<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=windows-1252"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;">Hi Angus,<div><br></div><div>I do not believe he ever used the word. It is possibly more Patrick who called them thus. We can only wait for Patrick to weigh in with an answer, or maybe Bill Louw as he is more philosophically read than I.</div><div><br></div><div>Best</div><div><br></div><div>Geoffrey</div><div><br><div><div>Le 28 juin 2014 à 20:46, Angus B. Grieve-Smith <<a href="mailto:grvsmth@panix.com">grvsmth@panix.com</a>> a écrit :</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><blockquote type="cite">
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<div class="moz-cite-prefix"> Rosch definitely built on
Wittgenstein. I know Wittgenstein talked about family
resemblances, but I don't know where he talked about prototypes.
I discuss his example of "games" here:<br>
<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://grieve-smith.com/blog/2013/02/in-a-wittgensteinian-sort-of-way/">http://grieve-smith.com/blog/2013/02/in-a-wittgensteinian-sort-of-way/</a><br>
<br>
Thanks for the pointeres to Hanks' work!<br>
<br>
On 06/28/2014 02:04 PM, Geoffrey Williams wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote cite="mid:8A962CFD-2192-4DB6-AFFC-CAB3CD85C659@univ-ubs.fr" type="cite">
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Hi,`
<div><br>
<div>In discussing Patrick, I think you should realize that he
was basing his prototypes on Wittgenstein, not Rosch. The
articles where he discusses these are:</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div class="page" title="Page 23">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column"><p><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family:
MinionPro;">Hanks, P. 1994. Linguistic norms and
pragmatic exploitations or, why lexicographers
need pro</span><span style="font-size: 9pt;
font-family: MinionPro;">totype theory, and vice
versa. </span><span style="font-size: 9pt;
font-family: MinionPro; font-style: italic;">Papers
in Computational Lexicography: Complex </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: MinionPro;">94:
89–113.</span></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
and<br>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div class="page" title="Page 23">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column"><p><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family:
MinionPro;">Hanks, P. 2000. Do word meanings
exist? </span><span style="font-size: 9pt;
font-family: MinionPro; font-style: italic;">Computers
and the Humanities </span><span style="font-size:
9pt; font-family: MinionPro;">34(1–2): 205–215. </span></p>
<div><br>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
The aim was to create lexicographical prototypes to deal with
polysemy by having a continuum of variations of meaning. I
have used this myself in collocational resonance, something I
share with Patrick, and multilingual prototypes for variations
across genres and across languages.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>You need to read Wittgenstein’s Philosophical
Investigations, rather than the Tractatus, for family
resemblances, notably with a discussion go ‘game’.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Best</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Geoffrey</div>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div style="">
<div>Le 28 juin 2014 à 11:00, Krishnamurthy, Ramesh <<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:r.krishnamurthy@aston.ac.uk">r.krishnamurthy@aston.ac.uk</a>>
a écrit :</div>
<br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
<blockquote type="cite">Hi Erin/Alex<br>
Apologies to all for hitting 'send' before inserting the
subject line in my previous email....<br>
<br>
One additional point: I was interested to see, glancing
through the occurrences of 'prototypical' in<br>
