From efiguero at CAPOMO.USON.MX  Thu May  1 00:27:52 1997
From: efiguero at CAPOMO.USON.MX (Enrique Figueroa E.)
Date: Wed, 30 Apr 1997 18:27:52 -0600
Subject: Virus Warning (fwd)
Message-ID: <WED.30.APR.1997.182752.0600.EFIGUERO@CAPOMO.USON.MX>

---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Wed, 30 Apr 1997 11:04:56 +0200 (MET DST)
From: Lieselotte Pust <pust at ruf.uni-freiburg.de>
To: lagb at essex.ac.uk
Subject: Virus Warning

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Forwarded message:
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Date: Tue, 29 Apr 1997 10:04:01 +0200
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Please read and be fore-warned
------------------------------
Anyone who receives this must sent it to as many people as you can.
It is essential that this problem be reconciled as soon as possible.
A few hours ago, I opened an E-mail that had the subject heading of
"AOL4FREE.COM". Within seconds of opening it, a window appeared and
began to display my files that were being deleted. I immediately shut
down my computer, but it was too late. This virus wiped me out. It ate
the Anti-Virus Software that comes with the Windows '95 Program along
with F-Prot AVS. Neither was able to detect it. Please be careful and
send this to as many people as possible, so maybe this new virus can
be eliminated.

               DON'T OPEN E-MAIL NOTING "AOL4FREE"


--
Lieselotte Pust
Englisches Seminar I
Albert-Ludwigs-Universitaet
D- 79 085 Freiburg i. Br.
Germany

Tel. [+49](0)761/203-3321


From jaske at ABACUS.BATES.EDU  Thu May  1 01:37:13 1997
From: jaske at ABACUS.BATES.EDU (Jon Aske)
Date: Wed, 30 Apr 1997 21:37:13 -0400
Subject: Virus Warning (fwd)
Message-ID: <WED.30.APR.1997.213713.0400.JASKE@ABACUS.BATES.EDU>

This virus warning is for real.  Note however that some versions of it are
yet another virus hoax.  For more information, follow this link to
Symantec's Antivirus Research Center's web page.

http://www.symantec.com/avcenter/index.html

----------------------------------------
Jon Aske
jaske at abacus.bates.edu
http://www.bates.edu/~jaske/


From jaske at ABACUS.BATES.EDU  Thu May  1 01:49:38 1997
From: jaske at ABACUS.BATES.EDU (Jon Aske)
Date: Wed, 30 Apr 1997 21:49:38 -0400
Subject: Virus Warning (fwd)
Message-ID: <WED.30.APR.1997.214938.0400.JASKE@ABACUS.BATES.EDU>

My earlier response to Enrique's message wasn't clear enough.  The message
that Enrique got from Germany was actually indeed the hoax.  No email
message could ever delete files from your hard disk.

But there is actually an AOL4FREE.COM DOS program that does just that, if
you download it into your hard disk and then execute it.

In addition, there is a Mac program by the same name that illegally allows
you to use America on Line for free.

All this is very clearly explained in this web page from the US Department
of Energy:

http://ciac.llnl.gov/ciac/CIACHoaxes.html#aol4free

----------------------------------------
Jon Aske
jaske at abacus.bates.edu
http://www.bates.edu/~jaske/


From jrubba at POLYMAIL.CPUNIX.CALPOLY.EDU  Thu May  1 01:58:38 1997
From: jrubba at POLYMAIL.CPUNIX.CALPOLY.EDU (Johanna Rubba)
Date: Wed, 30 Apr 1997 18:58:38 -0700
Subject: Virus Warning (fwd)
In-Reply-To: <01BC55AE.ACD14E80@jaske@abacus.bates.edu>
Message-ID: <WED.30.APR.1997.185838.0700.JRUBBA@POLYMAIL.CPUNIX.CALPOLY.EDU>

On Wed, 30 Apr 1997, Jon Aske wrote:

> This virus warning is for real.  Note however that some versions of it are
> yet another virus hoax.  For more information, follow this link to
> Symantec's Antivirus Research Center's web page.
>
> http://www.symantec.com/avcenter/index.html
>
> ----------------------------------------
> Jon Aske
> jaske at abacus.bates.edu
> http://www.bates.edu/~jaske/
>

This warning circulated in our department already. One of our profs sent
a note around reminding us that viruses can't get into your system when
you read an e-mail message; only when you DOWNLOAD software. This is what
I have consistently heard about viruses. Has anything changed to make
this invalid?


~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Johanna Rubba   Assistant Professor, Linguistics              ~
English Department, California Polytechnic State University   ~
San Luis Obispo, CA 93407                                     ~
Tel. (805)-756-2184  E-mail: jrubba at oboe.aix.calpoly.edu      ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~


From jaske at ABACUS.BATES.EDU  Thu May  1 02:13:29 1997
From: jaske at ABACUS.BATES.EDU (Jon Aske)
Date: Wed, 30 Apr 1997 22:13:29 -0400
Subject: Virus Warning (fwd)
Message-ID: <WED.30.APR.1997.221329.0400.JASKE@ABACUS.BATES.EDU>

> This warning circulated in our department already. One of our profs sent
> a note around reminding us that viruses can't get into your system when
> you read an e-mail message; only when you DOWNLOAD software. This is what
> I have consistently heard about viruses. Has anything changed to make
> this invalid?

As I mentioned in my second posting, you're quite right.  And we're dealing
with two different things here: (1) A virus hoax, and (2) a trojan horse
program, which you yourself must execute to do the damage (a true virus
does the damage all by itself).

After following all the links I mentioned earlier, however, I found that
you could indeed receive the trojan horse as an attachment to a mail
message, and if you double-clicked on it you could be executing it and thus
unintentionally deleting the files in your root directory.  (Note that if
you have an undelete program you can still get them back.)

Here is the relevant information (from
http://ciac.llnl.gov/ciac/bulletins/h-47a.shtml):
...
1.  The AOL4FREE.COM program is a Trojan Horse, not a virus. It does not
    spread on its own.
2.  A Trojan Horse must be run to do any damage.
3.  Reading an e-mail message with the Trojan Horse program as an
attachment
    will not run the Trojan Horse and will not do any damage. ***Note that
    opening an attached program from within an e-mail reader runs that
    attached program, which may make it appear that reading the attachment
    caused the damage***. Users should keep in mind that any file with a
.COM or
    .EXE extension is a program, not a document and that double clicking or
    opening that program will run it. Macintosh users have the additional
    problem that Macintosh programs do not have readable extensions, and so
    are more difficult to detect. Extra care should be taken to insure
    that you do not unintentionally execute an attached program.

Sorry about flooding you all with these messages, but I thought this was
important.

