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<p><div dir="ltr"><div class="logo">
<br> Minha impressão é de que esses resultados mais recentes contradizem os resultados anteriores -- cujo artigo, tamb'em reproduzido abaixo, circulou antes por aqui.<br><br><br><img src="http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/img/printer_friendly/news_logo.gif" alt="BBC NEWS" width="163" height="34">
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<div class="headline">
Brain's counting skill 'built-in'
</div>
<p>
<b>
Humans have an in-built ability to do mathematics even if they do not
have the language to express it, a research team has suggested. </b>
</p><p> A study in Australian
Aboriginal children, whose languages lack number words, found they did
just as well as English-speaking children in numeracy. </p><p>
The findings contradicts other research which found having "counting words" was the key to developing number skills.
</p><p>
The study appears in the Proceedings of the US National Academy of Sciences.
</p><div class="bo">
<p>
British and Australian researchers assessed 45 indigenous Australian children aged between four and seven years.
</p><p>
</p></div>
<div class="ibox">
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<td width="5">
<br></td>
<td class="fact">
<b>
This may help explain why children in numerate cultures with
developmental dyscalculia find it so difficult to learn arithmetic </b>
<br>
Professor Brian Butterworth
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="bo">
<p>
They compared those who lived in remote areas and only spoke Warlpiri
or Anindilyakawa - two Aboriginal languages with very few number words
- with those who lived in Melbourne and spoke English. </p><p>
<b>
Number tasks
</b>
</p><p>
The children were asked to "copy" the number of objects the researchers placed on a mat.
</p><p>
They then had to repeat the exercise when objects were added under a
cover - so they could not see how many objects were now there but had
to work it out. </p><p> In the most complex task, the children had to match the
right number of counters to the number of times the researcher banged
two sticks together. </p><p> There was no difference in numerical ability between
the children who spoke languages without number words and the
English-speaking children. </p><p> Study leader Professor Brian Butterworth, from the
Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience at University College London, said
two studies in tribes in the Amazon had concluded that words were
necessary for exact number tasks but this research showed otherwise. </p><p>
"We're born with the ability to see the world numerically just as we're born to see the world in colour."
</p><p>
He added that some people may be born without this innate numeracy
mechanism - for example those with dyscalculia who struggle to develop
number skills. </p><p> "This may help explain why children in numerate
cultures with developmental dyscalculia find it so difficult to learn
arithmetic. </p><p> "Although they have plenty of formal and informal
opportunities to learn to count with words and do arithmetic, the
innate mechanism on which skilled arithmetic is based may have
developed atypically," he said. </p><p> Professor Butterworth is currently conducting a large
twin study to shed light on the differences in brains of people with
dyscalculia. </p><p>
</p><p>
</p></div>
Story from BBC NEWS:<br>
<a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/hi/health/7563265.stm">http://news.<wbr>bbc.co.uk/<wbr>go/pr/fr/<wbr>-/2/hi/health/<wbr>7563265.stm</a><br>
<br>
Published: 2008/08/19 00:21:08 GMT<br>
<br>
© BBC MMVIII<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">---------- Forwarded message ----------<br>From: <b class="gmail_sendername">Sidi Facundes</b> <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:sfacundes@gmail.com">sfacundes@gmail.<wbr>com</a>></span><br>
Date: 2008/7/17<br>Subject: Mais uma reportagem sobre os Pirahã: "Tribo da Amazônia contradiz noção de que contar é capacidade 'inata'"<br>To: <a href="mailto:etnolinguistica@yahoogrupos.com.br">etnolinguistica@<wbr>yahoogrupos.<wbr>com.br</a><br>
<br><br>
<div bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000">
Link para reportagem:
