<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body style="background-color: #fff;">
<span style="display:none"> </span>
<!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlStartT|**|-~-->
<div id="ygrp-mlmsg" style="position:relative;">
<div id="ygrp-msg" style="z-index: 1;">
<!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlEndT|**|-~-->
<div id="ygrp-text" >
<p><div>Caro Pedro,<br><br>Muito obrigado por compartilhar na lista suas reflexões sobre este tema. Acho que é sempre proveitoso discutir as questões metodológicas inerentes ao esforço de se determinar parentesco genético de longo alcance. Também li recentemente uma resenha (a sair, me parece, no IJAL) que Lyle Campbell fez do volume em questão (Kari & Potter 2010), em que ele discute vários problemas com as evidências apresentadas por Vajda:<br>
<br><a href="http://j.mp/NaDene" target="_blank">http://j.mp/NaDene</a><br><br>É leitura útil pra todos nós que lidamos com o estudo de parentesco genético. Cada um dos tipos de problemas que ele aponta pode ser facilmente encontrado no nosso continente, mesmo no caso de trabalhos sobre relações menos questionáveis (como aquelas que dizem respeito ao tronco Macro-Jê): o uso desavisado de empréstimos, aproximações semânticas duvidosas, onomatopéias, etc.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>Abraços,</div>
<div> </div>
<div>Eduardo<br></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">On Mon, Aug 22, 2011 at 1:44 PM, Pedro Viegas Barros <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:peviegas2003@yahoo.com.br" target="_blank">peviegas2003@yahoo.com.br</a>></span> wrote:<br>
<blockquote style="BORDER-LEFT: #ccc 1px solid;" class="gmail_quote"><u></u>
<div style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #fff;"><span> </span>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p></p>
<div style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #fff;FONT-FAMILY: times new roman, new york, times, serif;COLOR: #000;FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">
<div><span>Estimado Eduardo,</span></div>
<div><span></span> </div>
<div><span>Con algo de demora (¡tres años!) me decido ahora a hacer públicas algunas reflexiones que ya antes había compartido con Ud. -de manera privada- sobre este tema.</span></div>
<div><span>Un abrazo,</span></div>
<div><span></span> </div>
<div><span>Pedro</span></div>
<div><span><var></var></span> </div><span>
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';">En principio, creo que Vajda ha construido toda una red bastante sólida de argumentaciones; aunque comparto la opinión de que sus comparaciones resultan, muchas veces, más bien imprecisas en el plano semántico. No sé si podría ser de otro modo en una hipótesis de parentesco tan remota como seria ésta.</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Queda, sin embargo, una cuestión que a mi juicio no ha sido abordada como se merecía y que podría haber sido relevante para esta comparación: ¿cuál es la relación de las lenguas Yeniseicas y del grupo Athabaska-Eyak-Tlingit (abreviado AET de aquí en más) con el Haida? En la segunda página de su trabajo, Vajda rechaza categóricamente la comparación con el Haida, afirmando que "…is no demonstrable genetic relationship between Haida and Na-Dene". Pero antes se había expresado de una manera mucho más cautelosa acerca de esta posibilidad (véase Kari y Vajda 2008: 1): "What is the status of Haida <i>vis-a-vis</i> Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit? </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';" lang="EN-GB">Of particular importance is the recent article by John Enrico on Na-Dene published in Anthropological Linguistics (2004:46:229-302)".