Optimality and a Lit Review
Dan Everett
dever at ISP.PITT.EDU
Wed Feb 14 15:54:46 UTC 1996
Here are instructions for FTPing from the OT archives at rutgers.
You should find the request material there.
-- DLE
*******
>>From prince at ruccs.rutgers.edu Fri Sep 9 11:22 EDT 1994
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From: prince at ruccs.rutgers.edu (Alan Prince)
Message-Id: <9409091527.AA11915 at ruccs.rutgers.edu>
To: dever at isp.pitt.edu
Subject: ROA.info
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::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:::Rutgers Optimality Archive:::
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
The Rutgers Optimality Archive (ROA) exists to facilitate
dissemination of work in OT. Papers in the Archive are unedited,
unreviewed, unhouseled, unanneled, unimprimatured, unsolicited,
self-selected. The Archive is open to any and all who want to
disseminate their work in, on, or about OT.
Archiving is not a form of publication. By universal convention,
electronic archiving is completely independent of publication, future
or prior. It is the moral equivalent of mailing out a typescript,
pre-print, or off-print.
To post in the Archive, use anonymous ftp to upload your paper into
/pub/UPLOADS on ruccs.rutgers.edu. Then send me <prince at ruccs.rutgers.edu>
an e-message giving the TITLE of your piece, its LENGTH in pp., and the
FORMAT details (e.g WP6.0, WORD4.3, postscript, ASCII text, whatever).
I will take it from there.
FORMAT. All formats are accepted. I strongly urge supplying at least a
postscript version. WORD users should also post their text in the form
of an RTF file, which can be read on MACs, PCs, and by other word
processors of recent vintage. The latest versions of WP also allow you
to create RTF files. Be sure to use binary transfer for files in WP or
WORD format.
Note: postscript files can be easily produced from WORD and WP
by (1) declaring a postscript printer (e.g. Apple LaserWriter), and
(2) printing to a disk file instead of to a printer; this file can
then be sent to the archive. Recommendation: use a font that is native
to the declared printer to avoid swelling the file to huge dimensions.
FTP. Unsure of FTP? The basics can be garnered from the file
FTP.how-to in the directory /pub/OT/TEXTS on ruccs.rutgers.edu.
To get that file by email, drop me <prince at ruccs.rutgers.edu>
a note with FTP in the subject header. To get the file by ftp,
starting out from your home machine, follow this sequence of
instructions. At your home machine, type
ftp ruccs.rutgers.edu
At the request for a login Name type
anonymous
At the request for a password: type your email address.
me at where.i.am (NB. me= your login name; etc., etc.)
Then type:
cd /pub/OT/TEXTS
get FTP.how-to
This will transfer the file FTP.how-to to your machine, where you
may read it at your leisure.
-Alan Prince
prince at ruccs.rutgers.edu
**
>>From prince at ruccs.rutgers.edu Fri Sep 9 11:22 EDT 1994
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Date: Fri, 9 Sep 94 11:26:36 EDT
From: prince at ruccs.rutgers.edu (Alan Prince)
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To: dever at isp.pitt.edu
Subject: FTP.how-to
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ANONYMOUS FTP
The program ftp (for `file transfer protocol'), found on all
mainframes worthy of the name, is useful for transferring files over
internet. Any file can be transferred -- text or binary -- so long as
you have permission to read it at the source and write it at the
destination. ``Anonymous ftp'' allows you to login at a remote machine
under the pseudonym `anonymous' [no quotes] using as password your
email address; once logged in, you have limited privileges sufficient
to allow for transfer of files from (and sometimes to) designated
areas. Transfer is rapid: only a few minutes for _Moby Dick_ on a
good day and usually only a few seconds for a more reasonable-sized
file. The following are instructions for the use of anonymous ftp.
First I give a summary of the relevant command set, then a more
discursive presentation.
=======================
SUMMARY:
To retrieve a file by ftp from ROA, type
ftp ruccs.rutgers.edu
When you are asked for your login, type:
anonymous
Enter password as per instructions = your email address (make sure to
include the specified @), and then change directories with:
cd /pub/OT/TEXTS
To show the available files, type:
dir
To retrieve a file, type
get <filename>
To find out what's currently available, retrieve README:
get README
You must read README locally, on your own machine.
In UNIX you can do this from within FTP by typing
!more README
If you are retrieving a binary file (such as one in WordPerfect), you
must type
binary
BEFORE you issue the `get' command.
When you have the file(s) you want, type:
quit
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
DISCUSSION
============================================
NOTATION: in the text, I will write e.g.
...the command `ls' allows you to.... When you issue this
command, DO NOT surround it with quotes. Under no condition will you
need to `single quote' anything at the command line.
====================
::::CONNECTING and DOWNLOADING:::::
Use of ftp requires knowledge of only a few commands. To start the
program, type `ftp ruccs.rutgers.edu' [no quotes--last warning] at
the prompt on your mainframe account.
My-Machine> ftp ruccs.rutgers.edu
(Note: if you omit the destination name, you will enter the ftp
program, from which the command `open ruccs.rutgers.edu' will
accomplish the same linkage.)
