<div dir="ltr">I had not heard of this. Thank you for sharing, Francis, and for your thoughtful reflections on the potential harm that these practices are likely to cause.<div>Best regards,<br><div>Rob</div><div><br clear="all"><div><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div><span style="color:rgb(102,102,102);font-size:12.8px"><br></span></div><div><font color="#666666"><span style="font-size:12.8px"><b>Dr. Robert A. Troyer</b></span><br></font></div><font color="#666666">Professor of Linguistics</font></div><div dir="ltr"><font color="#666666"><a href="http://www.wou.edu/english/" target="_blank">Department of English Studies</a></font><div><font color="#666666">Office: BELL 121, Phone: 503-838-9123</font></div><div><span style="color:rgb(102,102,102)">he/him/his</span><br></div><div><font color="#cc0000">Western Oregon University</font></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><br></div></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Fri, Jan 29, 2021 at 9:02 AM <<a href="mailto:edling-request@lists.mail.umbc.edu">edling-request@lists.mail.umbc.edu</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">Send Edling mailing list submissions to<br>
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Today's Topics:<br>
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1. Transparent Peer Review - Your Thoughts? (Francis M. Hult)<br>
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Message: 1<br>
Date: Fri, 29 Jan 2021 11:59:29 -0500<br>
From: "Francis M. Hult" <<a href="mailto:fmhult@umbc.edu" target="_blank">fmhult@umbc.edu</a>><br>
To: <a href="mailto:edling@lists.mail.umbc.edu" target="_blank">edling@lists.mail.umbc.edu</a><br>
Subject: [Edling] Transparent Peer Review - Your Thoughts?<br>
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Dear Colleagues,<br>
<br>
There is an emerging practice in academic publishing known as "transparent<br>
peer review." I encountered it recently for the first time in our field<br>
when reviewing for a journal by a major publisher (I won't name the journal<br>
since the editors have not yet responded to my queries about the<br>
practice). In talking to colleagues about it, many had not heard about<br>
transparent peer review so I wanted to raise awareness about it and share<br>
some thoughts I have after reflecting on it.<br>
<br>
If you are not familiar with transparent peer review, you can see an<br>
overview at these sites:<br>
<a href="https://publons.com/benefits/publishers/transparent-review" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://publons.com/benefits/publishers/transparent-review</a><br>
<br>
<a href="https://authorservices.wiley.com/Reviewers/journal-reviewers/what-is-peer-review/transparent-peer-review.html" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://authorservices.wiley.com/Reviewers/journal-reviewers/what-is-peer-review/transparent-peer-review.html</a><br>
<br>
In brief, transparent peer review makes the full reports from peer<br>
reviewers public in a published format that is permanently connected to the<br>
published article so that readers can see both the article itself and all<br>
the peer review and editorial comments on it.<br>
<br>
What strikes me about it are the wider sociocultural, sociopolitical, and<br>
psychological implications and consequences. At a time when we are only<br>
getting started addressing the challenges of global inequities in academic<br>
publishing, it is a worrying development. A number of journals in<br>
applied/educational linguistics have taken leading roles in improving<br>
equitable access to English-medium publishing. I worry that if so-called<br>
transparent peer review were to gain footing in our field, it would lead us<br>
in the wrong direction. It seems to me that the risks far outweigh any<br>
possible benefits.<br>
<br>
The risks I see are the following, though there would likely be other<br>
unintended consequences as well:<br>
<br>
(1) Many peer reviewers will self-censor their review texts because the<br>
readership of the review is public. A review becomes, in effect, an online<br>
publication. Accordingly, many reviewers will write for a public audience<br>
and not for the confidential audience of the editors and authors. Authors,<br>
in turn, will be deprived of candid commentary that will help improve their<br>
work.<br>
<br>
(2) Related to the point above, self-censorship among peer reviewers would<br>
do disproportionate harm to scholars in countries/contexts who have access<br>
to fewer academic resources, including reference materials as well as<br>
training in English academic writing. An important role that peer<br>
