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    <font face="Times New Roman, Times, serif">Fair point Francis, and I
      can't pretend to understand the dynamics of the USA situation. But
      I know a bit about the UK, and I know that research-based policy
      is hard to sell to politicians. But it can be done - Debbie
      Myhill's recent work on grammar for writing is having a major
      impact. But I think that's only because it chimes with what the government
      wants to achieve anyway. I'm sure your campaign would be more successful
      if you could find some way to present yourselves as helpful (but critical)
      friends of the policy-makers rather than as profoundly out of
      sympathy with them.  <br>
      <br>
      Sorry if I'm misreading the situation, as I may well be.<br>
      <br>
      With best wishes, Dick<br>
      <br>
      <br>
    </font><br>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 19/09/2015 22:43, Francis Hult
      wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote
      cite="mid:11E8DB9B84AFED40AA11BE609088B771EE91495A@UWMBX02.uw.lu.se"
      type="cite">
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        <p>Whether or not the existence of a so-called vocabulary gap is
          empirically justified (and you're probably right that Wells
          makes a stronger case than do Hart & Risley; Krashen also
          cites some work on literacy worth considering:
        </p>
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          <a moz-do-not-send="true"
            href="http://www.sdkrashen.com/content/articles/protecting_students.pdf"
            target="_blank"><font color="#0066cc">http://www.sdkrashen.com/content/articles/protecting_students.pdf</font></a>), I
          find it problematic that one orientation dominates public and
          political discussion about educational development and that
          decades of empirical evidence from ethnographic research about
          literacy practices in education remains beyond so many
          politicians' and educational leaders' horizons of awareness. 
          I would certainly not argue for less funding for educational
          projects, but rather the funding of projects based on research
          that addresses a full spectrum of students' needs. 
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          Are Hart & Risley (among others in this
          tradition) dominating now simply because they have better PR? 
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          Francis</div>
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          <div>
            <p> </p>
            <div style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">
              <div><font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">--</font></div>
              <div><font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">Francis
                  M. Hult, PhD</font></div>
              <div><font size="2" face="Arial">Associate Professor</font></div>
              <font size="2">
                <div><font size="2" face="Arial">Centre for Languages
                    and Literature</font></div>
                <div><font face="Arial">Lund University</font></div>
                <div> </div>
                <div><font face="Arial">Web: <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.sol.lu.se/en/sol/staff/FrancisHult/">
                      http://www.sol.lu.se/en/sol/staff/FrancisHult/</a></font></div>
                <div> </div>
                <div><font face="Arial">Editor, Educational Linguistics
                    book series</font></div>
                <div><font face="Arial"><a moz-do-not-send="true"
                      href="http://www.springer.com/series/5894">http://www.springer.com/series/5894</a></font></div>
                <div> </div>
                <div><font face="Arial">Co-editor, Contributions to the
                    Sociology of Language book series</font></div>
                <div><a moz-do-not-send="true"
                    href="http://www.degruyter.com/view/serial/16644"><font
                      face="Arial">http://www.degruyter.com/view/serial/16644</font></a></div>
                <div> </div>
                <div><strong>New Book:</strong> <em>Research Methods in
                    Language Policy and Planning: A Practical Guide</em></div>
                <div><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-1118308395.html">http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-1118308395.html</a></div>
              </font></div>
          </div>
        </div>
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          COLOR: #000000">
          <div id="divRpF903135" style="DIRECTION: ltr"><font size="2"
              color="#000000" face="Tahoma"><b>From:</b>
              <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:edling-bounces@bunner.geol.lu.se">edling-bounces@bunner.geol.lu.se</a>
              [<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:edling-bounces@bunner.geol.lu.se">edling-bounces@bunner.geol.lu.se</a>] on behalf of Richard
              Hudson [<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:r.hudson@ucl.ac.uk">r.hudson@ucl.ac.uk</a>]<br>
              <b>Sent:</b> Friday, September 18, 2015 16:09<br>
              <b>To:</b> The Educational Linguistics List<br>
              <b>Subject:</b> Re: [Edling] Why Boosting Poor Children¹s
              Vocabulary Is Important for Public Health<br>
            </font><br>
          </div>
          <div><font face="Times New Roman, Times, serif">The argument
              would be a great deal easier if you had evidence that
              there's no vocabulary gap. And do you really want
              politicians to stop voting funds for educational projects?