</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';FONT-SIZE: 12pt;" lang="EN-GB"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Por otra parte, las comparaciones léxicas a las que Vajda (2008) remite para rechazar la relación AET-Haida parecen reducirse -en esencia- a las efectuadas por Ruhlen (1998). Tales comparaciones –como en mi opinión todas las comparaciones de Ruhlen en general- resultan, efectivamente, desechables. Sin embargo, la comparación <span> </span>más importante que se ha publicado entre Haida y Na-Denés es la de Enrico (2004). Este último autor sí conoce (como Vajda) la metodología y posibles alcances de la lingüística histórico-comparativa y además es --posiblemente-- el mayor especialista en lengua Haida entre los lingüistas actuales (tal como Vajda parece serlo en relación a las lenguas Yeniseicas). Habiéndose publicado el trabajo de Enrico en una revista de fácil acceso, no entiendo las razones por las que Vajda (2008) no discute sus comparaciones, prefiriendo hacerlo con las indefendibles de Ruhlen. En mi opinión, hay algunas homologías interesantes entre Yeniseico, AET y Haida que parecen surgir de una comparación entre los trabajos de Vajda (2008) y de Enrico (2004), p. ej. los siguientes aparentes isomorfismos gramaticales:</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';"><u></u> <u></u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';" lang="EN-GB">-- Ket <b><i>h(u)-</i>,</b> PA <b><i>*qU-</i>,</b> Tlingit <b><i>qU</i></b><i>- </i>(Vajda 2008: 15, tabla 15)) 'areal prefix' :: Haida (Enrico 2004: 255, serie 68) <b><i>qEw</i></b> (< *<b><i>quu</i></b>) 'spreading (smoke, fog, heat, mass of individuals or some other substance)',</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';" lang="EN-GB"><u></u> <u></u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';" lang="EN-GB"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';">-- Proto-Yeniseico (Vajda 2008: 17, 19, y también 16, tabla 16) <b><i>*x…</i></b><i> </i></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';" lang="EN-GB">'1<sup>st</sup>. p. singular', PA <i>*Si </i>'1st. p. sing. (pronoun)', <b>*<i>S-</i> <i>~</i> <i>*s-</i></b><i> </i>'1<sup>st</sup>. p. sing. (subject prefix)', Eyak <b><i>xu</i></b> '1<sup>st</sup>.. p. sing. (pronoun)', <b><i>x- ~ s-</i></b> '1<sup>st</sup>. p. sing. (subject prefix)', Tlingit <b><i>Xád</i></b> '1<sup>st</sup>.. p. sing. (pronoun)', <b><i>Xa</i></b><i>-</i> '1<sup>st</sup>. p. sing. (subject prefix)' :: pre-Haida (Enrico 2004: 262, tabla 10) <b><i>*X-</i></b> [precedido por otros elementos] '1<sup>st</sup>. p. sing. (subject/object prefix)',</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';" lang="EN-GB"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';" lang="EN-GB">-- Proto-Yeniseico (Vajda 2008: 17, 19) <i>*<b>wE</b> </i>o *<b><i>hWE</i></b><i> </i>'3<sup>rd</sup> person (free pronoun)', (Enrico 2004: 257, serie 90) PA <i>*<b>wE</b> </i>'3<sup>rd</sup> person obviative (pronoun)', Tlingit <b><i>hú</i></b><i> ~ <b>húu</b> </i>'3<sup>rd</sup>person (pronoun)' :: Haida (Skidegate) <b><i>'u</i></b>, (Masserie, Alaska) <b><i>'wa</i></b> '3<sup>rd</sup> person obviative (pronoun)',</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';" lang="EN-GB"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';" lang="EN-GB">-- Proto-Yeniseico (Vajda 2008: 23, tabla 21) <i>*<b>da</b></i>- 'a verb-deriving prefix', Proto-AET <i>*<b>dE</b>-</i>'"classifier" prefix, decreasing transitivity' :: pre-Haida (Enrico 2004: 262, tabla 10) <b>*<i>d-</i></b> 'marcador de no agentividad (en el pronombre de 1<sup>a</sup> p. sing.)',</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';" lang="EN-GB"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';" lang="EN-GB">-- Proto-Yeniseico (Vajda 2008: 23, tabla 21) <b><i>*g"</i>-</b> (< <b><i>*L</i></b><i>-</i>) 'a verb-deriving prefix', Proto-AET <b><i>*L</i></b><i>-</i><span> </span>'"classifier" prefix, increasing transitivity' :: pre-Haida (Enrico 2004: 263) *<i>L-</i> 'marcador de agentividad (en el pronombre de 1<sup>a</sup> p. sing.)',</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';" lang="EN-GB"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';" lang="EN-GB">-- Proto-Yeniseico (Vajda 2008: 23-4) <b><i>*-(t)L</i></b>, PA <b>*<i>-tL</i></b> 'instrumental', (Enrico 2004: 257, serie 85) PA <b><i>*(h)i'L</i></b> (< <b><i>*(hi)tL'</i></b>), Eyak <b><i>tl'</i></b>, Tlingit <b><i>'iin</i>'with'</b> :: Haida <b><i>'EL</i></b><i> ~ <b>'Ed</b></i> 'with; because of; at the same time as; and'.