Jon
----------------------------------------
Jon Aske
jaske at abacus.bates.edu
http://www.bates.edu/~jaske/


From ellen at CENTRAL.CIS.UPENN.EDU  Thu May  1 03:26:22 1997
From: ellen at CENTRAL.CIS.UPENN.EDU (Ellen F. Prince)
Date: Wed, 30 Apr 1997 23:26:22 EDT
Subject: Virus Warning (fwd)
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 30 Apr 1997 22:13:29 EDT."
 <01BC55B3.DAE9E5C0@jaske@abacus.bates.edu>
Message-ID: <WED.30.APR.1997.232622.EDT.ELLEN@CENTRAL.CIS.UPENN.EDU>

jon aske wrote:
>Users should keep in mind that any file with a
>.COM or
>    .EXE extension is a program, not a document and that double clicking or
>    opening that program will run it. Macintosh users have the additional
>    problem that Macintosh programs do not have readable extensions, and so
>    are more difficult to detect. Extra care should be taken to insure
>    that you do not unintentionally execute an attached program.

any mac user that suddenly finds a new file and is unsure of its status
can/should check 'get info' to see what kind of beast it is. (just in
case any mac user doesn't know how to do this, click on the filename/icon
ONCE (and only once) so that it's highlighted, then pull down the 'file'
menu and click 'get info'.)

btw, am i the only one amused by a trojan horse posing as a way to use
aol for free? and here i thought the sanitation depts of america had to
hire extra people just to cart off and dispose of all the freebie aol
diskettes and cds that people are throwing out... ;)



From hartmut at EMMA.RUC.DK  Thu May  1 07:36:01 1997
From: hartmut at EMMA.RUC.DK (Hartmut Haberland)
Date: Thu, 1 May 1997 09:36:01 +0200
Subject: Virus Warning (fwd)
Message-ID: <THU.1.MAY.1997.093601.0200.>

Anti-virus warning warning

The warning is a hoax. What is decribed in the letter is technically
totally impossible and it is just a practical joke by some people who think
they are smart and everybody else gullible, and who probably are chuckling
now over those who "sent it to as many people as you can".

Virusses travel in programs, not in text files.

Relax and take care,
Hartmut Haberland


| ---------- Forwarded message ----------
| Date: Wed, 30 Apr 1997 11:04:56 +0200 (MET DST)
| From: Lieselotte Pust <pust at ruf.uni-freiburg.de>
| To: lagb at essex.ac.uk
| Subject: Virus Warning
|
| Please read and be fore-warned
| ------------------------------
| Anyone who receives this must sent it to as many people as you can.
| It is essential that this problem be reconciled as soon as possible.
| A few hours ago, I opened an E-mail that had the subject heading of
| "AOL4FREE.COM". Within seconds of opening it, a window appeared and
| began to display my files that were being deleted. I immediately shut
| down my computer, but it was too late. This virus wiped me out. It ate
| the Anti-Virus Software that comes with the Windows '95 Program along
| with F-Prot AVS. Neither was able to detect it. Please be careful and
| send this to as many people as possible, so maybe this new virus can
| be eliminated.
|
|                DON'T OPEN E-MAIL NOTING "AOL4FREE"
|
|
| --
| Lieselotte Pust
| Englisches Seminar I
| Albert-Ludwigs-Universitaet
| D- 79 085 Freiburg i. Br.
| Germany
|
| Tel. [+49](0)761/203-3321
|


From cleirig at SPEECH.USYD.EDU.AU  Thu May  1 21:52:56 1997
From: cleirig at SPEECH.USYD.EDU.AU (Chris Cleirigh)
Date: Fri, 2 May 1997 07:52:56 +1000
Subject: faults of functionalism
Message-ID: <FRI.2.MAY.1997.075256.1000.CLEIRIG@SPEECH.USYD.EDU.AU>

Esa Itkonen wrote:

>The emphasis on biology (e.g. in recent messages) is misplaced. If
>e.g. in the study of grammaticalization one uses such terms as
>'problem-solving' or 'abductive inference', and if one means what
>one says (which may not always be the case, as we have learned),
>then it is clear that these terms/concepts have been developed in
>disciplines other than biology, and it is these disciplines, not
>biology, that should be consulted. (That is, biology is OK in the
>right place, but not in the wrong place.)

Reply:

Perhaps, rather than a summary dismissal of the appropriateness of biology to
linguistic issues, it would be useful to try to determine when it is
appropriate and when it is not.  Presumably, few (if anyone) would claim that
biological concepts are sufficient to model language, but this is quite
distinct from desiring biologically plausible linguistic models.

One way that biology can be helpful is in the testing and fine-tuning of
linguistic models that make biological claims.  Testing the biological
implications of an assertion such as that syntax is innate ("in-born" after
all) provides the opportunity to be explicit about what is meant by syntax and
in what sense it is claimed to be innate.


Esa Itkonen wrote:

>It is customary to ridicule the idea that there might be a
>clear distinction between study of human nature and study of
>inanimate nature. But this customary way of thinking should itself
>be ridiculed. There are absolutely no inferences made by inanimate
>things qua research objects but there are inferences made by human
>beings qua research objects (again, provided one is using the terms
>in their literal sense). Of course at a higher level of abstraction
>similarities between physics and linguistics get more pronounced,
>but this is a different matter.

Reply:

If it really is true that "it is customary to ridicule the idea that there
might be a clear distinction between study of human nature and study of
inanimate nature", then maybe a more constructive response would be, not
counter ridicule, but to give equal weight to similarities and differences
between humans and other species, on the one hand, and between life and nonlife
on the other.


Esa Itkonen wrote:

>Language cannot be adequately understood without the notion of
>normativity (= correct vs. incorrect or grammatical vs ungrammatical),
>and this is a necessarily social notion; but normativity is nearly
>ignored. This means in fact that functionalists (and cognitivists)
>are only too eager to commit the psychologistic fallacy
>(= reducing 'ought' to 'is', or ignoring 'ought' entirely).

Reply:

Then again, it might be argued that to claim that "Language cannot be
adequately understood without the notion of normativity (= correct vs.
incorrect or grammatical vs ungrammatical)" looks a little like Philosopher's
Syndrome: mistaking a failure of imagination for an insight into necessity.

Chris


From M.Durie at LINGUISTICS.UNIMELB.EDU.AU  Thu May  1 20:58:38 1997
From: M.Durie at LINGUISTICS.UNIMELB.EDU.AU (Mark Durie)
Date: Fri, 2 May 1997 07:58:38 +1100
Subject: faults of functionalism
In-Reply-To: <Pine.PCW.3.91.970430115948.4759A-100000@du-38.slip.utu.fi>
Message-ID: <FRI.2.MAY.1997.075838.1100.M.DURIE@LINGUISTICS.UNIMELB.EDU.AU>

Apropos of Esa's posting, many would say that 'problem solving' was
precisely one of the major concerns of evolutionary biology.  The issue may
be described as one of 'unintentional' yet 'designed'.  (This is of course
a controversial suggestion.)  Dennett's recent book "Darwin's Dangerous
Idea" discusses this in considerable detail.

