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<div class="moz-cite-prefix"> Rosch definitely built on
Wittgenstein. I know Wittgenstein talked about family
resemblances, but I don't know where he talked about prototypes.
I discuss his example of "games" here:<br>
<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://grieve-smith.com/blog/2013/02/in-a-wittgensteinian-sort-of-way/">http://grieve-smith.com/blog/2013/02/in-a-wittgensteinian-sort-of-way/</a><br>
<br>
Thanks for the pointeres to Hanks' work!<br>
<br>
On 06/28/2014 02:04 PM, Geoffrey Williams wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote
cite="mid:8A962CFD-2192-4DB6-AFFC-CAB3CD85C659@univ-ubs.fr"
type="cite">
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Hi,`
<div><br>
<div>In discussing Patrick, I think you should realize that he
was basing his prototypes on Wittgenstein, not Rosch. The
articles where he discusses these are:</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div class="page" title="Page 23">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column">
<p><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family:
MinionPro;">Hanks, P. 1994. Linguistic norms and
pragmatic exploitations or, why lexicographers
need pro</span><span style="font-size: 9pt;
font-family: MinionPro;">totype theory, and vice
versa. </span><span style="font-size: 9pt;
font-family: MinionPro; font-style: italic;">Papers
in Computational Lexicography: Complex </span><span
style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: MinionPro;">94:
89–113.</span></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
and<br>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div class="page" title="Page 23">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column">
<p><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family:
MinionPro;">Hanks, P. 2000. Do word meanings
exist? </span><span style="font-size: 9pt;
font-family: MinionPro; font-style: italic;">Computers
and the Humanities </span><span style="font-size:
9pt; font-family: MinionPro;">34(1–2): 205–215. </span></p>
<div><br>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
The aim was to create lexicographical prototypes to deal with
polysemy by having a continuum of variations of meaning. I
have used this myself in collocational resonance, something I
share with Patrick, and multilingual prototypes for variations
across genres and across languages.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>You need to read Wittgenstein’s Philosophical
Investigations, rather than the Tractatus, for family
resemblances, notably with a discussion go ‘game’.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Best</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Geoffrey</div>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div style="">
<div>Le 28 juin 2014 à 11:00, Krishnamurthy, Ramesh <<a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:r.krishnamurthy@aston.ac.uk">r.krishnamurthy@aston.ac.uk</a>>
a écrit :</div>
<br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
<blockquote type="cite">Hi Erin/Alex<br>
Apologies to all for hitting 'send' before inserting the
subject line in my previous email....<br>
<br>
One additional point: I was interested to see, glancing
through the occurrences of 'prototypical' in<br>
009_2004_V1_Patrick HANKS_Corpus pattern ... - Euralex<<a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=5&ved=0CDkQFjAE&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.euralex.org%2Felx_proceedings%2FEuralex2004%2F009_2004_V1_Patrick%2520HANKS_Corpus%2520pattern%2520analysis.pdf&ei=9n2uU-e4Hu2g7AadnYCADA&usg=AFQjCNGtE5j1N-FunxRyaCWmROMIYFk_Ng&bvm=bv.69837884,d.ZGU">http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=5&ved=0CDkQFjAE&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.euralex.org%2Felx_proceedings%2FEuralex2004%2F009_2004_V1_Patrick%2520HANKS_Corpus%2520pattern%2520analysis.pdf&ei=9n2uU-e4Hu2g7AadnYCADA&usg=AFQjCNGtE5j1N-FunxRyaCWmROMIYFk_Ng&bvm=bv.69837884,d.ZGU</a>><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.euralex.org/.../009_2004_V1_Patrick%20HANKS_Corpus%20patt">www.euralex.org/.../009_2004_V1_Patrick%20HANKS_Corpus%20patt</a>...<br>
that he *rarely* used it *in the way that Erin specified*,
namely "the most central use of a word"....<br>
<br>
Instead , i noticed it was mostly 'prototypical syntagmatic
*patterns*, prototypical *usage*, prototypical *direct
objects*, etc',<br>
i.e. linguistic items/features at higher levels of abstraction
than 'word senses'.<br>
<br>
I didn't look carefully enough, so there may a citation in
Erin's limited sense, but if not, perhaps Patrick was,
consciously<br>
or subconsciously, telling us something about his
understanding of the relationship between 'prototypes' and
'word senses'?<br>
<br>
<blockquote type="cite">From various conversations with
Patrick, i remember the names Jackendoff, Rosch, and
Wierzbicka came up in connection with<br>
</blockquote>
prototype theory, but i can't remember any details, i'm
afraid...<br>
<br>
best<br>
ramesh<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
------------------<br>
Dear all<br>
<br>
Various bits of discussion on this in several places in
Patrick's 2013 book, including around pp90-105 and 340, but
it's pretty much what the whole book is about - norms (cf
prototypes) not just of lexis but of pretty much any type of
language use, and exploitations.<br>
<br>
* Hanks, P. 2013. Lexical Analysis: Norms and Exploitations
. Cambridge MA: MIT Press.<br>
<br>
Some great quotes too, eg p91-92 " Prototypical, normal usage
is very easy to spot?; it is also very boring."<br>
<br>
Best<br>
alex<br>
<br>
_____________________________<br>
Alex Boulton<br>
<br>