</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';" lang="EN-GB"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';">O semejanzas léxicas como las siguientes:</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';">-- (Vajda 2008: 42, tabla 29; Enrico 2004: 248, serie 19) Ket <b><i>tv'</i></b>, Yugh <b><i>tv'</i></b>, Arin <b><i>ke</i></b>, PA *<b><i>tsí'</i></b><i> </i>'head', <i>*<b>tsíghaang</b> </i>'brain', Eyak <b><i>tsing'</i></b><i>-<b>dE</b> </i>'neck', Tlingit <b><i>Sá</i></b><i> </i>'head' :: Haida <b><i>ts'E</i></b><i>-</i>, <b><i>ts'a</i></b><i>-</i> en: <b><i>ts'Ek'i</i></b> 'occiput, nape of the neck', <b><i>ts'Ele</i></b>, 'pillow', <b><i>qEsEn</i></b><i> <b>ts'ang</b></i> 'brain'.</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';">-- (Vajda 2008: 45, tabla 30; Enrico 2004: 250, serie 32) Ket <b><i>sil</i></b><i>- </i>en <b><i>silgit</i></b> 'molten fat', <b><i>siil ~ siili</i></b><i> </i>'summer', Proto-Athabaska *<b><i>síl</i></b><i> </i>'steam, vapor', <i>*<b>zil</b> </i>'be hot' :: Haida <b><i>sEL</i></b>, <b><i>sEl gudE</i></b> 'steam (tr. verb)'.</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';">-- (Vajda 2008: 53; Enrico 2004: 255, serie 73) Ket <i>–<b>qan</b></i>, Yugh <b><i>Xan</i></b> 'cook, boil', Kott <i>–<b>gan</b></i> 'cook, burn', PA <b><i>q'a·n</i></b> 'burn, ignite', Eyak <b><i>q'a</i> </b>'burn', Tlingit <b><i>gaan</i></b><i> </i>'burn' :: Haida <b><i>GEy</i></b><i>- </i>possibly 'burning', cf. <b><i>GEynE</i></b> 'driftwood', <b><i>GEyuu</i></b> 'give off smoke', <b><i>GEyxid</i></b> 'ashes'. </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';">-- (Vajda 2008: 53; Enrico 2004: 255, serie 69 [en parte]) Ket <b><i>qo</i></b><i>· </i>'outer part of mouth', <b><i>qo'n</i></b> 'lips', <b><i>ka·t</i></b> 'edge, fringe', PA <i>*<b>q'a'</b></i><b> <span> </span></b>'edge', Eyak <b><i>q'e'</i></b><i> <span> </span></i>'mouth', Tlingit <b><i>X'e </i></b>'outer part of mouth' :: Haida <i>q'yuu </i>'entrance of enclosed space'.</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';">-- (Vajda 2008: 53; Enrico 2004: 256, serie 76) Ket <b><i>qa·-de</i></b><i> <span> </span></i>'wool, hair', Yugh <b><i>Xa·t</i></b> <span> </span>'hair', Kott <b><i>he-ngai</i></b><i> </i> 'hair', PA <i>*<b>qaw</b></i> (or?) </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';" lang="EN-GB">*<i>-<b>gha'</b> </i>'hair', Eyak <b><i>Xu'</i></b><i> </i>'fur', Tlingit <b><i>Xaaw</i></b><i> </i>'fur, hair' :: Haida <b><i>GEw</i></b><i> </i>'hair, fur, bird plummage'.</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';" lang="EN-GB"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';" lang="EN-GB">-- (Vajda 2008: 55; Enrico 2004: 252, serie 45) Ket <b><i>èn</i></b><i> </i>'son-in-law', PA <i>*<b>Len</b> </i>(Vajda) 'son-in-law', (Enrico) 'man's brother-in-law' :: Haida <b><i>LEnEGu</i></b><i> </i>'sister-in-law, brother-in-law'</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Así las cosas, me queda la vaga sensación de que una relación genética del Haida con las lenguas AET y Yeniseicas podría ser eventualmente posible. En cualquier caso, la inclusión o no del Haida en este grupo lingüístico no es un hecho intranscendente. Si el parentesco de todas estas lenguas finalmente se demostrara, y si resultara que el Haida fuese (como algunos indicios parecen sugerir) la rama más divergente, entonces el lugar de origen más plausible se encontraría en alguna parte de Alaska (plausiblemente, en su costa sur), y habría que suponer que los hablantes de lenguas Yeniseicas habrían emigrado desde allí hasta Siberia central.