At this point you will be asked for a login name: supply
`anonymous'. After that, you'll be prompted to give you
email address as a password. The session may look like this:
Name (ruccs.rutgers.edu: your-local-name): anonymous
331 Guest login ok, send e-mail address as password.
Password: me at where.i.am
230 guest login ok, access restrictions apply.
ftp>
I've included the kind of chatter the ftp program is likely to spew out.
Now you are logged-in to a restricted region of the ruccs directory
system. To see where you are, issue the command `dir' or `ls' at the
ftp prompt.
Among the subdirectories that will be listed is /pub/. This is where all
anonymous ftp action takes place on ruccs.
The files you will want to get are in subdirectories of /pub/,
in particular, /pub/OT.
And if you want to deposit a file onto ruccs, you will do it
in /pub/UPLOADS.
You will want to move to the directories where the relevant files are
located. The directory /pub/ has a subdirectory OT where all OT files
are to found. Try this
ftp> cd /pub/OT/TEXTS
ftp> dir
This puts you in the subdirectory of OT where all the Rutgers
Optimality Archive is located. You should see that there is a file
README listed, as well as various others which contain the papers in
the archive. Try this:
ftp> get README
This will cause the ftp program to copy README into the directory
on your home system from which you issued the `ftp' command.
After you have obtained the file, you will want to read it
locally. After `get'ting it, the command `!cat README' or `!more
README' on a UNIX system will cause it to be typed out on the screen.
(To issue a local UNIX command from within ftp, prefix the normal
command with `!'.)
From README, you will learn about the files that are available
on the system. You can choose from those that you wish to obtain.
Suppose for example you wish to get `align.ps', the postscript version
of McCarthy & Prince's ``Generalized Alignment.'' You simply issue the
command `get align.ps':
ftp> get align.ps
NOTE: ftp will remorsely write over files on your system that have the
same name. But you can tell it to use a different name locally by
including it as a second argument of `get':
ftp> get align.ps generalized.alignment.ps
This writes the file on your system under the name `generalized.alignment.ps'
NOTE: if you want to get multiple files, using a wildcard variable in the
file name, use the command `mget':
ftp> mget *.ps
will get all files with the extension `.ps'.
NOTE: if you want to review a lengthy directory listing, try this:
ftp> dir . temp
This will send the entire dir list into the file `temp' on your local
system. (Of course, you can give it any name you want.) The `.' in
the command signifies the directory you're at in the remote ftp host;
you can also use standard directory-naming syntax.
To read temp while still in ftp, type (from UNIX)
ftp> !more temp
If you want a condensed listing of directory contents, use `ls' :
ftp> ls . temp
If you want to restrict the file-listing to some alphetical segment, type:
ftp> dir [a-c]*
(for example), which lists those files starting with letters a-c.
The command 'ls' works the same way.
:::::::UPLOADING::::::
To deposit a file on ruccs use the command `put <filename>' where
<filename> is the name of a file on your own machine. This command
will only work if you are in a directory on the remote machine where
you have permission to write. On ruccs, as noted above, this
privilege holds *only* of the directory /pub/UPLOADS.
::::::ADDITIONAL POINTS, SOME CRUCIAL:::::::
To disentangle yourself from ruccs, issue the command `close'.
To get out of ftp entirely, use `quit'. The command `quit' can also
be used to close the connection and exit ftp at one blow.
TRAVEL ADVISORY. If you are lost in the directory structure, the command
`pwd' will tell you where you are.
NB. on UNIX systems, the command `!pwd' will tell where you
are locally, on your own machine.
IMPORTANT NOTE. If you are transferring (putting or getting) a binary
file, such as a WORD or WordPerfect file, you must inform the program
of your intentions. Issue the command `binary' when you are connected
to your remote host before you initiate any transfers.
When uploading binary files to your mainframe, your local
communication software MUST BE enabled to deal with binary files. In
kermit, issue the command `set file type binary' at the mainframe
level prior to file transfer.
WARNING: If you fail at any point in the chain to notify the
relevant file transfer program that it must handle a binary file,
garble & corruption will result.
CASE NOTE. Some older versions of ftp on VMS machines are clumsy in
dealing with the fact that case distinctions (upper vs. lower) are
not neutralized in UNIX, as they are in VMS. If you are a prisoner
of VMS, you may have to issue commands like `set case upper' and
`set case lower' to force the host to read your command in one or
the other of them. John McCarthy reports success with the command
`set case normal' followed by citation of directory and file names
within double quotes. Whence:
ftp> set case normal
ftp> cd "pub/OT/"
does the job on his VMS system. At any rate, be aware that the upper vs.
lower case distinction is significant on ruccs.
Info note. The command `?' at the ftp prompt will get you a list of
ftp commands. The command `? <command-name>' will get you a very
concise account of what the command does.
:::::LEARNING about FTP::::::::
Remember, you can do no harm, so feel free to experiment.
Further information can easily be garnered from your own
system by issuing the command `man ftp' (UNIX) and `help ftp' (VMS) at
the system prompt. Your local computer center probably has a dial-in
line where help can be obtained from youthful gurus, as well.
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