Professor of English and Applied Linguistics<br>
<br>
Université de Lorraine : Pearl, Erudi, Dépt d'anglais<br>
<br>
homepage : <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://bit.ly/BoultonATILF">http://bit.ly/BoultonATILF</a><br>
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ReCALL, Eurocall, Geras, TaLC<br>
----- Mail original -----<br>
<br>
<blockquote type="cite">De: "Erin McKean" <<a
moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:erin@logocracy.com">erin@logocracy.com</a>><br>
À: <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:corpora@uib.no">corpora@uib.no</a><br>
Envoyé: Samedi 28 Juin 2014 03:26:25<br>
Objet: [Corpora-List] examples of the use of the terms
"prototypical"<br>
or "prototypicality"<br>
</blockquote>
<br>
<blockquote type="cite">Dear Corpora-Lers,<br>
</blockquote>
<br>
<blockquote type="cite">Does anyone have handy citations for
the use of "prototypical" or<br>
"prototypicality" in corpus linguistics to mean something
roughly<br>
equivalent to "the most central use of a word, especially in
regards<br>
to<br>
referents or collocations"?<br>
</blockquote>
<br>
<blockquote type="cite">I'm thinking of the case where you
describe senses of a word in an<br>
order<br>
that roughly maps to "core -- periphery" rather than
historical order<br>
or<br>
frequency of use. E.g. for things like "cask", the
"water-tight<br>
vessel"<br>
would be a more prototypical sense than the "unit of
capacity for<br>
what<br>
can be held in a cask" sense.<br>
</blockquote>
<br>
<blockquote type="cite">My feeling is that this is described
quite beautifully by Patrick<br>
Hanks<br>
somewhere but I can't seem to find a reference!<br>
</blockquote>
<br>
<blockquote type="cite">Any help gratefully appreciated!<br>
</blockquote>
<br>
<blockquote type="cite">Yours,<br>
</blockquote>
<br>
<blockquote type="cite">Erin<br>
---------------------<br>
Erin McKean<br>
@emckean/@reverb/@wordnik<br>
<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://wordnik.com">wordnik.com</a><br>
helloreverb.com<br>
</blockquote>
<br>
________________________________<br>
From: Krishnamurthy, Ramesh<br>
Sent: 28 June 2014 09:44<br>
To: <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:erin@logocracy.com">erin@logocracy.com</a><br>
Cc: <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:corpora@uib.no">corpora@uib.no</a><br>
Subject:<br>
<br>
<br>
Hi Erin<br>
<br>
I just typed 'hanks prototypical' into Google and obtained
several hits...<br>
<br>
#1 The website at seems to be down at the moment,<br>
but there is at least one citation at
nlp.fi.muni.cz/projekty/cpa/<br>
<br>
#2 one of the google hits was patrick hanks's paper at:<br>
009_2004_V1_Patrick HANKS_Corpus pattern ... - Euralex<<a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=5&ved=0CDkQFjAE&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.euralex.org%2Felx_proceedings%2FEuralex2004%2F009_2004_V1_Patrick%2520HANKS_Corpus%2520pattern%2520analysis.pdf&ei=9n2uU-e4Hu2g7AadnYCADA&usg=AFQjCNGtE5j1N-FunxRyaCWmROMIYFk_Ng&bvm=bv.69837884,d.ZGU">http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=5&ved=0CDkQFjAE&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.euralex.org%2Felx_proceedings%2FEuralex2004%2F009_2004_V1_Patrick%2520HANKS_Corpus%2520pattern%2520analysis.pdf&ei=9n2uU-e4Hu2g7AadnYCADA&usg=AFQjCNGtE5j1N-FunxRyaCWmROMIYFk_Ng&bvm=bv.69837884,d.ZGU</a>><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.euralex.org/.../009_2004_V1_Patrick%20HANKS_Corpus%20patt">www.euralex.org/.../009_2004_V1_Patrick%20HANKS_Corpus%20patt</a>...<br>
<br>
#3 this paper's list of references includes:<br>
Hanks, Patrick. 1994. 'Linguistic Norms and Pragmatic
Explanations, or Why<br>
Lexicographers need Prototype Theory and Vice Versa' in F.
Kiefer, G. Kiss, and J.<br>
Pajzs (eds.), Papers in Computational Lexicography: Complex
'94. Research institute<br>
for Linguistics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences.<br>
<br>
#4 Google Scholar offers 4,950 hits for 'hanks prototypical'<br>
<br>
best<br>
ramesh<br>
---------------<br>
Date: Fri, 27 Jun 2014 18:26:25 -0700<br>
From: Erin McKean <<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:erin@logocracy.com">erin@logocracy.com</a>><br>
Subject: [Corpora-List] examples of the use of the terms<br>
"prototypical" or "prototypicality"<br>
To: <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:corpora@uib.no">corpora@uib.no</a><br>
<br>
Dear Corpora-Lers,<br>
<br>
Does anyone have handy citations for the use of "prototypical"
or<br>
"prototypicality" in corpus linguistics to mean something
roughly<br>
equivalent to "the most central use of a word, especially in
regards to<br>
referents or collocations"?<br>
<br>
I'm thinking of the case where you describe senses of a word
in an order<br>
that roughly maps to "core -- periphery" rather than
historical order or<br>
frequency of use. E.g. for things like "cask", the
"water-tight vessel"<br>
would be a more prototypical sense than the "unit of capacity
for what<br>
can be held in a cask" sense.<br>
<br>
My feeling is that this is described quite beautifully by
Patrick Hanks<br>
somewhere but I can't seem to find a reference!<br>
<br>
Any help gratefully appreciated!<br>
<br>
Yours,<br>
<br>
Erin<br>
---------------------<br>
Erin McKean<br>
@emckean/@reverb/@wordnik<br>
<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://wordnik.com">wordnik.com</a><br>
helloreverb.com<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
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<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
Angus B. Grieve-Smith
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:grvsmth@panix.com">grvsmth@panix.com</a></pre>
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