              Here in the UK we'd welcome some of that cash. <br>
              <br>
              Dick<br>
            </font><br>
            <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 18/09/2015 14:29, Francis
              Hult wrote:<br>
            </div>
            <blockquote type="cite">
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                  <p>These are great pieces that summarize a substantial
                    body of work.  Yet, the public discourse continues
                    to be dominated by one perspective.  Are we missing
                    something about making findings like the
                    ones discussed in these forum pieces part of public
                    and political consciousness?  Is it because we're
                    talking to each other in journals instead of to
                    citizens and politicians in accessible books and
                    magazine articles?  Is it because Hart & Risley
                    suggest an easy answer while we focus on nuances and
                    complexity?  Is it because we haven't succeeded in
                    making findings  easy for citizens, politicians, and
                    educational leaders to latch onto and translate into
                    programs? 
                  </p>
                </div>
                <p> </p>
                <p>This just seems like one of those issues on which we
                  have a very strong foundation, but people are still
                  choosing to build somewhere swampier.  Shouldn't we be
                  able to attract more attention?</p>
                <p> </p>
                <p>Francis</p>
                <p> </p>
                <div style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">
                  <div><font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">--</font></div>
                  <div><font size="2" color="#000000" face="Arial">Francis
                      M. Hult, PhD</font></div>
                  <div><font size="2" face="Arial">Associate Professor</font></div>
                  <font size="2">
                    <div><font size="2" face="Arial">Centre for
                        Languages and Literature</font></div>
                    <div><font face="Arial">Lund University</font></div>
                    <div> </div>
                    <div><font face="Arial">Web: <a
                          moz-do-not-send="true"
                          href="http://www.sol.lu.se/en/sol/staff/FrancisHult/"
                          target="_blank">
                          <font color="#0066cc"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.sol.lu.se/en/sol/staff/FrancisHult/">http://www.sol.lu.se/en/sol/staff/FrancisHult/</a></font></a></font></div>
                    <div> </div>
                    <div><font face="Arial">Editor, Educational
                        Linguistics book series</font></div>
                    <div><font color="#0066cc" face="Arial"><a
                          moz-do-not-send="true"
                          class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
                          href="http://www.springer.com/series/5894"
                          target="_blank"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.springer.com/series/5894">http://www.springer.com/series/5894</a></a></font></div>
                    <div> </div>
                    <div><font face="Arial">Co-editor, Contributions to
                        the Sociology of Language book series</font></div>
                    <div><a moz-do-not-send="true"
                        href="http://www.degruyter.com/view/serial/16644"
                        target="_blank"><font color="#0066cc"
                          face="Arial">http://www.degruyter.com/view/serial/16644</font></a></div>
                    <div> </div>
                    <div><strong>New Book:</strong> <em>Research
                        Methods in Language Policy and Planning: A
                        Practical Guide</em></div>
                    <div><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-1118308395.html"
                        target="_blank"><font color="#0066cc">http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-1118308395.html</font></a></div>
                  </font></div>
                <p> </p>
                <p> </p>
                <p> </p>
                <div style="FONT-SIZE: 16px; FONT-FAMILY: Times New
                  Roman; COLOR: #000000">
                  <hr tabindex="-1">
                  <div id="divRpF323551" style="DIRECTION: ltr"><font
                      size="2" color="#000000" face="Tahoma"><b>From:</b>
                      <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                        class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
                        href="mailto:edling-bounces@bunner.geol.lu.se"
                        target="_blank">
                        edling-bounces@bunner.geol.lu.se</a> [<a
                        moz-do-not-send="true"
                        class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
                        href="mailto:edling-bounces@bunner.geol.lu.se"
                        target="_blank"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:edling-bounces@bunner.geol.lu.se">edling-bounces@bunner.geol.lu.se</a></a>]
                      on behalf of Peter Sayer [<a
                        moz-do-not-send="true"
                        class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
                        href="mailto:peter.sayer@utsa.edu"
                        target="_blank"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:peter.sayer@utsa.edu">peter.sayer@utsa.edu</a></a>]<br>
