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    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">    Rosch definitely built on
      Wittgenstein.  I know Wittgenstein talked about family
      resemblances, but I don't know where he talked about prototypes. 
      I discuss his example of "games" here:<br>
      <br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://grieve-smith.com/blog/2013/02/in-a-wittgensteinian-sort-of-way/">http://grieve-smith.com/blog/2013/02/in-a-wittgensteinian-sort-of-way/</a><br>
      <br>
          Thanks for the pointeres to Hanks' work!<br>
      <br>
      On 06/28/2014 02:04 PM, Geoffrey Williams wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote
      cite="mid:8A962CFD-2192-4DB6-AFFC-CAB3CD85C659@univ-ubs.fr"
      type="cite">
      <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
      Hi,`
      <div><br>
        <div>In discussing Patrick, I think you should realize that he
          was basing his prototypes on Wittgenstein, not Rosch. The
          articles where he discusses these are:</div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>
          <blockquote type="cite">
            <div class="page" title="Page 23">
              <div class="layoutArea">
                <div class="column">
                  <p><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family:
                      MinionPro;">Hanks, P. 1994. Linguistic norms and
                      pragmatic exploitations or, why lexicographers
                      need pro</span><span style="font-size: 9pt;
                      font-family: MinionPro;">totype theory, and vice
                      versa. </span><span style="font-size: 9pt;
                      font-family: MinionPro; font-style: italic;">Papers
                      in Computational Lexicography: Complex </span><span
                      style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: MinionPro;">94:
                      89–113.</span></p>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>
          </blockquote>
          and<br>
          <blockquote type="cite">
            <div class="page" title="Page 23">
              <div class="layoutArea">
                <div class="column">
                  <p><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family:
                      MinionPro;">Hanks, P. 2000. Do word meanings
                      exist? </span><span style="font-size: 9pt;
                      font-family: MinionPro; font-style: italic;">Computers
                      and the Humanities </span><span style="font-size:
                      9pt; font-family: MinionPro;">34(1–2): 205–215. </span></p>
                  <div><br>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>
          </blockquote>
          The aim was to create lexicographical prototypes to deal with
          polysemy by having a continuum of variations of meaning. I
          have used this myself in collocational resonance, something I
          share with Patrick, and multilingual prototypes for variations
          across genres and across languages.</div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>You need to read Wittgenstein’s Philosophical
          Investigations, rather than the Tractatus, for family
          resemblances, notably with a discussion go ‘game’.</div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>Best</div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>Geoffrey</div>
      </div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div style="">
        <div>Le 28 juin 2014 à 11:00, Krishnamurthy, Ramesh <<a
            moz-do-not-send="true"
            href="mailto:r.krishnamurthy@aston.ac.uk">r.krishnamurthy@aston.ac.uk</a>>
          a écrit :</div>
        <br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
        <blockquote type="cite">Hi Erin/Alex<br>
          Apologies to all for hitting 'send' before inserting the
          subject line in my previous email....<br>
          <br>
          One additional point: I was interested to see, glancing
          through the occurrences of 'prototypical'  in<br>
          009_2004_V1_Patrick HANKS_Corpus pattern ... - Euralex<<a
            moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=5&ved=0CDkQFjAE&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.euralex.org%2Felx_proceedings%2FEuralex2004%2F009_2004_V1_Patrick%2520HANKS_Corpus%2520pattern%2520analysis.pdf&ei=9n2uU-e4Hu2g7AadnYCADA&usg=AFQjCNGtE5j1N-FunxRyaCWmROMIYFk_Ng&bvm=bv.69837884,d.ZGU">http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=5&ved=0CDkQFjAE&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.euralex.org%2Felx_proceedings%2FEuralex2004%2F009_2004_V1_Patrick%2520HANKS_Corpus%2520pattern%2520analysis.pdf&ei=9n2uU-e4Hu2g7AadnYCADA&usg=AFQjCNGtE5j1N-FunxRyaCWmROMIYFk_Ng&bvm=bv.69837884,d.ZGU</a>><a
            moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.euralex.org/.../009_2004_V1_Patrick%20HANKS_Corpus%20patt">www.euralex.org/.../009_2004_V1_Patrick%20HANKS_Corpus%20patt</a>...<br>
          that he *rarely* used it *in the way that Erin specified*,
          namely "the most central use of a word"....<br>
          <br>
          Instead , i noticed it was mostly 'prototypical syntagmatic
          *patterns*, prototypical *usage*, prototypical *direct
          objects*, etc',<br>
          i.e. linguistic items/features at higher levels of abstraction
          than 'word senses'.<br>
          <br>
          I didn't look carefully enough, so there may a citation in
          Erin's limited sense, but if not, perhaps Patrick was,
          consciously<br>
          or subconsciously, telling us something about his
          understanding of the relationship between 'prototypes' and
          'word senses'?<br>
          <br>
          <blockquote type="cite">From various conversations with
            Patrick, i remember the names Jackendoff, Rosch, and
            Wierzbicka came up in connection with<br>
          </blockquote>
          prototype theory, but i can't remember any details, i'm
          afraid...<br>
          <br>
          best<br>
          ramesh<br>
          <br>
          <br>
          <br>
          <br>
          ------------------<br>
          Dear all<br>
          <br>
          Various bits of discussion on this in several places in
          Patrick's 2013 book, including around pp90-105 and 340, but
          it's pretty much what the whole book is about - norms (cf
          prototypes) not just of lexis but of pretty much any type of
          language use, and exploitations.<br>
          <br>
             * Hanks, P. 2013. Lexical Analysis: Norms and Exploitations
          . Cambridge MA: MIT Press.<br>
          <br>
          Some great quotes too, eg p91-92 " Prototypical, normal usage
          is very easy to spot?; it is also very boring."<br>
          <br>
          Best<br>
          alex<br>
          <br>
          _____________________________<br>
          Alex Boulton<br>
          <br>
          Professor of English and Applied Linguistics<br>
          <br>
          Université de Lorraine : Pearl, Erudi, Dépt d'anglais<br>
          <br>
          homepage : <a moz-do-not-send="true"
            href="http://bit.ly/BoultonATILF">http://bit.ly/BoultonATILF</a><br>
          <br>
          Responsable équipe Didactique (Crapel)<br>
          Atilf : CNRS, UL<br>
          ( +33) 03 54 50 51 06<br>
          <br>
          ReCALL, Eurocall, Geras, TaLC<br>
          ----- Mail original -----<br>
          <br>
          <blockquote type="cite">De: "Erin McKean" <<a
              moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:erin@logocracy.com">erin@logocracy.com</a>><br>
            À: <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:corpora@uib.no">corpora@uib.no</a><br>
            Envoyé: Samedi 28 Juin 2014 03:26:25<br>
            Objet: [Corpora-List] examples of the use of the terms
            "prototypical"<br>
            or "prototypicality"<br>
          </blockquote>
          <br>
          <blockquote type="cite">Dear Corpora-Lers,<br>
          </blockquote>
          <br>
          <blockquote type="cite">Does anyone have handy citations for
            the use of "prototypical" or<br>
            "prototypicality" in corpus linguistics to mean something
            roughly<br>
            equivalent to "the most central use of a word, especially in
            regards<br>
            to<br>
            referents or collocations"?<br>
          </blockquote>
          <br>
          <blockquote type="cite">I'm thinking of the case where you
            describe senses of a word in an<br>
            order<br>
            that roughly maps to "core -- periphery" rather than
            historical order<br>
            or<br>
            frequency of use. E.g. for things like "cask", the
            "water-tight<br>
            vessel"<br>
            would be a more prototypical sense than the "unit of
            capacity for<br>
            what<br>
            can be held in a cask" sense.<br>
          </blockquote>
          <br>
          <blockquote type="cite">My feeling is that this is described
            quite beautifully by Patrick<br>
            Hanks<br>
            somewhere but I can't seem to find a reference!<br>
          </blockquote>
          <br>
          <blockquote type="cite">Any help gratefully appreciated!<br>
          </blockquote>
          <br>
          <blockquote type="cite">Yours,<br>
          </blockquote>
          <br>
