<html><body><div style="color:#000; background-color:#fff; font-family:HelveticaNeue, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Lucida Grande, sans-serif;font-size:14pt"><div class="" style="margin-top:1.2pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:1.2pt;
margin-left:0cm"><span style="color: black; font-size: 18px;" class="">Hi
all,<o:p class="" style=""></o:p></span></div><div class="" style="margin-top:1.2pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:1.2pt;
margin-left:0cm"><span style="color: black; font-size: large;" class=""><o:p class="" style=""> </o:p></span></div><div class="" style="margin-top:1.2pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:1.2pt;
margin-left:0cm"><span style="color: black; font-size: 18px;" class="">Let
me contribute to this discussion by making some necessary clarifications :<o:p class="" style=""></o:p></span></div><div class="" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:0cm;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 18px;" class=""><span class="" style=""><span style="mso-list:
Ignore" class="">1.<span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""> </span></span></span><span class="" style="">Princeton
Wordnet is lexical database that organize nouns, verbs and adjective and
adverbs. The organization of adjectives is not based on ontological principles. The main
relation that organizes the adjectives is antonymy and antonymy is a linguistic
relation. When someone asks if the Wordnet is an ontology they </span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;" class="">only </span><span style="font-size: 18px; text-indent: -18pt;" class="">refer to
nouns.This is the first problem.</span></div><div class="" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:0cm;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 18px;" class=""><span class="" style=""><span style="mso-list:
Ignore" class="">2.<span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""> </span></span></span><span class="" style="">The nouns are structured by two relations in Wordnet : hyperonymy and meronymy. Both are linguistic relations. For example in the well know
paper "Introduction to Wordnet: An Online Lexical database "the authors define in this way the hyponymy relation : <o:p class="" style=""></o:p></span></span></div><div class="" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size: large;" class=""><span class="" style="">“</span><span class="" style="">Much
attention has been devoted to hyponymy/hypernymy (variously called subordination/superordination,
subset/superset, or the </span><span class="" style="">ISA </span><span class="" style="">relation). A concept represented by the
synset {<i class="" style="">x, x</i>1<i class="" style="">, . . .</i>} is said to be a hyponym of the concept
represented by the synset {<i class="" style="">y, y</i>1<i class="" style="">, . . .</i>} if native speakers of
English accept sentences constructed from such frames as <i class="" style="">An x is a (kind
of)”</i></span><span class="" style=""><o:p class="" style=""></o:p></span></span></div><div class="" style="">
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<!--StartFragment-->
<!--EndFragment--></div><div class="" style="mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;
text-autospace:none"><span class="" style="font-size: 18px;">Please notice that the definition of hyperonymy is not formal
but it is based on the judgement of native English speakers. The native English
speakers tend to accept many constructions that are not ISA relations in the
formal sense. Some of this constructions have been discussed in many papers (e.g. see papers from Nicola Giuarino's group ) .Therefore if you ask : Is the part of Wordnet that is organized
by the hyponymy relation a taxonomy? The answer is : it is not because the
hyponymy relation is not a ISA relation in the formal sense. However the discussion is complicated by the fact that other constructs improperly called taxonomies extracted from Wikipedia or corpora are not taxonomies strictly speaking. The other relation
that organize the nouns is meronymy. This is also a linguistic motivated
relation and not very well defined either.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes" class=""> In conclusion : Wordnet is not an ontology but everybody calls it a lexical ontology.</span></span></div><div class="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 18px;" class="">Best Regards!</span></div><div class="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;" class="">Eduard</span></div><div class="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 13.600000381469727px; font-family: Times; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:EN-US" class=""><span style="mso-spacerun:yes" class=""><br class="" style=""></span></span></div> <div class="qtdSeparateBR"><br><br></div><div class="yahoo_quoted" style="display: block;"> <div style="font-family: HelveticaNeue, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Lucida Grande, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;" class=""> <div style="font-family: HelveticaNeue, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Lucida Grande, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;" class=""> <div dir="ltr" class="" style=""> <font size="2" face="Arial" class="" style=""> On Thursday, August 7, 2014 10:27 PM, Michal Ptaszynski <michal.ptaszynski@gmail.com> wrote:<br class="" style=""> </font> </div> <br class="" style=""><br class="" style=""> <div class="" style=""><div id="yiv2826034408" class="" style=""><div class="" style=""><div class="" style="">Hi Kiril and others</div><div class="" style=""><br class="" style=""></div><div class="" style="">Just a small