009_2004_V1_Patrick HANKS_Corpus pattern ... - Euralex<<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=5&ved=0CDkQFjAE&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.euralex.org%2Felx_proceedings%2FEuralex2004%2F009_2004_V1_Patrick%2520HANKS_Corpus%2520pattern%2520analysis.pdf&ei=9n2uU-e4Hu2g7AadnYCADA&usg=AFQjCNGtE5j1N-FunxRyaCWmROMIYFk_Ng&bvm=bv.69837884,d.ZGU">http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=5&ved=0CDkQFjAE&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.euralex.org%2Felx_proceedings%2FEuralex2004%2F009_2004_V1_Patrick%2520HANKS_Corpus%2520pattern%2520analysis.pdf&ei=9n2uU-e4Hu2g7AadnYCADA&usg=AFQjCNGtE5j1N-FunxRyaCWmROMIYFk_Ng&bvm=bv.69837884,d.ZGU</a>><a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://www.euralex.org/.../009_2004_V1_Patrick%20HANKS_Corpus%20patt">www.euralex.org/.../009_2004_V1_Patrick%20HANKS_Corpus%20patt</a>...<br>
that he *rarely* used it *in the way that Erin specified*,
namely "the most central use of a word"....<br>
<br>
Instead , i noticed it was mostly 'prototypical syntagmatic
*patterns*, prototypical *usage*, prototypical *direct
objects*, etc',<br>
i.e. linguistic items/features at higher levels of abstraction
than 'word senses'.<br>
<br>
I didn't look carefully enough, so there may a citation in
Erin's limited sense, but if not, perhaps Patrick was,
consciously<br>
or subconsciously, telling us something about his
understanding of the relationship between 'prototypes' and
'word senses'?<br>
<br>
<blockquote type="cite">From various conversations with
Patrick, i remember the names Jackendoff, Rosch, and
Wierzbicka came up in connection with<br>
</blockquote>
prototype theory, but i can't remember any details, i'm
afraid...<br>
<br>
best<br>
ramesh<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
------------------<br>
Dear all<br>
<br>
Various bits of discussion on this in several places in
Patrick's 2013 book, including around pp90-105 and 340, but
it's pretty much what the whole book is about - norms (cf
prototypes) not just of lexis but of pretty much any type of
language use, and exploitations.<br>
<br>
* Hanks, P. 2013. Lexical Analysis: Norms and Exploitations
. Cambridge MA: MIT Press.<br>
<br>
Some great quotes too, eg p91-92 " Prototypical, normal usage
is very easy to spot?; it is also very boring."<br>
<br>
Best<br>
alex<br>
<br>
_____________________________<br>
Alex Boulton<br>
<br>
Professor of English and Applied Linguistics<br>
<br>
Université de Lorraine : Pearl, Erudi, Dépt d'anglais<br>
<br>
homepage : <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://bit.ly/BoultonATILF">http://bit.ly/BoultonATILF</a><br>
<br>
Responsable équipe Didactique (Crapel)<br>
Atilf : CNRS, UL<br>
( +33) 03 54 50 51 06<br>
<br>
ReCALL, Eurocall, Geras, TaLC<br>
----- Mail original -----<br>
<br>
<blockquote type="cite">De: "Erin McKean" <<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:erin@logocracy.com">erin@logocracy.com</a>><br>
À: <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:corpora@uib.no">corpora@uib.no</a><br>
Envoyé: Samedi 28 Juin 2014 03:26:25<br>
Objet: [Corpora-List] examples of the use of the terms
"prototypical"<br>
or "prototypicality"<br>
</blockquote>
<br>
<blockquote type="cite">Dear Corpora-Lers,<br>
</blockquote>
<br>
<blockquote type="cite">Does anyone have handy citations for
the use of "prototypical" or<br>
"prototypicality" in corpus linguistics to mean something
roughly<br>
equivalent to "the most central use of a word, especially in
regards<br>
to<br>
referents or collocations"?<br>
</blockquote>
<br>
<blockquote type="cite">I'm thinking of the case where you
describe senses of a word in an<br>
order<br>
that roughly maps to "core -- periphery" rather than
historical order<br>
or<br>
frequency of use. E.g. for things like "cask", the
"water-tight<br>
vessel"<br>
would be a more prototypical sense than the "unit of
capacity for<br>
what<br>
can be held in a cask" sense.<br>
</blockquote>
<br>
<blockquote type="cite">My feeling is that this is described
quite beautifully by Patrick<br>
Hanks<br>
somewhere but I can't seem to find a reference!<br>
</blockquote>
<br>
<blockquote type="cite">Any help gratefully appreciated!<br>
</blockquote>