          <blockquote type="cite">Erin<br>
            ---------------------<br>
            Erin McKean<br>
            @emckean/@reverb/@wordnik<br>
            <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://wordnik.com">wordnik.com</a><br>
            helloreverb.com<br>
          </blockquote>
          <br>
          ________________________________<br>
          From: Krishnamurthy, Ramesh<br>
          Sent: 28 June 2014 09:44<br>
          To: <a moz-do-not-send="true"
            href="mailto:erin@logocracy.com">erin@logocracy.com</a><br>
          Cc: <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:corpora@uib.no">corpora@uib.no</a><br>
          Subject:<br>
          <br>
          <br>
          Hi Erin<br>
          <br>
          I just typed 'hanks prototypical' into Google and obtained
          several hits...<br>
          <br>
          #1 The website at seems to be down at the moment,<br>
          but there is at least one citation at
          nlp.fi.muni.cz/projekty/cpa/<br>
          <br>
          #2 one of the google hits was patrick hanks's paper at:<br>
          009_2004_V1_Patrick HANKS_Corpus pattern ... - Euralex<<a
            moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=5&ved=0CDkQFjAE&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.euralex.org%2Felx_proceedings%2FEuralex2004%2F009_2004_V1_Patrick%2520HANKS_Corpus%2520pattern%2520analysis.pdf&ei=9n2uU-e4Hu2g7AadnYCADA&usg=AFQjCNGtE5j1N-FunxRyaCWmROMIYFk_Ng&bvm=bv.69837884,d.ZGU">http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=5&ved=0CDkQFjAE&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.euralex.org%2Felx_proceedings%2FEuralex2004%2F009_2004_V1_Patrick%2520HANKS_Corpus%2520pattern%2520analysis.pdf&ei=9n2uU-e4Hu2g7AadnYCADA&usg=AFQjCNGtE5j1N-FunxRyaCWmROMIYFk_Ng&bvm=bv.69837884,d.ZGU</a>><a
            moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.euralex.org/.../009_2004_V1_Patrick%20HANKS_Corpus%20patt">www.euralex.org/.../009_2004_V1_Patrick%20HANKS_Corpus%20patt</a>...<br>
          <br>
          #3 this paper's list of references includes:<br>
          Hanks, Patrick. 1994. 'Linguistic Norms and Pragmatic
          Explanations, or Why<br>
          Lexicographers need Prototype Theory and Vice Versa' in F.
          Kiefer, G. Kiss, and J.<br>
          Pajzs (eds.), Papers in Computational Lexicography: Complex
          '94. Research institute<br>
          for Linguistics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences.<br>
          <br>
          #4 Google Scholar offers 4,950 hits for 'hanks prototypical'<br>
          <br>
          best<br>
          ramesh<br>
          ---------------<br>
          Date: Fri, 27 Jun 2014 18:26:25 -0700<br>
          From: Erin McKean <<a moz-do-not-send="true"
            href="mailto:erin@logocracy.com">erin@logocracy.com</a>><br>
          Subject: [Corpora-List] examples of the use of the terms<br>
                 "prototypical" or       "prototypicality"<br>
          To: <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:corpora@uib.no">corpora@uib.no</a><br>
          <br>
          Dear Corpora-Lers,<br>
          <br>
          Does anyone have handy citations for the use of "prototypical"
          or<br>
          "prototypicality" in corpus linguistics to mean something
          roughly<br>
          equivalent to "the most central use of a word, especially in
          regards to<br>
          referents or collocations"?<br>
          <br>
          I'm thinking of the case where you describe senses of a word
          in an order<br>
          that roughly maps to "core -- periphery" rather than
          historical order or<br>
          frequency of use. E.g. for things like "cask", the
          "water-tight vessel"<br>
          would be a more prototypical sense than the "unit of capacity
          for what<br>
          can be held in a cask" sense.<br>
          <br>
          My feeling is that this is described quite beautifully by
          Patrick Hanks<br>
          somewhere but I can't seem to find a reference!<br>
          <br>
          Any help gratefully appreciated!<br>
          <br>
          Yours,<br>
          <br>
          Erin<br>
          ---------------------<br>
          Erin McKean<br>
          @emckean/@reverb/@wordnik<br>
          <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://wordnik.com">wordnik.com</a><br>
          helloreverb.com<br>
          <br>
          <br>
          <br>
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    </blockquote>
    <br>
    <br>
    <pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">-- 
Angus B. Grieve-Smith
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:grvsmth@panix.com">grvsmth@panix.com</a></pre>
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