thought. </div><div class="" style=""><br class="" style=""></div><div class="" style=""><blockquote type="cite" style="" class=""><div dir="ltr" class="" style=""><div style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Calibri;" class=""><div class="" style="">- Lexicon (example, Machine Readable Dictionaries) - Vocabulary with NL definitions</div><div class="" style="">- Simple Taxonomy (example, Clasifications)</div><div class="" style="">- Thesaurus (example, WordNet) Lexical relations</div><div class="" style="">- Taxonomy plus related-terms (example, Relational Model) Light-weight ontologies - Unconstrained use of arbitrary relations</div><div class="" style="">- Fully Axiomatized Theory (Heavy-weight ontologies)</div></div></div></blockquote></div><div class="" style=""><br class="" style=""></div><div class="" style="">This definition makes me wonder - what is NOT an ontology? If even a simple lexicon is also an ontology, most of papers in NLP and CL
describe research with the use of ontologies, even unintentionally. </div><div class="" style=""><br class="" style=""></div><div class="" style="">Best,<br class="" style="">--<div class="" style="">Michal Ptaszynski</div></div><div class="" style=""><br class="" style="">Dnia 6 sie 2014 o godz. 19:43 "Kiril Simov" <<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:kivs@bultreebank.org" target="_blank" href="mailto:kivs@bultreebank.org" class="" style="">kivs@bultreebank.org</a>> napisał(a):<br class="" style=""><br class="" style=""></div><blockquote type="cite" class="" style=""><div class="" style="">
<div dir="ltr" class="" style="">
<div style="FONT-SIZE:12pt;FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri';COLOR:#000000;" class="">
<div class="" style="">Dear Liling,</div>
<div class="" style=""> </div>
<div class="" style="">The book on Wordnet is:</div>
<div class="" style=""> </div>
<div class="" style="">WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Database</div>
<div class="" style="">edited by</div>
<div class="" style="">Christiane Fellbaum</div>
<div class="" style="">MIT Press, 1998</div>
<div class="" style=""> </div>
<div class="" style="">Thus, Wordnet is an electronic lexical database.</div>
<div class="" style=""> </div>
<div class="" style="">Nicola Guarino in his lecture at the First OntoLex Workshop 2000</div>
<div class="" style="">defines precision of ontologies like:</div>
<div class="" style=""> </div>
<div class="" style="">- Lexicon (example, Machine Readable Dictionaries) - Vocabulary with NL
definitions</div>
<div class="" style="">- Simple Taxonomy (example, Clasifications)</div>
<div class="" style="">- Thesaurus (example, WordNet) Lexical relations</div>
<div class="" style="">- Taxonomy plus related-terms (example, Relational Model) Light-weight
ontologies - Unconstrained use of arbitrary relations</div>
<div class="" style="">- Fully Axiomatized Theory (Heavy-weight ontologies)</div>
<div class="" style=""> </div>
<div class="" style="">Thus, WordNet is a kind of ontology.</div>
<div class="" style=""> </div>
<div class="" style="">With best regards,</div>
<div class="" style=""> </div>
<div class="" style="">Kiril</div>
<div style="FONT-SIZE:small;TEXT-DECORATION:none;FONT-WEIGHT:normal;COLOR:#000000;FONT-STYLE:normal;DISPLAY:inline;" class="">
<div style="FONT:10pt tahoma;" class="">
<div class="" style=""><font size="3" face="Calibri" class="" style=""></font> </div>
<div style="BACKGROUND:#f5f5f5;" class="">
<div style="" class=""><b class="" style="">From:</b> <a rel="nofollow" title="alvations@gmail.com" ymailto="mailto:alvations@gmail.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:alvations@gmail.com" class="" style="">liling tan</a> </div>
<div class="" style=""><b class="" style="">Sent:</b> Wednesday, August 06, 2014 12:57 PM</div>
<div class="" style=""><b class="" style="">To:</b> <a rel="nofollow" title="corpora@uib.no" ymailto="mailto:corpora@uib.no" target="_blank" href="mailto:corpora@uib.no" class="" style="">corpora@uib.no</a> </div>
<div class="" style=""><b class="" style="">Subject:</b> [Corpora-List] WordNet vs Ontology</div></div></div>
<div class="" style=""> </div></div>
<div style="FONT-SIZE:small;TEXT-DECORATION:none;FONT-WEIGHT:normal;COLOR:#000000;FONT-STYLE:normal;DISPLAY:inline;" class="">
<div dir="ltr" class="" style="">Dear corpora linguists,
<div class="" style=""> </div>
<div class="" style="">There is recently a discussion on stackoverflow about "wordnet vs
ontology". I would like your perspective on several issues about wordnet and
ontology:</div>
<div class="" style=""> </div>
<div class="" style="">- Is wordnet an ontology? If it is not an ontology, what is it?</div>
<div class="" style=""> </div>
<div class="" style="">- What is the definition of an ontology? Is anything
(words/concept/entities) under a hierarchical structure some sort of linguistic
ontology?</div>
<div class="" style=""> </div>
<div class="" style="">- Are linguistic onotology / information science ontology subjected to only
upper and domain ontology?</div>
<div class="" style=""> </div>
<div class="" style="">- Any other comments about ontology and wordnet?</div>
<div class="" style=""> </div>
<div class="" style="">Regards,</div>
<div class="" style="">liling</div>
<div class="" style="">
<div class="" style=""> </div>
<div class="" style=""> </div></div></div>
<div class="" style="">
</div><hr class="" style="">
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