</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';">De comprobarse esta hipótesis, resultaría éste el único caso conocido de expansión de una familia de lenguas originaria del continente americano hacia otra parte del mundo.</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';" lang="EN-GB">Referencias</span></u><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';" lang="EN-GB"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';" lang="EN-GB">Enrico, John (2004): Towards Preoto-Na-Dene, <i>Anthropological Linguistics</i> 46 (3): 229-302. </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';" lang="EN-GB">Kari, James y Edward Vajda (2008); Some questions prompted by the Dene-Yeniseic hypothesis <</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';FONT-SIZE: 12pt;" lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://eres.uaf.edu/tempfiles/tmp15817/DY_disc_ques7.pdf" target="_blank"><span style="COLOR: blue;FONT-SIZE: 11pt;">http://eres.uaf.edu/tempfiles/tmp15817/DY_disc_ques7.pdf</span></a></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';" lang="EN-GB">> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';" lang="EN-GB">Ruhlen, Merrit (1998): The origin of Na-Dene, <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences </i>95 (13): 994-996. </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';" lang="EN-GB">Vajda, Edward (2008): A Siberian link with Na-Dene languages. <</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';FONT-SIZE: 12pt;" lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://eres.uaf.edu/tempfiles/tmp15877/SiberianLinkWithNaDene.pdf" target="_blank"><span style="COLOR: blue;FONT-SIZE: 11pt;">http://eres.uaf.edu/tempfiles/tmp15877/SiberianLinkWithNaDene.pdf</span></a></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';" lang="EN-GB">></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';" lang="EN-GB"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';" lang="EN-GB">Símbolos:</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif';FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal"><font face="Calibri"><b><i><span lang="EN-GB">E</span></i></b><b><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></b><span lang="EN-GB">schwa, <b><i>gh</i></b> fricativa velar sonora, <b><i>g"</i></b><i> </i>aproximante velar,<i> <b>G</b></i><b> </b>oclusiva<i> </i>uvular sonora, <i>L</i> fricativa<i> </i>lateral<i> </i>sorda<i>, <b>ng</b> </i>nasal velar,<i> <b>S</b> </i>fricativa<i> </i>alveo<i>-</i>palatal<i> </i>sorda, <b><i>tL</i></b> africada<i> </i>lateral<i> </i>sorda<i>, <b>U</b></i><b> </b>vocal <b>u</b> abierta o relajada ("reducida", en la terminología de los athabakanistas), <b><i>v</i> </b>vocal alta posterior no redondeada, <b><i>'</i> <span> </span></b>oclusión glotal.<u></u><u></u></span></font></div>
<div></div></span> </div>
<div> </div>
<div> </div>
<div style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman, new york, times, serif;FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">
<div style="FONT-FAMILY: times new roman, new york, times, serif;FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font size="2" face="Arial">
<div style="BORDER-BOTTOM: #ccc 1px solid;BORDER-LEFT: #ccc 1px solid;FONT-SIZE: 0px;BORDER-TOP: #ccc 1px solid;BORDER-RIGHT: #ccc 1px solid;" readonly></div><b><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold;">De:</span></b> "<a href="mailto:kariri@gmail.com" target="_blank">kariri@gmail.com</a>" <<a href="mailto:kariri@gmail.com" target="_blank">kariri@gmail.com</a>><br>
<b><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold;">Para:</span></b> <a href="mailto:etnolinguistica@yahoogrupos.com.br" target="_blank">etnolinguistica@yahoogrupos.com.br</a><br><b><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold;">Enviadas:</span></b> Sexta-feira, 7 de Março de 2008 18:02<br>
<b><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold;">Assunto:</span></b> [etnolinguistica] Linguist List Issue: Linguists demonstrate Siberian-North American link<br></font><br>
<div>
<div>