M. Durie

------------------------------------
From:  Mark Durie
       Department of Linguistics and Applied Linguistics
       University of Melbourne
       Parkville 3052

       Hm  (03) 9380-5247
       Wk  (03) 9344-5191
       Fax (03) 9349-4326

M.Durie at linguistics.unimelb.edu.au
http://www.arts.unimelb.edu.au/Dept/LALX/staff/durie.html


From iclc97 at LET.VU.NL  Sat May  3 12:18:56 1997
From: iclc97 at LET.VU.NL (ICLC'97 Local Organizers)
Date: Sat, 3 May 1997 14:18:56 +0200
Subject: 5th Int'l Cognitive Linguistics Conference
Message-ID: <SAT.3.MAY.1997.141856.0200.ICLC97@LET.VU.NL>

**************************************************************************

           5th INTERNATIONAL COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS CONFERENCE
            Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, July 14 - 19, 1997

**************************************************************************

Our Web site has recently been updated to include the abstracts of all
plenary lectures and theme sessions, as well as a list of all paper and
poster presentations (including schedule information). Visit our site at:

              http://www.vu.nl/ICLC97/index.htm

Registration forms and short program information are also available in
ASCII format from iclc at let.vu.nl .


IMPORTANT DATES
 10 May 1997  Early Registration Deadline (payments must definitely be
              received before 20 May to qualify for the lower 'early' fee)
 mid May '97  Abstract volume, program information, etc.  will be sent
              to all registered participants
 1 June 1997  Deadline for abstracts for a small special Student Session
              (contact Maaike Belien & Ronny Boogaart at boogaart at let.vu.nl)


The conference features the following PLENARY LECTURES:

 George Lakoff (UC Berkeley)
           The Centrality of Explanatory Grounding
           Among Cognitive Linguistic Methodologies
 Len Talmy (SUNY Buffalo)
           Relating Language to Other Cognitive Systems
 Peter Harder (University of Copenhagen)
           Ontology and Methodology: Some Questions about Function,
           Experiential Grounding and _Langue_ in Cognitive Linguistics
 Dirk Geeraerts (University of Leuven)
           Idealistic Tendencies in Cognitive Linguistics
 William Croft (Manchester University)
           The Contribution of Typology to Cognitive Linguistics
 Eve Sweetser (UC Berkeley)
           Mental Spaces and Cognitive Linguistics:
           A Cognitively Realistic Approach to Compositionality
 Ron Langacker (UC San Diego)
           Unity in Diversity: The Coherence of Cognitive Linguistics
 Melissa Bowerman (MPI Nijmegen)
           Form-Meaning Mapping in First-Language Acquisition
 Gilles Fauconnier (UC San Diego)
           Methods and Generalizations


The final highlight of the conference will be a
FEATURED PLENARY TALK on Saturday, 19 July:

 Douglas Hofstadter (Indiana University)
           I'm a guy; you're a guy; he's a guy, but is she one?
           We are guys; you guys are guys; she sure would like to be one.


CONFERENCE ORGANIZERS:

   ICLC'97 (Theo Janssen & Gisela Redeker)
   Faculteit der Letteren, Vrije Universiteit
   De Boelelaan 1105
   NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
   fax:   +31-20-4446500
   email: iclc97 at let.vu.nl
   http://www.vu.nl/ICLC97/index.htm

**************************************************************************


From kuzar at RESEARCH.HAIFA.AC.IL  Sun May  4 05:45:05 1997
From: kuzar at RESEARCH.HAIFA.AC.IL (Ron Kuzar)
Date: Sun, 4 May 1997 08:45:05 +0300
Subject: Schadenfreude in other languages
Message-ID: <SUN.4.MAY.1997.084505.0300.KUZAR@RESEARCH.HAIFA.AC.IL>

------- Crossposted COGLING & FUNKNET --------
I have been asked to forward the following question to these two lists:

[...] we focus on semantics and try to see if it says anything about
cultural differences in social values. This is where i would like your
advice: Do you think there is an expression for
pleasure-in-other's-misfortune in English? (like there is Schadenfreude in
German?), Do you know of such an expression in any other language you know?
I couldn't find such an expression in English (there is gloating, and there
is rejoicing in other's calamity, but they are not exactly the same as
Schadenfreude). I am trying to find more languages like English that don't
have it, and languages like Hebrew and German that do have a word for this
emotion.

Thanks
Ron Kuzar
   ---------------------------------------------------------------
  |                 Dr. Ron Kuzar                                 |
  | Office address: Department of English Language and Literature |
  |                 Haifa University                              |
  |                 IL-31905 Haifa, Israel                        |
  | Office fax:     +972-4-824-0128 (attention: Dept. of English) |
  | Home address:   17/6 Harakefet St.                            |
  |                 IL-96505 Jerusalem, Israel                    |
  | Home telephone: +972-2-641-4780 (Local 02-641-4780)           |
  | E-mail:         kuzar at research.haifa.ac.il                    |
   ---------------------------------------------------------------


From clements at INDIANA.EDU  Sun May  4 20:10:45 1997
From: clements at INDIANA.EDU (J. Clancy Clements (Kapil))
Date: Sun, 4 May 1997 15:10:45 -0500
Subject: Schadenfreude in other languages
In-Reply-To: <Pine.A32.3.95.970504083520.15223A-100000@research.haifa.ac.il>
Message-ID: <SUN.4.MAY.1997.151045.0500.CLEMENTS@INDIANA.EDU>

On Sun, 4 May 1997, Ron Kuzar wrote:

> [...] we focus on semantics and try to see if it says anything about
> cultural differences in social values. This is where i would like your
> advice: Do you think there is an expression for
> pleasure-in-other's-misfortune in English? (like there is Schadenfreude in
> German?), Do you know of such an expression in any other language you know?
> I couldn't find such an expression in English (there is gloating, and there
> is rejoicing in other's calamity, but they are not exactly the same as
> Schadenfreude). I am trying to find more languages like English that don't
> have it, and languages like Hebrew and German that do have a word for this
> emotion.

There is another, somewhat related expression


From lfj at COCO.IHI.KU.DK  Mon May  5 07:02:13 1997
From: lfj at COCO.IHI.KU.DK (Lisbeth Falster Jakobsen)
Date: Mon, 5 May 1997 09:02:13 +0200
Subject: Schadenfreude in other languages
In-Reply-To: <Pine.A32.3.95.970504083520.15223A-100000@research.haifa.ac.il>
Message-ID: <MON.5.MAY.1997.090213.0200.LFJ@COCO.IHI.KU.DK>

In Danish it will be 'skadefryd', in Dutch 'leedvermaak',
        Yours Lisbeth Falster Jakobsen

On Sun, 4 May 1997, Ron Kuzar wrote:

> ------- Crossposted COGLING & FUNKNET --------
> I have been asked to forward the following question to these two lists:
>
> [...] we focus on semantics and try to see if it says anything about
> cultural differences in social values. This is where i would like your
> advice: Do you think there is an expression for
> pleasure-in-other's-misfortune in English? (like there is Schadenfreude in
> German?), Do you know of such an expression in any other language you know?
> I couldn't find such an expression in English (there is gloating, and there
> is rejoicing in other's calamity, but they are not exactly the same as
> Schadenfreude). I am trying to find more languages like English that don't
> have it, and languages like Hebrew and German that do have a word for this
> emotion.
>
> Thanks
> Ron Kuzar
>    ---------------------------------------------------------------
>   |                 Dr. Ron Kuzar                                 |
>   | Office address: Department of English Language and Literature |
>   |                 Haifa University                              |
>   |                 IL-31905 Haifa, Israel                        |
>   | Office fax:     +972-4-824-0128 (attention: Dept. of English) |
>   | Home address:   17/6 Harakefet St.                            |
>   |                 IL-96505 Jerusalem, Israel                    |
>   | Home telephone: +972-2-641-4780 (Local 02-641-4780)           |
>   | E-mail:         kuzar at research.haifa.ac.il                    |
>    ---------------------------------------------------------------
>