                      <b>Sent:</b> Thursday, September 17, 2015 20:37<br>
                      <b>To:</b> The Educational Linguistics List<br>
                      <b>Subject:</b> Re: [Edling] Why Boosting Poor
                      Children¹s Vocabulary Is Important for Public
                      Health<br>
                    </font><br>
                  </div>
                  <div>
                    <div>Yeah I saw that forum piece when it came out –
                      very cool!  </div>
                    <div><br>
                    </div>
                    <div>- peter.-</div>
                    <div><br>
                    </div>
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                        <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">From: </span><<a
                          moz-do-not-send="true"
                          class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
                          href="mailto:edling-bounces@bunner.geol.lu.se"
                          target="_blank"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:edling-bounces@bunner.geol.lu.se">edling-bounces@bunner.geol.lu.se</a></a>>
                        on behalf of Eric Johnson <<a
                          moz-do-not-send="true"
                          href="mailto:ejj@tricity.wsu.edu"
                          target="_blank"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:ejj@tricity.wsu.edu">ejj@tricity.wsu.edu</a></a>><br>
                        <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Reply-To: </span>The
                        Educational Linguistics List <<a
                          moz-do-not-send="true"
                          class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
                          href="mailto:edling@bunner.geol.lu.se"
                          target="_blank"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:edling@bunner.geol.lu.se">edling@bunner.geol.lu.se</a></a>><br>
                        <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Date: </span>Wednesday,
                        September 16, 2015 at 2:05 PM<br>
                        <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">To: </span>The
                        Educational Linguistics List <<a
                          moz-do-not-send="true"
                          class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
                          href="mailto:edling@bunner.geol.lu.se"
                          target="_blank"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:edling@bunner.geol.lu.se">edling@bunner.geol.lu.se</a></a>><br>
                        <span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Subject: </span>Re:
                        [Edling] Why Boosting Poor Children’s Vocabulary
                        Is Important for Public Health<br>
                      </div>
                      <div><br>
                      </div>
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                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE:
                                11pt; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri,sans-serif;
                                COLOR: rgb(31,73,125)">You might also
                                like this piece (attached) that was
                                recently published in the Journal of
                                Linguistic Anthropology.  Here’s the
                                cite in case the attachment doesn’t go
                                through:</span></p>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE:
                                11pt; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri,sans-serif;
                                COLOR: rgb(31,73,125)"></span> </p>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE:
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                                COLOR: rgb(31,73,125)"></span> </p>
                            <p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span
                                style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New
                                Roman',serif">Avineri, N., et al.
                                (2015). Invited forum: Bridging the
                                "language gap."
                                <i>Journal of Linguistic Anthropology</i>,
                                <i>25</i>(1), 66-86.</span></p>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE:
                                11pt; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri,sans-serif;
                                COLOR: rgb(31,73,125)"></span> </p>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE:
                                11pt; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri,sans-serif;
                                COLOR: rgb(31,73,125)"></span> </p>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE:
                                11pt; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri,sans-serif;
                                COLOR: rgb(31,73,125)"></span> </p>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
                                  style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY:
                                  Calibri,sans-serif; COLOR:
                                  rgb(31,73,125)">---------------------------------------------<br>
                                </span></b><b><span style="FONT-SIZE:
                                  11pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma,sans-serif;
                                  COLOR: rgb(31,73,125)">Eric J.