<div>Eduardo Rivail Ribeiro thought you might be interested in this item from the LINGUIST List<br>------------ --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- -<br>Eduardo Rivail Ribeiro says ...<br><br>Prezados,<br><br>
Aos que já leram a mensagem abaixo, minhas desculpas pela repetição.<br><br>Fico imaginando que estimativa de profundidade temporal atribuiriam ao "Proto Na-Dene/Yeniseic" -- e que conseqüências isto teria para a (re-a)avaliação dos limites do método comparativo. .. Algum palpite?<br>
<br>Abraços,<br><br>Eduardo<br>------------ --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- -<br><br>Message1: Linguists demonstrate Siberian-North American link<br>Date:02-Mar- 2008<br>From:Andrea Berez <a href="mailto:aberez%40umail.ucsb.edu" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">aberez@umail. ucsb.edu</a><br>
LINGUIST List issue <a href="http://linguistlist.org/issues/19/19-717.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://linguistlist .org/issues/ 19/19-717. html</a> <br><br>Feb. 28, 2008<br><br>A long-sought connection between Siberian and North American language<br>
families has been demonstrated by linguists from Washington and Alaska. <br>Professor Edward Vajda of Western Washington University (Bellingham) , a<br>specialist on the Ket language isolate spoken by a shrinking number of<br>
elders living along the Yenisei River of central Siberia, combining ten<br>years of library and field work on Ket and relying on the earlier work of<br>Heinrich Werner on the now-extinct relatives of Ket, has clarified the<br>
dauntingly complex morphology and phonology of Ket and its Yeniseic<br>congeners. At a symposium held Feb. 26-27 at the University of Alaska,<br>Fairbanks and a panel to take place Feb. 29 at the Alaska Anthropological<br>
Association annual meeting in Anchorage, Vajda shows that the abstract<br>forms of lexical and grammatical morphemes and the rules of composition of<br>the Ket verb find systematic and numerous parallels in the Na-Dene<br>
protolanguage reconstructed to account for the modern Tlingit and Eyak<br>languages and the Athabaskan language family (whose daughters include<br>Gwich'in, Koyukon, Dena'ina and others of Alaska, Hupa of California, and<br>
Navajo of the U.S. Southwest). The comparison was made possible by recent<br>advances in the analysis of Tlingit phonology and Tlingit-Athabaskan- Eyak<br>presented at the same symposium by Prof. Jeff Leer of the University of<br>
Alaska, Fairbanks, and by earlier work by Prof. Michael Krauss of UAF on<br>the now-extinct Eyak language and on comparative Athabaskan, and on<br>Athabaskan lexicography and verb stem analysis by symposium organizer Prof.<br>
James Kari of UAF. Working independently, Vajda and the Alaska linguists<br>have arrived at abstract stem shapes and ancestral wordforms too numerous<br>and displaying too many idiosyncratic parallels to be explained by anything<br>
other than common descent. The comparison also shows conclusively that<br>Haida, sometimes associated with Na-Dene, is not related.<br><br>The distance from the Yeniseian range to that the most distant Athabaskan<br>languages is the greatest overland distance covered by any known language<br>
spread not using wheeled transport or sails. Archaeologist Prof. Ben<br>Potter of UAF reviewed the postglacial prehistory of Beringia and<br>speculated that the Na-Dene speakers may descend from some of the earliest<br>colonizers of the Americas, who eventually created the successful and<br>
long-lived Northern Archaic tool tradition that dominated interior and<br>northern Alaska almost until historical times.<br><br>Vajda's work has been well vetted. In addition to Na-Dene specialists<br>Krauss, Leer, and Kari, who have reacted favorably, the symposium was also<br>
attended by historical linguists Prof. Eric P. Hamp of the University of<br>Chicago and Prof. Johanna Nichols of the University of California,<br>Berkeley, both of whom announced their support for the proposed<br>relationship, and Bernard Comrie, Director of the Linguistics Department,<br>