From Dik.Bakker at LET.UVA.NL  Mon May  5 11:47:23 1997
From: Dik.Bakker at LET.UVA.NL (Dik Bakker)
Date: Mon, 5 May 1997 13:47:23 +0200
Subject: Schadenfreude in other languages
In-Reply-To: <Pine.A32.3.95.970504083520.15223A-100000@research.haifa.ac.il>
Message-ID: <MON.5.MAY.1997.134723.0200.DIK.BAKKER@LET.UVA.NL>

Hi Ron,
The Dutch word for 'Schadenfreude' is 'leedvermaak'
(sorrow-pleasure). Note, however, that, like the
German word, it is a compound, not a single morpheme.

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Dik Bakker
Department of General Linguistics
University of Amsterdam
Spuistraat 210
NL-1012 VT  Amsterdam
The Netherlands
tel     +31.20.5253857
fax     +31.20.5253021
email   dik.bakker at let.uva.nl
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

On Sun, 4 May 1997, Ron Kuzar wrote:

> ------- Crossposted COGLING & FUNKNET --------
> I have been asked to forward the following question to these two lists:
>
> [...] we focus on semantics and try to see if it says anything about
> cultural differences in social values. This is where i would like your
> advice: Do you think there is an expression for
> pleasure-in-other's-misfortune in English? (like there is Schadenfreude in
> German?), Do you know of such an expression in any other language you know?
> I couldn't find such an expression in English (there is gloating, and there
> is rejoicing in other's calamity, but they are not exactly the same as
> Schadenfreude). I am trying to find more languages like English that don't
> have it, and languages like Hebrew and German that do have a word for this
> emotion.
>
> Thanks
> Ron Kuzar
>    ---------------------------------------------------------------
>   |                 Dr. Ron Kuzar                                 |
>   | Office address: Department of English Language and Literature |
>   |                 Haifa University                              |
>   |                 IL-31905 Haifa, Israel                        |
>   | Office fax:     +972-4-824-0128 (attention: Dept. of English) |
>   | Home address:   17/6 Harakefet St.                            |
>   |                 IL-96505 Jerusalem, Israel                    |
>   | Home telephone: +972-2-641-4780 (Local 02-641-4780)           |
>   | E-mail:         kuzar at research.haifa.ac.il                    |
>    ---------------------------------------------------------------
>


From ocls at IPA.NET  Mon May  5 13:26:59 1997
From: ocls at IPA.NET (George Elgin, Suzette Haden Elgin)
Date: Mon, 5 May 1997 08:26:59 -0500
Subject: schadenfraude in other languages
Message-ID: <MON.5.MAY.1997.082659.0500.OCLS@IPA.NET>

Ron, although English lacks the single lexical item, it seems to me that
the adjective "bittersweet" (as in "bittersweet pleasure") comes very close
to what you're looking for.

Suzette Haden Elgin
ocls at ipa.net


From kilroe at CSD.UWM.EDU  Mon May  5 13:34:24 1997
From: kilroe at CSD.UWM.EDU (patricia kilroe)
Date: Mon, 5 May 1997 08:34:24 -0500
Subject: Schadenfreude in English
Message-ID: <MON.5.MAY.1997.083424.0500.KILROE@CSD.UWM.EDU>

"Perverse pleasure" (as in he took perverse pleasure in his wife's suffering)
seems to me to come fairly close in English.


From kefalova at CLSH.U-NANCY.FR  Mon May  5 14:27:52 1997
From: kefalova at CLSH.U-NANCY.FR (Ludmila KEFALOVA)
Date: Mon, 5 May 1997 15:27:52 +0100
Subject: Schadenfreude in English
Message-ID: <MON.5.MAY.1997.152752.0100.KEFALOVA@CLSH.UNANCY.FR>

In Bulgarian ZLORADSTVO (noun), nominalization from ZLORAD (adj),
litterally "with bad joy", compound from ZLO 'bad' (adjective or adverb) +
RADvam se 'to enjoy' (reflexive verb).

Both  noun and adjective refer exacly to "pleasure-with-other's-misfortune".

Ludmila KEFALOVA
  CNRS-URA 1035 LanDisCo
  Université Nancy 2
e-mail : kefalova at clsh.u-nancy.fr


From clements at INDIANA.EDU  Mon May  5 15:32:56 1997
From: clements at INDIANA.EDU (J. Clancy Clements (Kapil))
Date: Mon, 5 May 1997 10:32:56 -0500
Subject: Schadenfreude in English
In-Reply-To: <199705051334.IAA20511@alpha3.csd.uwm.edu>
Message-ID: <MON.5.MAY.1997.103256.0500.CLEMENTS@INDIANA.EDU>

On Mon, 5 May 1997, patricia kilroe wrote:

> "Perverse pleasure" (as in he took perverse pleasure in his wife's suffering)
> seems to me to come fairly close in English.

The only difference between "perverse pleasure" is that it is not as
constrained as to the contexts it can refer to.  "Schadenfreude" is more
constrained in that regard.

Clancy Clements


From hartmut at EMMA.RUC.DK  Mon May  5 19:25:40 1997
From: hartmut at EMMA.RUC.DK (Hartmut Haberland)
Date: Mon, 5 May 1997 21:25:40 +0200
Subject: Schadenfreude in English
Message-ID: <MON.5.MAY.1997.212540.0200.>

I think we should first make clear what Schadenfreude means in German. It is
_not_ "perverse pleasure". The pleasure is not about the other's misfortune
as such, but lies in some sense of satisfaction one get's out of it; it always
implies some "I've told you so" or "You wouldn't listen" or "This serves
you right".

Hartmut Haberland


From kk50 at CORNELL.EDU  Mon May  5 19:25:29 1997
From: kk50 at CORNELL.EDU (kk50 at CORNELL.EDU)
Date: Mon, 5 May 1997 15:25:29 -0400
Subject: Schadenfreude in other languages
In-Reply-To: <Pine.A32.3.95.970504083520.15223A-100000@research.haifa.ac.il>
Message-ID: <MON.5.MAY.1997.152529.0400.>

Swedish: skadegla:dje (: = umlaut)
Czech: s^kodolibost (^ = hac^ek)

Both, I would guess, calques from German.
All the best,
 K. Krivinkova


From jrubba at POLYMAIL.CPUNIX.CALPOLY.EDU  Mon May  5 21:01:44 1997
From: jrubba at POLYMAIL.CPUNIX.CALPOLY.EDU (Johanna Rubba)
Date: Mon, 5 May 1997 14:01:44 -0700
Subject: Schadenfreude
Message-ID: <MON.5.MAY.1997.140144.0700.JRUBBA@POLYMAIL.CPUNIX.CALPOLY.EDU>

No one has mentioned the close English equivalent of 'sadism'. Though the
technical sense of the term may not be a perfect match, the word is often
used informally (esp. its adj. form 'sadistic') when people are clearly
enjoying someone else's troubles, including occasions when those troubles
are perceived as deserved in some way. This was the word I usually
reached for as a sensible translation in the times that I had a lot to do
with German (using it daily for about six years of my life, two of them
in Germany). It's a somewhat jocular application of the term 'sadistic',
but I think it's fairly common. Maybe other NSs of English can chime in
and (dis)confirm.

