Terre is at the leading edge of both
culinary and linguistic multiculturalism.
All sorts of other areas have their borrowings too: wherever we share
artefacts or ideas or practices with another culture, we import associated
vocabulary, for example in music (<i>bhangra,
didgeridoo</i>), clothes (<i>pashmina,
lederhosen) </i>or religion <i>(stupa,muezzin)</i>. The question “but is this word English”
feels narrow-minded and unhelpful. To
give a number to the words of English, we would need to be narrow-minded and
unhelpful .</p><p class="MsoNormal"><br></p><p class="MsoNormal">Best</p><p class="MsoNormal"><br></p><p class="MsoNormal">Adam</p><br><div class="gmail_quote">On 28 February 2013 10:03, Eric Atwell <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:E.S.Atwell@leeds.ac.uk" target="_blank">E.S.Atwell@leeds.ac.uk</a>></span> wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">Can anyone point me at research on vocabulary related to Islam,<br>
and how it figures in British dictionaries and corpora?<br>
(other than "Terrorism" of course - well-researched by corpus linguists :-)<br>
<br>
We have a UK-EPSRC project on "Natural Language Processing Working<br>
Together With Arabic And Islamic Studies", focussing on Tajweed.<br>
I've just discovered a Quite Interesting fact about Tajweed:<br>
<br>
It is worth noting that even though "Tajweed" is a term understood by<br>
most British muslims (2.7 million or 5% of the UK population according<br>
to UK Census 2011), the word is left out of most British English<br>
dictionaries: it is not found in the Oxford English Dictionary, the<br>
Collins English Dictionary, or the Longman Dicitionary of Contemporary<br>
English. "Tajweed" is also not found in the 100-million-word British<br>
National Corpus, although Google search for "tajweed" reports "About<br>
1,800,000 results".<br>
<br>
The only English-language "dictionary definition" I could find for<br>
"Tajweed" was in Wikipedia:<br>
<br>
Tajw.d (Arabic: ...... ta.w.d: IPA: [tæ.wi.d]) is an Arabic word for<br>
elocution and refers to the rules governing pronunciation during<br>
recitation of the Qur'an.<br>
<br>
I would have thought that, although the word is Arabic by origin, it is now a fully-British English loan word, used by many British English speakers....<br>
<br>
<br>
Eric Atwell, Associate Professor, Language research group,<br>
I-AIBS Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biological Systems<br>
School of Computing, Faculty of Engineering, UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS<br>
Leeds LS2 9JT, England. TEL: 0113-3435430 FAX: 0113-3435468<br>
WWW: <a href="http://www.comp.leeds.ac.uk/eric" target="_blank">http://www.comp.leeds.ac.uk/<u></u>eric</a><br>
<a href="http://www.comp.leeds.ac.uk/nlp" target="_blank">http://www.comp.leeds.ac.uk/<u></u>nlp</a><br>
<a href="http://www.comp.leeds.ac.uk/arabic" target="_blank">http://www.comp.leeds.ac.uk/<u></u>arabic</a><br>
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<br></blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><div><br></div>-- <br>========================================<br><a href="http://www.kilgarriff.co.uk/" target="_blank">Adam Kilgarriff</a> <a href="mailto:adam@lexmasterclass.com" target="_blank">adam@lexmasterclass.com</a> <br>
Director <a href="http://www.sketchengine.co.uk/" target="_blank">Lexical Computing Ltd</a> <br>Visiting Research Fellow <a href="http://leeds.ac.uk" target="_blank">University of Leeds</a> <div>
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