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig and professor<br>at UC Santa Barbara, endorsed Vajda's method. Athabaskanist Prof. Victor<br>Golla of Humboldt State University, Eurasianist Prof. Michael Fortescue of<br>
the University of Copenhagen, Yeniseicist Dr. Heinrich Werner of Bonn<br>(formerly of Taganrog University, Russia), Prof. Bernard Comrie (Max Plank<br>Institute, Leipzig), and Prof. Nicholas Evans (Australian National<br>
University) read the draft of Vajda's report and reacted favorably [these<br>five have not been consulted in the writing of this statement].<br><br>A feature article will appear in the Anchorage Daily News on Tuesday, March<br>
4, 2008. <a href="http://www.adn.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://www.adn. com/</a><br><br>Symposium website: <a href="http://www.uaf.edu/anlc/dy2008.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://www.uaf. edu/anlc/ dy2008.html</a> <br>
<br>Contact:<br>Jim Kari, UAF: <a href="mailto:ffjmk%40uaf.edu" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">ffjmk@uaf.edu</a><br>Johanna Nichols, UC Berkeley: <a href="mailto:johanna%40berkeley.edu" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">johanna@berkeley. edu</a><br>
Edward Vajda, Western Washington: <a href="mailto:eddievajda%40yahoo.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">eddievajda@yahoo. com</a> <br><br>Linguistic Field(s): Anthropological Linguistics<br>Genetic Classification<br>Historical Linguistics<br>
<br>Also you can take a look at it by visiting <br><a href="http://linguistlist.org/issues/19/19-717.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://linguistlist .org/issues/ 19/19-717. html</a><br><br>Read other LINGUIST List posts:<br>
<a href="http://linguistlist.org/issues/index.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://linguistlist .org/issues/ index.html</a><br><br>Get your own free subscription to The LINGUIST List:<br><a href="http://linguistlist.org/LL/subs-index.cfm" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://linguistlist .org/LL/subs- index.cfm</a><br>
<br></div></div></div><br><br></div></div>
<p></p></div></div>
<div style="COLOR: #fff;"></div></div></div></blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><br>-- <br>Eduardo Rivail Ribeiro, lingüista<br><a href="http://wado.us/" target="_blank">http://wado.us</a><br>
</p>
</div>
<!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlStart|**|-~-->
<div style="color: #fff; height: 0;">__._,_.___</div>
<div id="ygrp-actbar" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 10px; white-space: nowrap; color: #666; padding-top: 15px;">
<div>
<a href="mailto:kariri@gmail.com?subject=Res%3A%20Re%3A%20%5Betnolinguistica%5D%20Linguist%20List%20Issue%3A%20Linguists%20demonstrate%20Siberian-North%20American%20link" style="margin-right: 0; padding-right: 0;">
<span style="font-weight: 700;"></span></a> |
<a href="mailto:etnolinguistica@yahoogrupos.com.br?subject=Res%3A%20Re%3A%20%5Betnolinguistica%5D%20Linguist%20List%20Issue%3A%20Linguists%20demonstrate%20Siberian-North%20American%20link">
<span style="font-weight: 700;">através de email</span></a> |
<a href="http://br.groups.yahoo.com/group/etnolinguistica/post;_ylc=X3oDMTJwbXZ2a3EzBF9TAzk3NDkwNDM3BGdycElkAzg5NzgzNTgEZ3Jwc3BJZAMyMTM3MTEzNDQ4BG1zZ0lkAzMwNTkEc2VjA2Z0cgRzbGsDcnBseQRzdGltZQMxMzE0Mjk0MjA2?act=reply&messageNum=3059">Responder <span style="font-weight: 700;">através da web</span></a> |
<a href="http://br.groups.yahoo.com/group/etnolinguistica/post;_ylc=X3oDMTJlaGlqMzE1BF9TAzk3NDkwNDM3BGdycElkAzg5NzgzNTgEZ3Jwc3BJZAMyMTM3MTEzNDQ4BHNlYwNmdHIEc2xrA250cGMEc3RpbWUDMTMxNDI5NDIwNg--" style="font-weight: 700;">Adicionar um novo tópico</a>
</div>
<a href="http://br.groups.yahoo.com/group/etnolinguistica/message/1506;_ylc=X3oDMTM0bTNqbThtBF9TAzk3NDkwNDM3BGdycElkAzg5NzgzNTgEZ3Jwc3BJZAMyMTM3MTEzNDQ4BG1zZ0lkAzMwNTkEc2VjA2Z0cgRzbGsDdnRwYwRzdGltZQMxMzE0Mjk0MjA2BHRwY0lkAzE1MDY-">Mensagens neste tópico</a>