reviewers play in fostering global equity and publication access is<br>
providing scholars from such contexts with thorough and constructive<br>
reviews. Not meant for public consumption, such detailed reviews often<br>
provide extensive constructive feedback about literature review scope,<br>
research design, and data analysis because these authors need a deeper<br>
level of guidance than they might have received in other ways. Such<br>
reviews are more so a work product of the writing process than mere<br>
evaluation of submission quality. They often lead to extensive further<br>
development and revision where the final product ends up looking<br>
substantially different from an earlier submission. When reviewers are not<br>
comfortable writing such deep and constructive reviews because they would<br>
be made public, scholars who need this support will not get it. This, in<br>
turn, will result in favoring publications by scholars in academically<br>
privileged contexts.<br>
<br>
(3) Some peer reviewers may write unvarnished peer reviews, whether<br>
anonymous or not, that can be damaging both psychologically and<br>
professionally to authors. This is a particular concern with respect to<br>
junior scholars for whom the power relations with respect to (often more<br>
senior) peer reviewers is especially inequitable. As experienced<br>
researchers, we know that there is great variation in the tone of peer<br>
review texts, and it is not uncommon to see blunt or strident statements or<br>
even mischaracterizations of methods and epistemologies. Having such a<br>
peer review forever associated with one's published article can do major<br>
damage to a researcher's professional reputations and sense of self as a<br>
scholar. It can be harmful for mid-career scholars too, but those who have<br>
already established their reputations and gained respect in the field would<br>
be able to weather a harmfully framed review while a junior scholar just<br>
starting their career might not. It would be similarly more harmful to<br>
scholars from less academically privileged backgrounds for either<br>
unvarnished critiques or work-product-style reviews as noted in the point<br>
above to be made public.<br>
<br>
(4) A further implication of concern about publishing peer review reports<br>
is the chilling effect it will have on researchers' willingness to submit<br>
papers. There is already in many contexts around the world high stakes<br>
associated with publishing in respected international journals. Having<br>
coached scholars at various points in their careers in a variety of<br>
countries, I have seen firsthand the psychological challenges that follow<br>
from navigating the peer review process. Even receiving a confidential<br>
review can be threatening to junior scholars' sense of academic confidence,<br>
and it stifles their willingness to submit manuscripts to journals. The<br>
psychological barrier that would follow from a peer review report being<br>
forever attached in public to a publication online would be paralyzing for<br>
many. This would be especially true of scholars in many global contexts<br>
who already harbor insecurities about English-medium publication and<br>
submitting to international journals but are nonetheless under pressure<br>
from their institutions to do so.<br>
<br>
In sum, so-called "transparent" peer review poses many risks and ethical<br>
dilemmas with which I am greatly troubled. I wonder if others have also<br>
encountered it in our field and what your experiences and thoughts are<br>
about it.<br>
<br>
Best,<br>
Francis<br>
<br>
--<br>
*Francis M. Hult, PhD, FRGS* | Professor<br>
Department of Education<br>
University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC)<br>
<br>
Editor, Educational Linguistics Book Series<br>
<<a href="https://www.springer.com/series/5894" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.springer.com/series/5894</a>><br>
Co-Editor, Contributions to the Sociology of Language Book Series<br>
<<a href="https://www.degruyter.com/view/serial/16644" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.degruyter.com/view/serial/16644</a>><br>
<br>
Web Profile <<a href="https://education.umbc.edu/faculty-list/francis-m-hult/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://education.umbc.edu/faculty-list/francis-m-hult/</a>> |<br>
Academia.edu <<a href="http://umbc.academia.edu/FrancisMHult" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://umbc.academia.edu/FrancisMHult</a>> | TESOL@UMBC<br>
<<a href="http://esol.umbc.edu/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://esol.umbc.edu/</a>><br>
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