<br>
<blockquote type="cite">Yours,<br>
</blockquote>
<br>
<blockquote type="cite">Erin<br>
---------------------<br>
Erin McKean<br>
@emckean/@reverb/@wordnik<br>
<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://wordnik.com/">wordnik.com</a><br>
<a href="http://helloreverb.com">helloreverb.com</a><br>
</blockquote>
<br>
________________________________<br>
From: Krishnamurthy, Ramesh<br>
Sent: 28 June 2014 09:44<br>
To: <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:erin@logocracy.com">erin@logocracy.com</a><br>
Cc: <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:corpora@uib.no">corpora@uib.no</a><br>
Subject:<br>
<br>
<br>
Hi Erin<br>
<br>
I just typed 'hanks prototypical' into Google and obtained
several hits...<br>
<br>
#1 The website at seems to be down at the moment,<br>
but there is at least one citation at
nlp.fi.muni.cz/projekty/cpa/<br>
<br>
#2 one of the google hits was patrick hanks's paper at:<br>
009_2004_V1_Patrick HANKS_Corpus pattern ... - Euralex<<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=5&ved=0CDkQFjAE&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.euralex.org%2Felx_proceedings%2FEuralex2004%2F009_2004_V1_Patrick%2520HANKS_Corpus%2520pattern%2520analysis.pdf&ei=9n2uU-e4Hu2g7AadnYCADA&usg=AFQjCNGtE5j1N-FunxRyaCWmROMIYFk_Ng&bvm=bv.69837884,d.ZGU">http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=5&ved=0CDkQFjAE&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.euralex.org%2Felx_proceedings%2FEuralex2004%2F009_2004_V1_Patrick%2520HANKS_Corpus%2520pattern%2520analysis.pdf&ei=9n2uU-e4Hu2g7AadnYCADA&usg=AFQjCNGtE5j1N-FunxRyaCWmROMIYFk_Ng&bvm=bv.69837884,d.ZGU</a>><a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://www.euralex.org/.../009_2004_V1_Patrick%20HANKS_Corpus%20patt">www.euralex.org/.../009_2004_V1_Patrick%20HANKS_Corpus%20patt</a>...<br>
<br>
#3 this paper's list of references includes:<br>
Hanks, Patrick. 1994. 'Linguistic Norms and Pragmatic
Explanations, or Why<br>
Lexicographers need Prototype Theory and Vice Versa' in F.
Kiefer, G. Kiss, and J.<br>
Pajzs (eds.), Papers in Computational Lexicography: Complex
'94. Research institute<br>
for Linguistics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences.<br>
<br>
#4 Google Scholar offers 4,950 hits for 'hanks prototypical'<br>
<br>
best<br>
ramesh<br>
---------------<br>
Date: Fri, 27 Jun 2014 18:26:25 -0700<br>
From: Erin McKean <<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:erin@logocracy.com">erin@logocracy.com</a>><br>
Subject: [Corpora-List] examples of the use of the terms<br>
"prototypical" or "prototypicality"<br>
To: <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:corpora@uib.no">corpora@uib.no</a><br>
<br>
Dear Corpora-Lers,<br>
<br>
Does anyone have handy citations for the use of "prototypical"
or<br>
"prototypicality" in corpus linguistics to mean something
roughly<br>
equivalent to "the most central use of a word, especially in
regards to<br>
referents or collocations"?<br>
<br>
I'm thinking of the case where you describe senses of a word
in an order<br>
that roughly maps to "core -- periphery" rather than
historical order or<br>
frequency of use. E.g. for things like "cask", the
"water-tight vessel"<br>
would be a more prototypical sense than the "unit of capacity
for what<br>
can be held in a cask" sense.<br>
<br>
My feeling is that this is described quite beautifully by
Patrick Hanks<br>
somewhere but I can't seem to find a reference!<br>
<br>
Any help gratefully appreciated!<br>
<br>
Yours,<br>
<br>
Erin<br>
---------------------<br>
Erin McKean<br>
@emckean/@reverb/@wordnik<br>
<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://wordnik.com/">wordnik.com</a><br>
<a href="http://helloreverb.com">helloreverb.com</a><br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
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<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
Angus B. Grieve-Smith
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:grvsmth@panix.com">grvsmth@panix.com</a></pre>
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