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<div>Would you be able to provide the complete bibliographic references to the works you cited in your article, like the title of the book or the title of the article and the title of the journal it comes from in addition to the author(s) and date?</div> <div> </div> <div>Thank you.</div> <div> </div> <div>Joe<BR><B><I>DIONEY <dioney98@unb.br></I></B> wrote:</div> <BLOCKQUOTE class=replbq style="PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #1010ff 2px solid"><BR>A pedido de Françoise Rose, encaminho esta mensagem aos participantes da <BR>Etnolingüstica e da CVL.<BR>Abraço cordial a todos.<BR>Dioney<BR><BR><BR><BR>Dear Colleagues,<BR>In some apparently rare languages, one of the causative markers is <BR>specialized in indicating that the causer not only makes the causee do an <BR>action, but also participates in it. It pertains to a type of causative, <BR>variably called sociative causative (Shibatani and Pardeshi 2002), <BR>comitative
causative (Tupi-Guarani tradition, Cf. Rodrigues 1953), causative <BR>of involvement (Dixon 2000). This type of causative function is more <BR>frequently conveyed by a causative morpheme also coding direct or indirect <BR>causation. We are curious to know more about languages showing a device to <BR>express sociative causative, and especially languages displaying a specific <BR>associative causative marker (along other causative markers), such as below.<BR>Emerillon (Tupi-Guarani, French Guiana)<BR>(1) pe-lo-polahadj-kom.<BR>2PL-CAUS.SOC-dance-PL.O<BR>You made them dance with you.<BR>(2) o-elo-kwa ba’eza’u.<BR>3-CAUS.SOC-pass food<BR>She distributed food (she passes by and have food pass with her).<BR>(3) zawal-enam ka o-(w)elo-nan.<BR>dog-TOP.SWITCH wasp 3 -CAUS.SOC-run<BR>The dog runs with the wasps (The dog makes the wasps “run” with him.)<BR>(4) zawal o-elo-’al tupawəl.<BR>dog 3-CAUS.SOC-fall box<BR>The dog makes the box fall (when falling
himself).<BR>Cavineña (Tacana, Bolivia)<BR>(5) E-ra e-kwe e-bakwa tawi-kere-ya.<BR>1SG-ERG 1SG-GEN 1-child sleep-CAUS.SOC-IMPFV<BR>I (will) make my child sleep with me.<BR>(6) E-ra =tu ara-kere-chine torta Don Francisco.<BR>1SG-ERG =3SG eat-CAUS.SOC-REC.PAST cake Mr. Francisco<BR>I invited Mr. Francisco to eat a cake with me. (I made Mr F. eat a cake with <BR>me).<BR><BR>Shibatani & Pardeshi (2002) distinguish 3 semantic types of sociative <BR>causation :<BR>- joint-action (Mother is making the child play)<BR>- assistive (Mother is making the child pee)<BR>- supervision (Mother is making the child read a book)<BR><BR>Depending on the language, sociative causative may be restricted to <BR>intransitive bases (Tupi-Guarani languages) or may also apply to transitive <BR>bases (Cavineña).<BR>Sociative causative differs from the applicative construction, where a <BR>comitative participant is promoted to an object position, in having a <BR>causative meaning (and probably in
the fact that the causee/object is the <BR>main agent of the action, and the causer/subject the “comitative” <BR>participant). Indeed, there are languages which display a distinction <BR>between a comitative applicative and a sociative causative, as is the case <BR>in Wolof, for example.<BR>There is however in many languages a formal syncretism between causative and <BR>applicative: Shibatani & Pardeshi (2002) underline the fact that “in a fair <BR>number of languages, causative morphemes are associated with the applicative <BR>function of introducing a comitative, instrumental or benefactive argument.” <BR>To summarize, whereas applicative markers can not take the sociative <BR>causative function (but just the comitative one), causative markers may <BR>overlap the applicative function.<BR>Apart from Tupi/Tupi-Guarani languages, Cavineña and Wolof, we have read <BR>about specific sociative causative markers in the Peruvian Pre-Andine Arawak <BR>languages
Nomatsiguenga, Amuesha and Piro (Wise 1986: 593-594) and Asheninca <BR>(Payne 2001), as well as in the Equatorian Barbacoan language Awa Pit <BR>(Timothy Curnow, p.c.), and in Alamblak– Sepik, New Guinea, (Bruce 1984 :55, <BR>155-156).<BR>Our questions are:<BR>- Do you know any other language displaying sociative causative?<BR>- Does it have a specific sociative causative marker?<BR>- What exact meaning does it carry?<BR>- On what type of verbs is it found? (valence + meaning)<BR>- In this language, how do(es) the other type(s) of causative function? Is <BR>there any applicative construction? Is it an “and-language” or a <BR>“with-language” (Stassen 2000)?<BR>Please, send your answers to :<BR><BR>Françoise ROSE, CELIA (CNRS/IRD), France, rose@vjf.cnrs.fr<BR>& Antoine GUILLAUME, Université Lyon, France, aguillau@ish-lyon.cnrs.fr<BR><BR><BR><BR><SPAN style="COLOR: white" width="1"></SPAN> </BLOCKQUOTE><BR><p>
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