I disagree with Suzette Haden-Elgin's translation of 'bittersweet'. From
my fluent foreign-speaker intuitions, this word is not even close to the
German 'Schadenfreude'. You feel bittersweet when _your own_ pleasure is
mixed with pain. That's what I've always understood, anyway.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Johanna Rubba   Assistant Professor, Linguistics              ~
English Department, California Polytechnic State University   ~
San Luis Obispo, CA 93407                                     ~
Tel. (805)-756-2184  E-mail: jrubba at oboe.aix.calpoly.edu      ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~


From hartmut at EMMA.RUC.DK  Mon May  5 23:37:42 1997
From: hartmut at EMMA.RUC.DK (Hartmut Haberland)
Date: Tue, 6 May 1997 01:37:42 +0200
Subject: Schadenfreude in English (fwd)
Message-ID: <TUE.6.MAY.1997.013742.0200.>

> The pleasure is not about the other's misfortune
> as such, but lies in some sense of satisfaction one get's out of it; it always
> implies some "I've told you so" or "You wouldn't listen" or "This serves
> you right".

So if I'm driving down the highway (or in a school speed zone) and
someone blows past me and I say "Cop bait!" (or "Kids jaywalk here!")
 and then a little bit on  I see them pulled over and getting a ticket, that glee
 is Schadenfreude?

(You can forward my example on to the list if you think it would
advance the discussion any.)

Note: in South Carolina you can get a drivers license at 15 without
taking any drivers education. I learned to drive elsewhere. I didn't
used to yell at other cars.

Marie Egan
egan at black.cla.sc.edu



...... exactly, that's Schadenfreude, I'd say.
Hartmut Haberland


From ocls at IPA.NET  Tue May  6 01:08:34 1997
From: ocls at IPA.NET (George Elgin, Suzette Haden Elgin)
Date: Mon, 5 May 1997 20:08:34 -0500
Subject: schadenfreude
Message-ID: <MON.5.MAY.1997.200834.0500.OCLS@IPA.NET>

You're quite right -- my problem is my shamefully weak German. If I now
understand the word better, it would be possible for a sadistic colleague
who had brains enough *not* to make suggestions from so weak a knowledge
base to feel schadenfreude about my situation. I have it right now, I hope?


I'm going to keep thinking, though, now that you've straightened me out,
because something in the back corners of my mental attics keeps insisting
that English does have an equivalent...

Suzette


From kk50 at CORNELL.EDU  Tue May  6 02:14:49 1997
From: kk50 at CORNELL.EDU (kk50 at CORNELL.EDU)
Date: Mon, 5 May 1997 22:14:49 -0400
Subject: That uncharitable expression...
In-Reply-To: <970505194252_515664.456256_IHB70-34@CompuServe.COM>
Message-ID: <MON.5.MAY.1997.221449.0400.>

 Swedish: skadegla:dje (: = umlaut)
 Czech: s^kodolibost (^ = hac^ek)

 Both, I would guess, calques from German, and both mean roughly the same
 as Schadenfreude.

 K. Krivinkova


From griffith at KULA.USP.AC.FJ  Tue May  6 02:41:39 1997
From: griffith at KULA.USP.AC.FJ (Patrick Griffiths)
Date: Tue, 6 May 1997 14:41:39 +1200
Subject: schadenfreude
In-Reply-To: <v02140b02af9433c2d0b4@[207.2.197.16]>
Message-ID: <TUE.6.MAY.1997.144139.1200.GRIFFITH@KULA.USP.AC.FJ>

Not translation equivalents, but related are:

        [pleasure in others getting]
                their comeuppance
                just desserts

and maybe also
        [pleasure in others receiving]
                condign punishment

Best wishes

Patrick

=======================================================================
Dr Patrick Griffiths
Senior Lecturer in Linguistics
Department of Literature & Language
University of the South Pacific
P O Box 1168
Suva
Fiji

Telephone:  (+679) 212314
Fax:        (+679) 305053 (must bear my name to be sure of reaching me)
_______________________________________________________________________

The University of the South Pacific  is the university of twelve island
countries:  Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, Niue,
Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Western Samoa.    The
main campus is located in Suva,  the capital of Fiji (on Vitilevu,  the
largest of Fiji's 300+ islands),  but there are regional centres in all
but one of the countries served.   There are on-campus students as well
as large numbers enrolled for distance learning.


From rjacobs at HAWAII.EDU  Tue May  6 03:03:23 1997
From: rjacobs at HAWAII.EDU (Roderick A. Jacobs)
Date: Mon, 5 May 1997 17:03:23 -1000
Subject: schadenfreude
Message-ID: <MON.5.MAY.1997.170323.1000.RJACOBS@HAWAII.EDU>

Interesting discussion! Suzette's comments made me wonder if languages had
a special word for "pain at other people's joy", sort of a freudenschad(e).
For instance, our college of arts and sciences faces a huge budgetary slash
because of the state's fiscal crisis. But I read this morning of
celebration in the athletic department because they have just been
allocated another $6.5 million dollars to add additional locker rooms and
weight rooms to the almost brand-new arena. So what's the word for my
feelings about their joy?

Ricky

Roderick A. Jacobs
Professor of Linguistics & ESL                          Tel: 808/956-2800
Chair, Dept. of English as a Second Language            Fax: 808/956-2802
University of Hawai'i at Manoa
1890 East-West Road                                   PhD program in Second
Honolulu, HI 96822, USA                               Language Acquisition
http://www.lll.hawaii.edu/esl/jacobs/


From edwards at COGSCI.BERKELEY.EDU  Tue May  6 03:53:35 1997
From: edwards at COGSCI.BERKELEY.EDU (Jane A. Edwards)
Date: Mon, 5 May 1997 20:53:35 -0700
Subject: pain at other people's joy?
Message-ID: <MON.5.MAY.1997.205335.0700.EDWARDS@COGSCI.BERKELEY.EDU>

Hmm.. "envy"'s a little like that, seems to me.