<a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/portuguese/reporterbbc/story/2008/07/080717_linguatribonumero_np.shtml" target="_blank">http://www.bbc.<wbr>co.uk/portuguese<wbr>/reporterbbc/<wbr>story/2008/<wbr>07/080717_<wbr>linguatribonumer<wbr>o_np.shtml</a><br>
<br>
<div><img src="cid:part1.05060400.01040603@gmail.com" alt="http://www.bbcbrasil.com" vspace="0" border="0" height="40" hspace="0">
<p>17 de julho, 2008 - 10h47 GMT (07h47 Brasília)</p>
<p> </p>
<h1> Tribo da Amazônia contradiz noção de que contar é
capacidade 'inata' </h1>
<p><b>A
língua falada por uma tribo amazônica que não tem palavras para
designar números contradiz a noção de que o ato de contar seria
inerente à capacidade cognitiva de seres humanos, afirma um estudo do
Instituto de Tecnologia de Massachussets (MIT). </b></p>
<p>A língua da
tribo Pirahã, que vive às margens do rio Maici, em Rondônia, vem sendo
estudada há vários anos por suas características singulares. </p>
<p>No estudo recente, publicado na revista científica
<i>Cognition</i>,
o professor Edward Gibson afirma que os Pirahã não têm palavras para
expressar o conceito de "um" ou de outros números específicos. </p>
<p>Segundo a pesquisa, a tribo teria apenas
expressões para designar quantidades relativas, como "muitas", "poucas"
ou "algumas".</p>
<p>Segundo Gibson, é comum assumir que contar é uma
parte inata da capacidade cognitiva humana, mas "aqui está um grupo que
não conta. Eles poderiam aprender, mas não é útil em sua cultura, então
eles nunca aprenderam". </p>
<p>"A pesquisa oferece provas de que as palavras que
designam números são um conceito inventado pelas culturas humanas
conforme a necessidade e não uma parte inerente da linguagem", disse
Gibson. </p>
<p><b>Experimento</b></p>
<p>A pesquisa partiu de um estudo publicado em 2005
pelo lingüista Dan Everett, que viveu com os índios Pirahã entre 1997 e
2007. </p>
<p>A pesquisa de Everett dizia que a tribo tinha
palavras para expressar a quantidade "um", "dois" e "alguns".</p>
<p> </p>
<div><a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/portuguese/reporterbbc/story/2007/04/070411_tribobrasillinguagemnyfn.shtml" target="_blank"><img src="cid:part2.03070302.06020502@gmail.com" title alt border="0">Leia reportagem sobre a pesquisa de Everett</a></div>
<p>Gibson, no entanto, fez um experimento no qual a
equipe apresentava um objeto ao índio e adicionava um novo objeto de
cada vez até completarem 10. </p>
<p>Durante o processo, os pesquisadores pediam para
que os índios contassem quantos objetos estavam expostos. </p>
<p>A equipe observou que a palavra que anteriormente
foi identificada como se representasse o número "um" foi usada pelos
Pirahã para expressar qualquer quantidade entre um e quatro. </p>
<p>Além disso, a palavra antes associada ao número
"dois" foi usada pelos índios quando cinco ou seis objetos estavam
expostos. </p>
<p>"Essas não são palavras para contar números. Elas
significam quantidades relativas", afirmou Gibson. </p>
<p>Segundo ele, essa estratégia de contagem não havia
sido observada antes, mas poderia ser encontrada em outras línguas na
qual se usam as palavras um, dois e alguns para se contar. </p>
<p>A pesquisa de Gibson faz parte de um amplo projeto
que investiga a relação entre a cultura da tribo Pirahã com sua
cognição e linguagem, com base nos estudos do lingüista Dan Everett. </p>
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#ygrp-vital a{
text-decoration: none;
}
#ygrp-vital a:hover{
text-decoration: underline;
}
#ygrp-sponsor #hd{
color: #999;
font-size: 77%;
}
#ygrp-sponsor #ov{
padding: 6px 13px;
background-color: #e0ecee;
margin-bottom: 20px;
}
#ygrp-sponsor #ov ul{
padding: 0 0 0 8px;
margin: 0;
}
#ygrp-sponsor #ov li{
list-style-type: square;
padding: 6px 0;
font-size: 77%;
}
#ygrp-sponsor #ov li a{
text-decoration: none;
font-size: 130%;
}
#ygrp-sponsor #nc{
background-color: #eee;
margin-bottom: 20px;
padding: 0 8px;
}
#ygrp-sponsor .ad{
padding: 8px 0;
}
#ygrp-sponsor .ad #hd1{
font-family: Arial;
font-weight: bold;
color: #628c2a;
font-size: 100%;
line-height: 122%;
}
#ygrp-sponsor .ad a{
text-decoration: none;
}
#ygrp-sponsor .ad a:hover{
text-decoration: underline;
}
#ygrp-sponsor .ad p{
margin: 0;
}
o{font-size: 0; }
.MsoNormal{
margin: 0 0 0 0;
}
#ygrp-text tt{
font-size: 120%;
}
blockquote{margin: 0 0 0 4px;}
.replbq{margin:4}
-->
</style>
</head>
<!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlEnd|**|-~-->
</html><!--End group email -->