<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=windows-1252"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;">Hi,`<div><br><div>In discussing Patrick, I think you should realize that he was basing his prototypes on Wittgenstein, not Rosch. The articles where he discusses these are:</div><div><br></div><div><blockquote type="cite"><div class="page" title="Page 23"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: MinionPro;">Hanks, P. 1994. Linguistic norms and pragmatic exploitations or, why lexicographers need pro</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: MinionPro;">totype theory, and vice versa. </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: MinionPro; font-style: italic;">Papers in Computational Lexicography: Complex </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: MinionPro;">94: 89–113.</span></p></div></div></div></blockquote>and<br><blockquote type="cite"><div class="page" title="Page 23"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: MinionPro;">Hanks, P. 2000. Do word meanings exist? </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: MinionPro; font-style: italic;">Computers and the Humanities </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: MinionPro;">34(1–2): 205–215. </span></p><div><br></div></div></div></div></blockquote>The aim was to create lexicographical prototypes to deal with polysemy by having a continuum of variations of meaning. I have used this myself in collocational resonance, something I share with Patrick, and multilingual prototypes for variations across genres and across languages.</div><div><br></div><div>You need to read Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations, rather than the Tractatus, for family resemblances, notably with a discussion go ‘game’.</div><div><br></div><div>Best</div><div><br></div><div>Geoffrey</div></div><div><br></div><div style=""><div>Le 28 juin 2014 à 11:00, Krishnamurthy, Ramesh <<a href="mailto:r.krishnamurthy@aston.ac.uk">r.krishnamurthy@aston.ac.uk</a>> a écrit :</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><blockquote type="cite">Hi Erin/Alex<br>Apologies to all for hitting 'send' before inserting the subject line in my previous email....<br><br>One additional point: I was interested to see, glancing through the occurrences of 'prototypical' in<br>009_2004_V1_Patrick HANKS_Corpus pattern ... - Euralex<<a href="http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=5&ved=0CDkQFjAE&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.euralex.org%2Felx_proceedings%2FEuralex2004%2F009_2004_V1_Patrick%2520HANKS_Corpus%2520pattern%2520analysis.pdf&ei=9n2uU-e4Hu2g7AadnYCADA&usg=AFQjCNGtE5j1N-FunxRyaCWmROMIYFk_Ng&bvm=bv.69837884,d.ZGU">http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=5&ved=0CDkQFjAE&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.euralex.org%2Felx_proceedings%2FEuralex2004%2F009_2004_V1_Patrick%2520HANKS_Corpus%2520pattern%2520analysis.pdf&ei=9n2uU-e4Hu2g7AadnYCADA&usg=AFQjCNGtE5j1N-FunxRyaCWmROMIYFk_Ng&bvm=bv.69837884,d.ZGU</a>><a href="http://www.euralex.org/.../009_2004_V1_Patrick%20HANKS_Corpus%20patt">www.euralex.org/.../009_2004_V1_Patrick%20HANKS_Corpus%20patt</a>...<br>that he *rarely* used it *in the way that Erin specified*, namely "the most central use of a word"....<br><br>Instead , i noticed it was mostly 'prototypical syntagmatic *patterns*, prototypical *usage*, prototypical *direct objects*, etc',<br>i.e. linguistic items/features at higher levels of abstraction than 'word senses'.<br><br>I didn't look carefully enough, so there may a citation in Erin's limited sense, but if not, perhaps Patrick was, consciously<br>or subconsciously, telling us something about his understanding of the relationship between 'prototypes' and 'word senses'?<br><br><blockquote type="cite">From various conversations with Patrick, i remember the names Jackendoff, Rosch, and Wierzbicka came up in connection with<br></blockquote>prototype theory, but i can't remember any details, i'm afraid...<br><br>best<br>ramesh<br><br><br><br><br>------------------<br>Dear all<br><br>Various bits of discussion on this in several places in Patrick's 2013 book, including around pp90-105 and 340, but it's pretty much what the whole book is about - norms (cf prototypes) not just of lexis but of pretty much any type of language use, and exploitations.<br><br> * Hanks, P. 2013. Lexical Analysis: Norms and Exploitations . Cambridge MA: MIT Press.<br><br>Some great quotes too, eg p91-92 " Prototypical, normal usage is very easy to spot?; it is also very boring."