-Jane Edwards


From hartmut at EMMA.RUC.DK  Tue May  6 07:30:50 1997
From: hartmut at EMMA.RUC.DK (Hartmut Haberland)
Date: Tue, 6 May 1997 09:30:50 +0200
Subject: schadenfreude
In-Reply-To: <v02140b02af9433c2d0b4@[207.2.197.16]> from "George Elgin,
 Suzette Haden Elgin" at May 5, 97 08:08:34 pm
Message-ID: <TUE.6.MAY.1997.093050.0200.>

Dear Suzette and Funknetters,

yes and no. Yes, because your perception of the situation is quite right.
No, because you didn't really deserve it - I mean, it all depends on how
sadistic your colleague is, some people would feel schadenfreude at peoples'
sticking their necks out a bit to far and getting remarks for that, but some
people (including me) would feel that the offence is just not big enough to
warrant the feeling. Schadenfreude implies a lot of satisfaction, maybe
that's the definition we are looking for: 'joy that comes from satisfaction
over others's misfortune'.

Hartmut


From klaunone at CC.HELSINKI.FI  Tue May  6 12:34:47 1997
From: klaunone at CC.HELSINKI.FI (Kaisa M Launonen)
Date: Tue, 6 May 1997 15:34:47 +0300
Subject: Schadenfreude in other languages
In-Reply-To: <Pine.A32.3.95.970504083520.15223A-100000@research.haifa.ac.il>
Message-ID: <TUE.6.MAY.1997.153447.0300.KLAUNONE@CC.HELSINKI.FI>

In Finnish: vahingonilo -> 'vahingon' = genetive form of 'vahinko' =
accident, mistake; 'ilo' = pleasure, happiness, joy.

Kaisa Launonen


From ocls at IPA.NET  Tue May  6 13:52:20 1997
From: ocls at IPA.NET (George Elgin, Suzette Haden Elgin)
Date: Tue, 6 May 1997 08:52:20 -0500
Subject: schadenfraude
Message-ID: <TUE.6.MAY.1997.085220.0500.OCLS@IPA.NET>

Thanks to Deborah, who sent me two example of "shadenfraude" with
*contexts*, I think perhaps I now understand the word. On the other hand,
I've discovered that the problem is not just my weak German, but also my
incomplete inventory of emotional responses (or some such thing -- anybody
have a word for that?) I guess my difficulty is with the "joy" component in
the definitions.  Deborah suggested ( I'm summarizing) that if someone were
walking with you and doing a rant about how stupid people are who enjoy
slapstick and who think slipping on banana peels is funny, etc., and then
that person, perhaps at the peak of his or her intolerant elitist
carrying-on, were to slip on a banana peel, you might feel schadenfraude. I
can well imagine that in such a context I would feel something like this:
"Given the way you were tempting fate, I am not surprised that you got
smacked a tad by Providence, and it may be a good thing you did -- might
could be, you'll learn from it." No word for that in English, either, you
perceive -- but I'm certain that the word for it isn't schadenfraude. It's
awkward for me to say that I don't feel able to take joy in someone else's
misfortune, even if well-deserved -- it makes me sound like some sort of
stiff-necked fanatic. Nevertheless, the truth is that I can't imagine it.

The longer this discussion -- a very useful discussion -- goes on, the less
confidence I have in the concept of a Universal Translator.

Suzette

PS: Am I the only person who is getting two copies of every Funknet
message? Is it a penalty for overtalkativeness, maybe?


From hartmut at EMMA.RUC.DK  Tue May  6 14:12:19 1997
From: hartmut at EMMA.RUC.DK (Hartmut Haberland)
Date: Tue, 6 May 1997 16:12:19 +0200
Subject: schadenfreude
In-Reply-To: <v02140b01af94ddd09f1a@[207.2.197.123]> from "George Elgin,
 Suzette Haden Elgin" at May 6, 97 08:52:20 am
Message-ID: <TUE.6.MAY.1997.161219.0200.>

Deborah's banana peel example is excellent and covers exactly my (after 23
years in Denmark still native, I hope) German intuitions. I talked to a
Danish colleague about this and he said that Danish skadefryd certainly
wouldn't cover the feelings expressed by Schadenfreude in this context.
Hartmut


From edith at CSD.UWM.EDU  Tue May  6 14:52:20 1997
From: edith at CSD.UWM.EDU (Edith A Moravcsik)
Date: Tue, 6 May 1997 09:52:20 -0500
Subject: Schadenfreude in Hungarian
Message-ID: <TUE.6.MAY.1997.095220.0500.EDITH@CSD.UWM.EDU>

Here is an another calque from German:

   Hungarian: ka'ro~ro~m

  (diacritics should be on the preceding vowel; ~ is Umlaut)

   Gloss: ka'r     'harm'
          o~ro~m   'pleasure'

Edith
--

   ************************************************************************
                                 Edith A. Moravcsik
                                 Department of Linguistics
                                 University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
                                 Milwaukee, WI 53201-0413
                                 USA

                                 E-mail: edith at csd.uwm.edu
                                 Telephone: (414) 229-6794 /office/
                                            (414) 332-0141 /home/
                                 Fax: (414) 229-6258








From Shinja_Hwang at SIL.ORG  Tue May  6 16:49:00 1997
From: Shinja_Hwang at SIL.ORG (Shinja_Hwang at SIL.ORG)
Date: Tue, 6 May 1997 11:49:00 -0500
Subject: lasso/swjl request
Message-ID: <TUE.6.MAY.1997.114900.0500.>

*****ANNOUNCEMENT AND CALL FOR MANUSCRIPTS*****

The Linguistic Association Of The Southwest (LASSO) announces a change in
the editorship of its journal, the _Southwest Journal of Linguistics_.
Effective with Volume 16 (1997), the journal will be housed at Texas A&M
University-Commerce, where the new editor, Jon Jonz, is Professor of English
and Linguistics.

The _Southwest Journal of Linguistics_ is also renewing its call for
manuscripts.  Each 220-page volume of the _Southwest Journal of Linguistics_
is published in two numbers, one in June and one in December.  The journal
publishes papers across a broad range of topics in linguistics, though
essays and research papers dealing with the languages of the southwestern
United States and northern Mexico are especially encouraged.

The journal also publishes scholarly reviews of the literature, book
reviews, and occasional commentary on topics of concern to the journal's
readership.

_Instructions for Contributors_

Manuscripts are to be prepared according to the advice contained in the
_Language_ style sheet, which is published annually in the December LSA
Bulletin.  In addition, contributors should submit _three_ printed or
photocopied copies of the manuscript.  After a manuscript has been accepted
for publication its author(s) will be asked to provide the revised
manuscript in electronic form either on diskette or via the internet.
Submissions must be accompanied by an abstract in English of between 100 and
150 words.  Manuscripts should be prepared using Word for Windows or another
common word processing program for PC or Mac.  Contributions may be
submitted in either English or Spanish.  Contact the editor for guidance in
using special symbols.