                                  Johnson, Ph.D.</span></b><span
                                style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY:
                                Tahoma,sans-serif; COLOR:
                                rgb(31,73,125)"><br>
                                Associate Professor of Bilingual/ESL
                                Education<br>
                                Director of Outreach<br>
                                Washington State University Tri-Cities<br>
                                College of Education <br>
                                2710 Crimson Way<br>
                                Office 207W<br>
                                Richland, WA 99354<br>
                                (509) 372-7304<br>
                                <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                  href="mailto:ejj@tricity.wsu.edu"
                                  target="_blank">ejj@tricity.wsu.edu</a><br>
                                <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                  href="https://education.wsu.edu/ejj/"
                                  target="_blank">https://education.wsu.edu/ejj/</a></span></p>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE:
                                11pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma,sans-serif;
                                COLOR: rgb(31,73,125)">Se habla español.</span></p>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE:
                                11pt; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri,sans-serif;
                                COLOR: rgb(31,73,125)"><img
                                  id="Picture_x0020_1"
                                  src="cid:part19.09000303.06030802@ucl.ac.uk"
                                  height="89" width="89"></span></p>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i><span lang="ES">¡Vamos
                                    Cougs!</span></i></b><span
                                style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY:
                                Arial,sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125)"></span></p>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE:
                                11pt; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri,sans-serif;
                                COLOR: rgb(31,73,125)"></span> </p>
                            <div style="BORDER-TOP: #b5c4df 1pt solid;
                              BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM:
                              medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in;
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                              BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT:
                              0in">
                              <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
                                    style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY:
                                    Tahoma,sans-serif">From:</span></b><span
                                  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY:
                                  Tahoma,sans-serif">
                                  <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                    href="mailto:edling-bounces@bunner.geol.lu.se"
                                    target="_blank">edling-bounces@bunner.geol.lu.se</a>
                                  [<a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                    href="mailto:edling-bounces@bunner.geol.lu.se"
                                    target="_blank">mailto:edling-bounces@bunner.geol.lu.se</a>]
                                  <b>On Behalf Of </b>Daniel Ginsberg<br>
                                  <b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, September 16,
                                  2015 7:42 AM<br>
                                  <b>To:</b> The Educational Linguistics
                                  List<br>
                                  <b>Subject:</b> Re: [Edling] Why
                                  Boosting Poor Children’s Vocabulary Is
                                  Important for Public Health</span></p>
                            </div>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                            <div>
                              <div>
                                <p class="MsoNormal">I think they'd
                                  question the empirical basis for that
                                  claim. It's usually cited to Hart
                                  & Risley 1995, which as I
                                  mentioned is a highly flawed piece of
                                  work. Here's a thorough critical
                                  response to it:
                                  <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v1/url?u=http://academic.evergreen.edu/curricular/med/LangPoor.pdf&k=EWEYHnIvm0nsSxnW5y9VIw%3D%3D%0A&r=Cvavyy6y5l8AwEV%2BI2FsI3lqVU2gAbIkqBNSweUx9jU%3D%0A&m=z2Yv9e8aOdpgvZm0L6QjO7wKGfwkm2N5D8amr4pwK%2FA%3D%0A&s=60b6bd5fe85fbe058acfd3586d018d3b7a9f36a2f2da17a7fdd6266510df592b"
                                    target="_blank">
http://academic.evergreen.edu/curricular/med/LangPoor.pdf</a> There's a
                                  lot there in a relatively short
                                  article, but here's a key quote for
                                  this discussion:
                                </p>
                              </div>
                              <blockquote style="BORDER-TOP: medium
                                none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none;
                                BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none;
                                PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-TOP: 0in;
                                PADDING-LEFT: 6pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 4.8pt;
                                BORDER-LEFT: #cccccc 1pt solid;
                                PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0in">
                                <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                <p class="MsoNormal">Many educational
                                  researchers and policy makers have
                                  generalized the findings about the
                                  language and culture of the 6 welfare
                                  families in Hart and Risley’s study to
                                  all poor families. Yet, Hart and
                                  Risley offer no compelling reason to
                                  believe that the poor families they
                                  studied have much in common with poor
                                  families in other communities, or even
                                  in Kansas City for that matter. The
                                  primary selection criterion for
                                  participation in this study was
                                  socioeconomic status; therefore, all
                                  the 6 welfare families had in common
                                  was income, a willingness to
                                  participate in the study, race (all
                                  the welfare families were Black), and
                                  geography (all lived in the Kansas
                                  City area). Families living in poverty
                                  are, however, an ethnically,
                                  linguistically, and racially diverse
                                  group (US Census Bureau, 2003). Strong
                                  claims about the language and culture
                                  of families living in poverty based on
                                  a sample of 6 Black welfare families
                                  living in Kansas City are unwarranted.