(<span style="font-weight: 700;">4</span>)
</div>
<!------- Start Nav Bar ------>
<!-- |**|begin egp html banner|**| -->
<!-- |**|end egp html banner|**| -->
<!-- |**|begin egp html banner|**| -->
<div id="ygrp-vital" style="background-color: #e0ecee; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 10px;">
<span id="vithd" style="font-weight: bold; color: #333; text-transform: uppercase; ">Atividade nos últimos dias:</span>
<ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; display: inline;">
<li style="border-right: 1px solid #000; font-weight: 700; display: inline; padding: 0 5px; margin-left: 0;">
<span class="cat"><a href="http://br.groups.yahoo.com/group/etnolinguistica/members;_ylc=X3oDMTJmcW8wcnFrBF9TAzk3NDkwNDM3BGdycElkAzg5NzgzNTgEZ3Jwc3BJZAMyMTM3MTEzNDQ4BHNlYwN2dGwEc2xrA3ZtYnJzBHN0aW1lAzEzMTQyOTQyMDY-?o=6" style="text-decoration: none;">Novos usuários</a></span>
<span class="ct" style="color: #ff7900;">1</span>
</li>
</ul>
<div style="clear: both; padding-top: 2px; color: #1e66ae;">
<a href="http://br.groups.yahoo.com/group/etnolinguistica;_ylc=X3oDMTJlOTJxbzdnBF9TAzk3NDkwNDM3BGdycElkAzg5NzgzNTgEZ3Jwc3BJZAMyMTM3MTEzNDQ4BHNlYwN2dGwEc2xrA3ZnaHAEc3RpbWUDMTMxNDI5NDIwNg--" style="text-decoration: none;">Visite seu Grupo</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id="ygrp-grfd" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12px; padding: 15px 0;">
<!-- |**|begin egp html banner|**| -->
-----------------------------------------------------------------<BR>
Nosso website reúne links para diversos recursos online,<BR>
incluindo:<BR>
<BR>
*Teses (www.etnolinguistica.org/teses)<BR>
*Periódicos (www.etnolinguistica.org/periodicos)<BR>
*Línguas indígenas na mídia (www.etnolinguistica.org/imprensa)<BR>
*Outros websites de interesse (www.etnolinguistica.org/sites)<BR>
<BR>
Para sugerir novos links ou corrigir links desatualizados, <BR>
escreva para links@etnolinguistica.org. Para informar-se sobre novos acréscimos ao website, visite <a href="http://twitter.com/etnolinguistica">http://twitter.com/etnolinguistica</a><BR>
<BR>
O uso dos recursos da lista Etnolingüística baseia-se no<BR>
reconhecimento e aceitação de suas diretrizes. Para conhecê-las,<BR>
visite www.etnolinguistica.org/normas<BR>
------------------------------------------------------------------
<!-- |**|end egp html banner|**| -->
</div>
<div id="ft" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-top: 5px; padding: 0 2px 0 0; clear: both;">
<a href="http://br.groups.yahoo.com/;_ylc=X3oDMTJkZzgxc2dyBF9TAzk3NDkwNDM1BGdycElkAzg5NzgzNTgEZ3Jwc3BJZAMyMTM3MTEzNDQ4BHNlYwNmdHIEc2xrA2dmcARzdGltZQMxMzE0Mjk0MjA2" style="float: left;"><img src="http://l.yimg.com/a/i/us/yg/logo/br.gif" height="19" width="141" alt="Yahoo! Grupos" style="border: 0;"/></a>
<div style="color: #747575; float: right;">Trocar para: <a href="mailto:etnolinguistica-traditional@yahoogrupos.com.br?subject=Mudar Formato de Envio: Tradicional" style="text-decoration: none;">Só Texto</a>, <a href="mailto:etnolinguistica-digest@yahoogrupos.com.br?subject=Envio de email: Resenha" class="margin-rt" style="text-decoration: none;">Resenha Diária</a> • <a href="mailto:etnolinguistica-unsubscribe@yahoogrupos.com.br?subject=Sair do grupo" style="text-decoration: none;">Sair do grupo</a> • <a href="http://br.yahoo.com/info/utos.html" style="text-decoration: none;">Termos de uso</a></div>
</div>
<!-- |**|end egp html banner|**| -->
</div> <!-- ygrp-msg -->
<!-- Sponsor -->
<!-- |**|begin egp html banner|**| -->
<div id="ygrp-sponsor" style="width:160px; float:right; clear:none; margin:0 0 25px 0; background: #fff;">
<!-- Start Recommendations -->
<div id="ygrp-reco">
</div>
<!-- End Recommendations -->
</div> <!-- |**|end egp html banner|**| -->
<div style="clear:both; color: #FFF; font-size:1px;">.</div>
</div>
<img src="http://geo.yahoo.com/serv?s=97490437/grpId=8978358/grpspId=2137113448/msgId=3059/stime=1314294206" width="1" height="1"> <br>
<div style="color: #fff; height: 0;">__,_._,___</div>