All manuscripts and inquiries should be directed to:

        Jon G. Jonz, Editor
        Southwest Journal of Linguistics
        Dept. of Literature & Languages
        Texas A&M U - Commerce
        Commerce, TX 75429   USA
        E-mail:  jon_jonz at tamu-commerce.edu

Authors need not be LASSO members to submit their work for review, but
authors of papers selected for publication must be LASSO members.  For
membership and subscription information contact the Executive Director:

        Garland D. Bills, Executive Director
        Linguistic Association of the Southwest
        Department of Linguistics
        University of New Mexico
        Albuquerque, New Mexico  87131   USA
        E-mail:  gbills at unm.edu


Forward item:
---------------------------- Forwarded with Changes ---------------------------
From: ditmg at ttacs.ttu.edu at internet
Date: 5/5/97 4:38PM -0700
To: Shinja Hwang at DAL
*cc: jon_jonz at tamu-commerce.edu at internet
Subject: lasso/swjl request
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------


From DOUGLASO at UCRAC1.UCR.EDU  Tue May  6 18:17:21 1997
From: DOUGLASO at UCRAC1.UCR.EDU (Douglas S. Oliver, UCR Anthropology)
Date: Tue, 6 May 1997 11:17:21 -0700
Subject: Schadenfreude in Chinese
Message-ID: <TUE.6.MAY.1997.111721.0700.DOUGLASO@UCRAC1.UCR.EDU>

Mandarin:  xin zai lo huo  (happy at [others'] disaster)
This is a chengyu or (usually) four character saying used as if a single
word in many cases.

Douglas S. Oliver
University of California
Riverside, CA 92521
douglaso at ucrac1.ucr.edu


From kuzar at RESEARCH.HAIFA.AC.IL  Tue May  6 19:00:45 1997
From: kuzar at RESEARCH.HAIFA.AC.IL (Ron Kuzar)
Date: Tue, 6 May 1997 22:00:45 +0300
Subject: Schadenfreude
In-Reply-To: <3778970.3071904321@jubilation.psy.cmu.edu>
Message-ID: <TUE.6.MAY.1997.220045.0300.KUZAR@RESEARCH.HAIFA.AC.IL>

Dear netters,
I have now 53 responses to my friend's query.
Some came as personal messages from netters at COGLING anf FUNKNET,
othrs are from the discussion on FUNKNET.
It would be impossible to thank each person personally, so first of all,
on Yael Wald's and on my behalf I would like to send you an (interim?)
collective thank you.
It seems that - unless I missed s.th - all expressions of this feeling are
in some way analytical. No lg. has a unique single lexeme for it.
It also seems like German is the source for most loan-translations.
I would even suggest that although sameakh le-eyd 'happy to-calamity' in
Hebrew is Biblical (Proverbs), it is a hapax-legomenon, and its idiomatic
usage in Modern Hebrew is due to German-Yiddish.
Brian MacWhinney's suggestion to broaden the discussion is certainly in
line with the original interests of Yael, who is working on a paper for a
conference on this topic, details of which you can find at URL:
research.haifa.ac.il/~benzeev. Its main discipline is psychology.
Ron Kuzar
--------------------------------------------
On Tue, 6 May 1997, Brian MacWhinney wrote:

> Dear FunkNet,
>    The discussion of the absence of a word in English for Schadenfreude and
> its equivalents in many other languages has not yet touched on what I would
> have considered to be a fairly obvious observation.  This is the
> observation that English has no word for this emotion because the emotion
> is not supposed to exist.  One is not supposed to experience delight in the
> misery of others.  In fact, I would say that, although I have occasionally
> been tempted to experience such feelings, I usually convert them quickly
> into something like feeling that others have gotten their "just desserts".
> In other words, some moral agent intervenes in the process and I get
> removed from the experience.  I can definitely see how someone would
> experience Schadenfreude, but I sense a cultural prohibition of this
> emotion in those aspects of American culture with which I am familiar.
>    An interesting ethnographic perspective on issues related to this can be
> found in an article by Signe Howell titled "Rules not words" in P. Heelas &
> A. Lock (Eds.) (1981) Indigenous Psychologies.  New York: Academic Press.
> Howell notes how the Chewong of Malaysia avoid language that denotes the
> expression of inner states except through the actions that accompany them.
>    It seems to me that a fuller understanding (or at least description) of
> links between emotion, language, and culture is a place where functional
> linguistics can make a nice contribution.
>
> --Brian MacWhinney
>


From efiguero at CAPOMO.USON.MX  Tue May  6 19:34:30 1997
From: efiguero at CAPOMO.USON.MX (Enrique Figueroa E.)
Date: Tue, 6 May 1997 13:34:30 -0600
Subject: Schadenfreude in other languages
In-Reply-To: <Pine.SOL.3.96.970506153126.11510H-100000@kruuna.Helsinki.FI>
Message-ID: <TUE.6.MAY.1997.133430.0600.EFIGUERO@CAPOMO.USON.MX>

Interesting how different languages (most probably, I guess, copying one
language, probably German, which is the case for Slavic languages) add or
take away nuances.
In Spanish the noun of the corresponding phrase could be any one of
these (and perhaps some others too):
*infortunio, desgracia, mal, sufrimiento, desdicha*
All of these would be accompanied by the adjective *ajeno*
As for the verb, it could be any of the following (and probably some
others as well):
*gozar, complacerse, disfrutar, alegrarse* (always with one the these
prepositions: *de*/*con*).
Example: *gozar de la desgracia ajena*
ME


From efiguero at CAPOMO.USON.MX  Tue May  6 19:51:44 1997
From: efiguero at CAPOMO.USON.MX (Enrique Figueroa E.)
Date: Tue, 6 May 1997 13:51:44 -0600
Subject: schadenfraude
In-Reply-To: <v02140b01af94ddd09f1a@[207.2.197.123]>
Message-ID: <TUE.6.MAY.1997.135144.0600.EFIGUERO@CAPOMO.USON.MX>

One point I'd very much like to see straightened here: does or does not
SCHADENFRA�UDE necessarily imply or carry with itself the "righteousness"
some of the commentators have introduced?
I think not. Whether you think the person deserved it or not, however
usual the case may be, I dare say it is irrelevant to the meaning of the
word. It could as well refer to a very mean person.
ME


From edwards at COGSCI.BERKELEY.EDU  Tue May  6 19:59:03 1997
From: edwards at COGSCI.BERKELEY.EDU (Jane A. Edwards)
Date: Tue, 6 May 1997 12:59:03 -0700
Subject: functionalist hypothesis?
Message-ID: <TUE.6.MAY.1997.125903.0700.EDWARDS@COGSCI.BERKELEY.EDU>

I'm skeptical of Brian's hypothesis.

It seems to me that English does have words which describe
other emotions which "should not exist."  Some of the ones which
come to my mind are:
- vindictiveness
- vengefulness
- greed
- perversity

Language speaks of things it is useful to speak of.
The world might be a nicer place if such things didn't exist
but we should be cautious in assuming that therefore the language
will not speak of them.  It is useful to be warned of people who
are not nice.  Why wouldn't a language have words to express that?