                                  (p. 364)</p>
                              </blockquote>
                            </div>
                            <div>
                              <p class="MsoNormal"><br clear="all">
                              </p>
                              <div>
                                <div>
                                  <div>
                                    <div>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal">--<br>
                                        Daniel Ginsberg<br>
                                        Doctoral candidate, Linguistics<br>
                                        Georgetown University</p>
                                    </div>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal"><a
                                        moz-do-not-send="true"
                                        class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
                                        href="http://georgetown.academia.edu/DanielGinsberg"
                                        target="_blank"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://georgetown.academia.edu/DanielGinsberg">http://georgetown.academia.edu/DanielGinsberg</a></a></p>
                                  </div>
                                </div>
                              </div>
                              <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                              <div>
                                <p class="MsoNormal">On Wed, Sep 16,
                                  2015 at 4:22 AM, Richard Hudson <<a
                                    moz-do-not-send="true"
                                    class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
                                    href="mailto:r.hudson@ucl.ac.uk"
                                    target="_blank"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:r.hudson@ucl.ac.uk">r.hudson@ucl.ac.uk</a></a>>
                                  wrote:</p>
                                <div>
                                  <p class="MsoNormal"
                                    style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt">Hello
                                    again Daniel. Thanks for the
                                    interesting link. Would you agree
                                    that even these researchers accept
                                    that poor children reach school with
                                    fewer words than rich children?<br>
                                    <br>
                                    Dick Hudson <br>
                                    <br>
                                    <br>
                                    <br>
                                    <br>
                                  </p>
                                  <div>
                                    <div>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                      <div>
                                        <p class="MsoNormal">On
                                          15/09/2015 21:51, Daniel
                                          Ginsberg wrote:</p>
                                      </div>
                                      <blockquote style="MARGIN-BOTTOM:
                                        5pt; MARGIN-TOP: 5pt">
                                        <div>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal">There was
                                            an invited forum in Jnl Ling
                                            Anth earlier this year that
                                            debunked a lot of this "word
                                            gap" discourse. I would love
                                            to see more public awareness
                                            of this, and less uncritical
                                            citation of the highly
                                            flawed Hart & Risley
                                            study.<br>
                                            <br>
                                            <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v1/url?u=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jola.12071/full&k=EWEYHnIvm0nsSxnW5y9VIw%3D%3D%0A&r=Cvavyy6y5l8AwEV%2BI2FsI3lqVU2gAbIkqBNSweUx9jU%3D%0A&m=z2Yv9e8aOdpgvZm0L6QjO7wKGfwkm2N5D8amr4pwK%2FA%3D%0A&s=f08703c53fd54481f4b0a4375d0eba099baa74cc70b93b2f22ef28242547dff7"
                                              target="_blank">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jola.12071/full</a></p>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal"><br
                                              clear="all">
                                          </p>
                                          <div>
                                            <div>
                                              <div>
                                                <div>
                                                  <p class="MsoNormal">--<br>
                                                    Daniel Ginsberg<br>
                                                    Doctoral candidate,
                                                    Linguistics<br>
                                                    Georgetown
                                                    University</p>
                                                </div>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"><a
moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
                                                    href="http://georgetown.academia.edu/DanielGinsberg"
                                                    target="_blank"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://georgetown.academia.edu/DanielGinsberg">http://georgetown.academia.edu/DanielGinsberg</a></a></p>
                                              </div>
                                            </div>
                                          </div>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                          <div>
                                            <p class="MsoNormal">On Tue,
                                              Sep 15, 2015 at 7:27 AM,
                                              Francis Hult <<a
                                                moz-do-not-send="true"
                                                class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="mailto:francis.hult@englund.lu.se" target="_blank"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:francis.hult@englund.lu.se">francis.hult@englund.lu.se</a></a>>

                                              wrote:</p>
                                            <div>
                                              <div>
                                                <p><span
                                                    style="FONT-SIZE:
                                                    10pt; FONT-FAMILY:
                                                    Arial,sans-serif;
                                                    COLOR: black">[Moderator's
                                                    note: I post this
                                                    story because it
                                                    relates to a