<!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlEnd|**|-~-->
</body>
<!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlStart|**|-~-->
<head>
<style type="text/css">
<!--
#ygrp-mkp {
border: 1px solid #d8d8d8;
font-family: Arial;
margin: 10px 0;
padding: 0 10px;
}
#ygrp-mkp hr {
border: 1px solid #d8d8d8;
}
#ygrp-mkp #hd {
color: #628c2a;
font-size: 85%;
font-weight: 700;
line-height: 122%;
margin: 10px 0;
}
#ygrp-mkp #ads {
margin-bottom: 10px;
}
#ygrp-mkp .ad {
padding: 0 0;
}
#ygrp-mkp .ad p {
margin: 0;
}
#ygrp-mkp .ad a {
color: #0000ff;
text-decoration: none;
}
#ygrp-sponsor #ygrp-lc {
font-family: Arial;
}
#ygrp-sponsor #ygrp-lc #hd {
margin: 10px 0px;
font-weight: 700;
font-size: 78%;
line-height: 122%;
}
#ygrp-sponsor #ygrp-lc .ad {
margin-bottom: 10px;
padding: 0 0;
}
a {
color: #1e66ae;
}
#actions {
font-family: Verdana;
font-size: 11px;
padding: 10px 0;
}
#activity {
background-color: #e0ecee;
float: left;
font-family: Verdana;
font-size: 10px;
padding: 10px;
}
#activity span {
font-weight: 700;
}
#activity span:first-child {
text-transform: uppercase;
}
#activity span a {
color: #5085b6;
text-decoration: none;
}
#activity span span {
color: #ff7900;
}
#activity span .underline {
text-decoration: underline;
}
.attach {
clear: both;
display: table;
font-family: Arial;
font-size: 12px;
padding: 10px 0;
width: 400px;
}
.attach div a {
text-decoration: none;
}
.attach img {
border: none;
padding-right: 5px;
}
.attach label {
display: block;
margin-bottom: 5px;
}
.attach label a {
text-decoration: none;
}
blockquote {
margin: 0 0 0 4px;
}
.bold {
font-family: Arial;
font-size: 13px;
font-weight: 700;
}
.bold a {
text-decoration: none;
}
dd.last p a {
font-family: Verdana;
font-weight: 700;
}
dd.last p span {
margin-right: 10px;
font-family: Verdana;
font-weight: 700;
}
dd.last p span.yshortcuts {
margin-right: 0;
}
div.attach-table div div a {
text-decoration: none;
}
div.attach-table {
width: 400px;
}
div.file-title a, div.file-title a:active, div.file-title a:hover, div.file-title a:visited {
text-decoration: none;
}
div.photo-title a, div.photo-title a:active, div.photo-title a:hover, div.photo-title a:visited {
text-decoration: none;
}
div#ygrp-mlmsg #ygrp-msg p a span.yshortcuts {
font-family: Verdana;
font-size: 10px;
font-weight: normal;
}
.green {
color: #628c2a;
}
.MsoNormal {
margin: 0 0 0 0;
}
o {
font-size: 0;
}
#photos div {
float: left;
width: 72px;
}
#photos div div {
border: 1px solid #666666;
height: 62px;
overflow: hidden;
width: 62px;
}
#photos div label {
color: #666666;
font-size: 10px;
overflow: hidden;
text-align: center;
white-space: nowrap;
width: 64px;
}
#reco-category {
font-size: 77%;
}
#reco-desc {
font-size: 77%;
}
.replbq {
margin: 4px;
}
#ygrp-actbar div a:first-child {
/* border-right: 0px solid #000;*/
margin-right: 2px;
padding-right: 5px;
}
#ygrp-mlmsg {
font-size: 13px;
font-family: Arial, helvetica,clean, sans-serif;
*font-size: small;
*font: x-small;
}
#ygrp-mlmsg table {
font-size: inherit;
font: 100%;
}
#ygrp-mlmsg select, input, textarea {
font: 99% Arial, Helvetica, clean, sans-serif;
}
#ygrp-mlmsg pre, code {
font:115% monospace;
*font-size:100%;
}
#ygrp-mlmsg * {
line-height: 1.22em;
}
#ygrp-mlmsg #logo {
padding-bottom: 10px;
}
#ygrp-mlmsg a {
color: #1E66AE;
}
#ygrp-msg p a {
font-family: Verdana;
}
#ygrp-msg p#attach-count span {
color: #1E66AE;
font-weight: 700;
}
#ygrp-reco #reco-head {
color: #ff7900;
font-weight: 700;
}
#ygrp-reco {
margin-bottom: 20px;
padding: 0px;
}
#ygrp-sponsor #ov li a {
font-size: 130%;
text-decoration: none;
}
#ygrp-sponsor #ov li {
font-size: 77%;
list-style-type: square;
padding: 6px 0;
}
#ygrp-sponsor #ov ul {
margin: 0;
padding: 0 0 0 8px;
}
#ygrp-text {
font-family: Georgia;
}
#ygrp-text p {
margin: 0 0 1em 0;
}
#ygrp-text tt {
font-size: 120%;
}
#ygrp-vital ul li:last-child {
border-right: none !important;
}
-->
</style>
</head>
<!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlEnd|**|-~-->
</html>
<!-- end group email -->