<br><br>Best<br>alex<br><br>_____________________________<br>Alex Boulton<br><br>Professor of English and Applied Linguistics<br><br>Université de Lorraine : Pearl, Erudi, Dépt d'anglais<br><br>homepage : <a href="http://bit.ly/BoultonATILF">http://bit.ly/BoultonATILF</a><br><br>Responsable équipe Didactique (Crapel)<br>Atilf : CNRS, UL<br>( +33) 03 54 50 51 06<br><br>ReCALL, Eurocall, Geras, TaLC<br>----- Mail original -----<br><br><blockquote type="cite">De: "Erin McKean" <<a href="mailto:erin@logocracy.com">erin@logocracy.com</a>><br>À: <a href="mailto:corpora@uib.no">corpora@uib.no</a><br>Envoyé: Samedi 28 Juin 2014 03:26:25<br>Objet: [Corpora-List] examples of the use of the terms "prototypical"<br>or "prototypicality"<br></blockquote><br><blockquote type="cite">Dear Corpora-Lers,<br></blockquote><br><blockquote type="cite">Does anyone have handy citations for the use of "prototypical" or<br>"prototypicality" in corpus linguistics to mean something roughly<br>equivalent to "the most central use of a word, especially in regards<br>to<br>referents or collocations"?<br></blockquote><br><blockquote type="cite">I'm thinking of the case where you describe senses of a word in an<br>order<br>that roughly maps to "core -- periphery" rather than historical order<br>or<br>frequency of use. E.g. for things like "cask", the "water-tight<br>vessel"<br>would be a more prototypical sense than the "unit of capacity for<br>what<br>can be held in a cask" sense.<br></blockquote><br><blockquote type="cite">My feeling is that this is described quite beautifully by Patrick<br>Hanks<br>somewhere but I can't seem to find a reference!<br></blockquote><br><blockquote type="cite">Any help gratefully appreciated!<br></blockquote><br><blockquote type="cite">Yours,<br></blockquote><br><blockquote type="cite">Erin<br>---------------------<br>Erin McKean<br>@emckean/@reverb/@wordnik<br><a href="http://wordnik.com">wordnik.com</a><br>helloreverb.com<br></blockquote><br>________________________________<br>From: Krishnamurthy, Ramesh<br>Sent: 28 June 2014 09:44<br>To: <a href="mailto:erin@logocracy.com">erin@logocracy.com</a><br>Cc: <a href="mailto:corpora@uib.no">corpora@uib.no</a><br>Subject:<br><br><br>Hi Erin<br><br>I just typed 'hanks prototypical' into Google and obtained several hits...<br><br>#1 The website at seems to be down at the moment,<br>but there is at least one citation at nlp.fi.muni.cz/projekty/cpa/<br><br>#2 one of the google hits was patrick hanks's paper at:<br>009_2004_V1_Patrick HANKS_Corpus pattern ... - Euralex<<a href="http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=5&ved=0CDkQFjAE&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.euralex.org%2Felx_proceedings%2FEuralex2004%2F009_2004_V1_Patrick%2520HANKS_Corpus%2520pattern%2520analysis.pdf&ei=9n2uU-e4Hu2g7AadnYCADA&usg=AFQjCNGtE5j1N-FunxRyaCWmROMIYFk_Ng&bvm=bv.69837884,d.ZGU">http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=5&ved=0CDkQFjAE&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.euralex.org%2Felx_proceedings%2FEuralex2004%2F009_2004_V1_Patrick%2520HANKS_Corpus%2520pattern%2520analysis.pdf&ei=9n2uU-e4Hu2g7AadnYCADA&usg=AFQjCNGtE5j1N-FunxRyaCWmROMIYFk_Ng&bvm=bv.69837884,d.ZGU</a>><a href="http://www.euralex.org/.../009_2004_V1_Patrick%20HANKS_Corpus%20patt">www.euralex.org/.../009_2004_V1_Patrick%20HANKS_Corpus%20patt</a>...<br><br>#3 this paper's list of references includes:<br>Hanks, Patrick. 1994. 'Linguistic Norms and Pragmatic Explanations, or Why<br>Lexicographers need Prototype Theory and Vice Versa' in F. Kiefer, G. Kiss, and J.<br>Pajzs (eds.), Papers in Computational Lexicography: Complex '94. Research institute<br>for Linguistics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences.<br><br>#4 Google Scholar offers 4,950 hits for 'hanks prototypical'<br><br>best<br>ramesh<br>---------------<br>Date: Fri, 27 Jun 2014 18:26:25 -0700<br>From: Erin McKean <<a href="mailto:erin@logocracy.com">erin@logocracy.com</a>><br>Subject: [Corpora-List] examples of the use of the terms<br> "prototypical" or "prototypicality"<br>To: <a href="mailto:corpora@uib.no">corpora@uib.no</a><br><br>Dear Corpora-Lers,<br><br>Does anyone have handy citations for the use of "prototypical" or<br>"prototypicality" in corpus linguistics to mean something roughly<br>equivalent to "the most central use of a word, especially in regards to<br>referents or collocations"?<br><br>I'm thinking of the case where you describe senses of a word in an order<br>that roughly maps to "core -- periphery" rather than historical order or<br>frequency of use. E.g. for things like "cask", the "water-tight vessel"<br>would be a more prototypical sense than the "unit of capacity for what<br>can be held in a cask" sense.<br><br>My feeling is that this is described quite beautifully by Patrick Hanks<br>somewhere but I can't seem to find a reference!<br><br>Any help gratefully appreciated!<br><br>Yours,<br><br>Erin<br>---------------------<br>Erin McKean<br>@emckean/@reverb/@wordnik<br><a href="http://wordnik.com">wordnik.com</a><br>helloreverb.com<br><br><br><br>_______________________________________________<br>UNSUBSCRIBE from this page: http://mailman.uib.no/options/corpora<br>Corpora mailing list<br>Corpora@uib.no<br>http://mailman.uib.no/listinfo/corpora<br></blockquote></div><br><div>
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