                                                    discourse that is
                                                    gaining public
                                                    traction.  I am
                                                    reminded of an
                                                    article that was
                                                    recently posted
                                                    to Edling:</span></p>
                                                <p><span
                                                    style="FONT-SIZE:
                                                    10pt; FONT-FAMILY:
                                                    Arial,sans-serif;
                                                    COLOR: black"></span> </p>
                                                <p><span
                                                    style="FONT-SIZE:
                                                    10pt; FONT-FAMILY:
                                                    Arial,sans-serif;
                                                    COLOR: black">Johnson,
                                                    E.J. (2015)
                                                    Debunking the
                                                    “language gap”.
                                                    <em><span
                                                        style="FONT-FAMILY:
Arial,sans-serif">Journal for Multicultural Education, 9</span></em>(1),
                                                    42-50.</span></p>
                                                <p><span
                                                    style="FONT-SIZE:
                                                    10pt; FONT-FAMILY:
                                                    Arial,sans-serif;
                                                    COLOR: black"></span> </p>
                                                <p><span
                                                    style="FONT-SIZE:
                                                    10pt; FONT-FAMILY:
                                                    Arial,sans-serif;
                                                    COLOR: black">I
                                                    wonder what
                                                    perspectives list
                                                    members working in
                                                    different research
                                                    traditions have on
                                                    this topic. 
                                                    What additional
                                                    research findings
                                                    and ideas should
                                                    we be getting out to
                                                    the public and how? 
                                                    FMH] </span></p>
                                                <p><span
                                                    style="FONT-SIZE:
                                                    10pt; FONT-FAMILY:
                                                    Arial,sans-serif;
                                                    COLOR: black"></span> </p>
                                                <p><span
                                                    style="FONT-SIZE:
                                                    10pt; FONT-FAMILY:
                                                    Arial,sans-serif;
                                                    COLOR: black"></span> </p>
                                                <p><span
                                                    style="FONT-SIZE:
                                                    10pt; FONT-FAMILY:
                                                    Arial,sans-serif;
                                                    COLOR: black">The
                                                    Atlantic</span></p>
                                                <p><span
                                                    style="FONT-SIZE:
                                                    10pt; FONT-FAMILY:
                                                    Arial,sans-serif;
                                                    COLOR: black"></span> </p>
                                                <p><span
                                                    style="FONT-SIZE:
                                                    10pt; FONT-FAMILY:
                                                    Arial,sans-serif;
                                                    COLOR: black">Why
                                                    Boosting Poor
                                                    Children’s
                                                    Vocabulary Is
                                                    Important for Public
                                                    Health</span></p>
                                                <p><span
                                                    style="FONT-SIZE:
                                                    10pt; FONT-FAMILY:
                                                    Arial,sans-serif;
                                                    COLOR: black"></span> </p>
                                                <p><span
                                                    style="FONT-SIZE:
                                                    10pt; FONT-FAMILY:
                                                    Arial,sans-serif;
                                                    COLOR: black">Re­search
                                                    sug­gests that poor
                                                    chil­dren hear about
                                                    600 words per hour,
                                                    while af­flu­ent
                                                    chil­dren hear
                                                    2,000. By age 4, a
                                                    poor child has a
                                                    listen­ing
                                                    vocab­u­lary of
                                                    about 3,000 words,
                                                    while a wealth­i­er
                                                    child wields a
                                                    20,000-word
                                                    listen­ing
                                                    vocab­u­lary. So
                                                    it’s no sur­prise
                                                    that poor chil­dren
                                                    tend to enter
                                                    kinder­garten
                                                    already be­hind
                                                    their wealth­i­er
                                                    peers.
                                                  </span></p>
                                                <p><span
                                                    style="FONT-SIZE:
                                                    10pt; FONT-FAMILY:
                                                    Arial,sans-serif;
                                                    COLOR: black"></span> </p>
                                                <p><span
                                                    style="FONT-SIZE:
                                                    10pt; FONT-FAMILY:
                                                    Arial,sans-serif;
                                                    COLOR: black">But
                                                    it’s not just the
                                                    poverty that holds
                                                    them back—it’s the
                                                    lack of words. In
                                                    fact, the
                                                    single-best
                                                    pre­dict­or of a
                                                    child’s aca­dem­ic
                                                    suc­cess is not
                                                    par­ent­al
                                                    edu­ca­tion or
                                                    so­cioeco­nom­ic
                                                    status, but rather
                                                    the qual­ity and
                                                    quantity of the
                                                    words that a baby
                                                    hears dur­ing his or
                                                    her first three
                                                    years.</span></p>
                                                <p><span
                                                    style="FONT-SIZE:
                                                    10pt; FONT-FAMILY:
                                                    Arial,sans-serif;
                                                    COLOR: black"></span> </p>
                                                <p><span
                                                    style="FONT-SIZE:
                                                    10pt; FONT-FAMILY:
                                                    Arial,sans-serif;
                                                    COLOR: black">Full
                                                    story:<br>
                                                    <a
                                                      moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v1/url?u=http://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2015/09/georgias-plan-to-close-the-30-million-word-gap-for-kids/403903/&k=EWEYHnIvm0nsSxnW5y9VIw%3D%3D%0A&r=Cvavyy6y5l8AwEV%2BI2FsI3lqVU2gAbIkqBNSweUx9jU%3D%0A&m=z2Yv9e8aOdpgvZm0L6QjO7wKGfwkm2N5D8amr4pwK%2FA%3D%0A&s=0153ee7d02cb6a4baaba3d07c409f88e8045c29d9599d31e8d9eac8296f92518"
                                                      target="_blank"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2015/09/georgias-plan-to-close-the-30-million-word-gap-for-kids/403903/">http://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2015/09/georgias-plan-to-close-the-30-million-word-gap-for-kids/403903/</a></a></span></p>
                                              </div>
                                            </div>
                                            <p class="MsoNormal"
                                              style="MARGIN-BOTTOM:
                                              12pt"><br>
_______________________________________________<br>
                                              Edling mailing list<br>
                                              <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:Edling@bunner.geol.lu.se" target="_blank">Edling@bunner.geol.lu.se</a><br>
                                              <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v1/url?u=http://bunner.geol.lu.se/mailman/listinfo/edling&k=EWEYHnIvm0nsSxnW5y9VIw%3D%3D%0A&r=Cvavyy6y5l8AwEV%2BI2FsI3lqVU2gAbIkqBNSweUx9jU%3D%0A&m=z2Yv9e8aOdpgvZm0L6QjO7wKGfwkm2N5D8amr4pwK%2FA%3D%0A&s=01d23326a07b1faff3960ea9c3840b82411d67997c2b8f8be8a6a77b5dc7e57d"
                                                target="_blank">http://bunner.geol.lu.se/mailman/listinfo/edling</a></p>
                                          </div>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                        </div>
                                        <p class="MsoNormal"
                                          style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt"> </p>
                                        <pre>_______________________________________________</pre>
                                        <pre>Edling mailing list</pre>
                                        <pre><a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:Edling@bunner.geol.lu.se" target="_blank">Edling@bunner.geol.lu.se</a></pre>
                                        <pre><a moz-do-not-send="true" href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v1/url?u=http://bunner.geol.lu.se/mailman/listinfo/edling&k=EWEYHnIvm0nsSxnW5y9VIw%3D%3D%0A&r=Cvavyy6y5l8AwEV%2BI2FsI3lqVU2gAbIkqBNSweUx9jU%3D%0A&m=z2Yv9e8aOdpgvZm0L6QjO7wKGfwkm2N5D8amr4pwK%2FA%3D%0A&s=01d23326a07b1faff3960ea9c3840b82411d67997c2b8f8be8a6a77b5dc7e57d" target="_blank">http://bunner.geol.lu.se/mailman/listinfo/edling</a></pre>
                                      </blockquote>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                    </div>
                                  </div>
                                  <pre><span style="COLOR: #888888">-- </span></pre>
                                  <pre><span style="COLOR: #888888">Richard Hudson (<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v1/url?u=http://dickhudson.com&k=EWEYHnIvm0nsSxnW5y9VIw%3D%3D%0A&r=Cvavyy6y5l8AwEV%2BI2FsI3lqVU2gAbIkqBNSweUx9jU%3D%0A&m=z2Yv9e8aOdpgvZm0L6QjO7wKGfwkm2N5D8amr4pwK%2FA%3D%0A&s=ae4cf348db31864aa08ba4fa2a19e43ec0770d70497adce6b32f63976874fbf5" target="_blank">dickhudson.com</a>)</span></pre>
                                </div>
                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                  style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt"><br>
_______________________________________________<br>
                                  Edling mailing list<br>
                                  <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                    href="mailto:Edling@bunner.geol.lu.se"
                                    target="_blank">Edling@bunner.geol.lu.se</a><br>
                                  <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v1/url?u=http://bunner.geol.lu.se/mailman/listinfo/edling&k=EWEYHnIvm0nsSxnW5y9VIw%3D%3D%0A&r=Cvavyy6y5l8AwEV%2BI2FsI3lqVU2gAbIkqBNSweUx9jU%3D%0A&m=z2Yv9e8aOdpgvZm0L6QjO7wKGfwkm2N5D8amr4pwK%2FA%3D%0A&s=01d23326a07b1faff3960ea9c3840b82411d67997c2b8f8be8a6a77b5dc7e57d"
                                    target="_blank">http://bunner.geol.lu.se/mailman/listinfo/edling</a></p>
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                              <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
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              <br>
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              <br>
              <pre>_______________________________________________
Edling mailing list
<a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:Edling@bunner.geol.lu.se" target="_blank">Edling@bunner.geol.lu.se</a>
<a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://bunner.geol.lu.se/mailman/listinfo/edling" target="_blank">http://bunner.geol.lu.se/mailman/listinfo/edling</a>
</pre>
            </blockquote>
            <br>
            <pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">-- 
Richard Hudson (dickhudson.com)</pre>
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      <br>
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      <br>
      <pre wrap="">_______________________________________________
Edling mailing list
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:Edling@bunner.geol.lu.se">Edling@bunner.geol.lu.se</a>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://bunner.geol.lu.se/mailman/listinfo/edling">http://bunner.geol.lu.se/mailman/listinfo/edling</a>
</pre>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    <pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">-- 
Richard Hudson (dickhudson.com)</pre>
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