-Jane Edwards


From bralich at HAWAII.EDU  Tue May  6 21:21:37 1997
From: bralich at HAWAII.EDU (Philip A. Bralich, Ph.D.)
Date: Tue, 6 May 1997 11:21:37 -1000
Subject: functionalist hypothesis?
Message-ID: <TUE.6.MAY.1997.112137.1000.BRALICH@HAWAII.EDU>

At 09:59 AM 5/6/97 -1000, Jane A. Edwards wrote:
>I'm skeptical of Brian's hypothesis.
>
>It seems to me that English does have words which describe
>other emotions which "should not exist."  Some of the ones which
>come to my mind are:
>- vindictiveness
>- vengefulness
>- greed
>- perversity
>
>Language speaks of things it is useful to speak of.
>The world might be a nicer place if such things didn't exist
>but we should be cautious in assuming that therefore the language
>will not speak of them.  It is useful to be warned of people who
>are not nice.  Why wouldn't a language have words to express that?


What interests me is the fact that all languages can express the
same concepts, but in some cases they choose to do it in one
word while in others they require a phrase or a sentence.  For
things that are not commonly present in one culture this is natural
enough, but for something like Schadenfreude, which is present in
every culture, why do some handle it in one word and others in a phrase.
Perhaps it is a kind of denial.

And as far as being warned of people who are not nice... yes, it would
be handy to know who is willing to respect me as a person and who is not.

Phil Bralich


Philip A. Bralich, Ph.D.
President and CEO
Ergo Linguistic Technologies
2800 Woodlawn Drive, Suite 175
Honolulu, HI 96822

Tel: (808)539-3920
Fax: (808)5393924


From curl at UCSU.COLORADO.EDU  Tue May  6 21:34:35 1997
From: curl at UCSU.COLORADO.EDU (Curl Traci S)
Date: Tue, 6 May 1997 15:34:35 -0600
Subject: International Symposium on Reflexives and Reciprocals
Message-ID: <TUE.6.MAY.1997.153435.0600.CURL@UCSU.COLORADO.EDU>

The symposium will address the issues of reflexive and reciprocal forms
and function from different theoretical perspectives and in a wide variety
of languages.


PRELIMINARY PROGRAM

International Symposium on Reflexives and Reciprocals
August 29-30, 1997
Boulder, Colorado

Bernd Heine, University of Cologne, Germany -TBA
Mathias Schladt, University of Cologne, Germany - The Typology and
Grammaticalization of Reflexives with Special Reference to Body Parts
Nino Amiridze - Institute of Oriental Studies, Georgian Academy of
Sciences, Tbilisi Georgia - Nostalgia for being a Noun: A Case of Georgian
Reflexives
Suzanne Kemmer - Rice University, Houston, TBA
Elly van Gelderen, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona - When's a
Pronoun an Anaphor?
Ekkehard Koenig, Free University of Berlin - Intensifiers and Reflexives:
A Typological Perspective
Werner Abraham, University of Groningen, Netherlands - On the Intensifier
'Selbst' in German
Ekaterina A. Lyutikova, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow - Reflexives
and Emphasis in Tsakhur (Nakh-Dagestanian)
Sergio Meira, Rice University, Houston, Texas - Reflexives and the
Accidental Active-Stative Systems of Cariban
Donna Gerdts, Simon Fraser University, Urnaby, B.C., Canada - Transitivity
and the Core and Grammaticized Properties of Halkomelem Reflexives and
Reciprocals
Linda Manney - United States International University, San Diego -
Reflexive and Reciprocal Strategies in Modern Greek: Lexical and
Inflectional
Zygmunt Frajzyngier, University of Colorado - Affectedness, control and
anaphora: the reflexive forms and functions
Kirsi Hiltunen, Helsinki, Finland - Reflexive Pronouns in Finnish:
Syntactic and Pragmatic?
Yan Huang, University of Reading, Great Britain - Interpreting
Long-Distance Reflexives: A Neo-Gricean Pragmatic Approach
Eric Reuland, University of Utrecht, Netherlands - Encoding Anaphoric
Relations
Pierre Pica, URA 1720 CNRS, Paris, France - TBA
Filomena Sandalo, MIT - Binding and Polysynthesis in Kadiweu
Gunsoo Lee, St. Louis, MO - Referentiality and Long-distance Binding
Frantisek Lichtenberk, University of Auckland, - Reciprocals without
Reflexives
Elena Maslova, University of St. Petersburg, Russia and University of
Bielefeld, Germany - Reciprocals in Yukaghir Languages
Meichun Liu, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan ROC -
Reciprocal Marking by Verbs 'Come' and 'Go' in Mandarin
Martin Everaert, University of Utrecht - The Syntax (and Semantics) of
Reciprocals
William McGregor - Reflexive and reciprocal constructions in the
Nyulnyulan languages (Dampier Land and Kimberley, Western Australia)

Alternates:
Ricardo Maldonado, Instituto de Investigaciones Filologicas, UNAM, Jurica,
Mexico - Conceptual Distance and Transitivity Increase in Spanish
Reflexives
Jeff Turley, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah - A Prototype Analysis
of Romance Indeterminate Reflexive Construction


Contact research assistant Traci.Curl at colorado.EDU
Dept. of Linguistics
Box 295
Boulder, CO 80309

A block of rooms has been set aside at the College Inn, 1229 Athens,
Boulder CO 80302; phone # 303-444-2676. Mention the symposium when making
reservations.


From klebaum at UCLA.EDU  Tue May  6 23:18:40 1997
From: klebaum at UCLA.EDU (PAMELA PRICE KLEBAUM)
Date: Tue, 6 May 1997 16:18:40 -0700
Subject: niceness (fwd)
Message-ID: <TUE.6.MAY.1997.161840.0700.KLEBAUM@UCLA.EDU>

---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Tue, 6 May 1997 17:50:21 -1205237
From: Brian MacWhinney <macw at CMU.EDU>
To: Multiple recipients of list FUNKNET <FUNKNET at LISTSERV.RICE.EDU>
Subject: niceness

> I was not suggesting that English is in any way "nice", only that it
>avoids this particular verbal show of pleasure in other's suffering.


        How about "comeuppance" : a punishment or retribution that one
deserves: one's just desserts. (American Heritage Dictionary)

        PPK


From Bert.Peeters at MODLANG.UTAS.EDU.AU  Tue May  6 23:46:17 1997
From: Bert.Peeters at MODLANG.UTAS.EDU.AU (Bert Peeters)
Date: Wed, 7 May 1997 09:46:17 +1000
Subject: Bralich re Schadenfreude
Message-ID: <WED.7.MAY.1997.094617.1000.BERT.PEETERS@MODLANG.UTAS.EDU.AU>

At 11:21 AM 6/05/97 -1000, Philip A. Bralich, Ph.D. wrote:

>What interests me is the fact that all languages can express the
>same concepts, but in some cases they choose to do it in one
>word while in others they require a phrase or a sentence.  For
>things that are not commonly present in one culture this is natural
>enough, but for something like Schadenfreude, which is present in
>every culture, why do some handle it in one word and others in a phrase.

But that's exactly the point... What makes you think that "something like
Schadenfreude" must exist in every culture of the world? There are those
cultures which give it a prominent place and they've got a word for it;
there are those where it plays a lesser role and they need a paraphrase.
Why assume a priori that there aren't any where it plays no role at all
or is even inconceivable - which then means that it becomes extremely
difficult to refer to the concept by means of language at all?

Bert Peeters

Dr Bert Peeters - Department of English and European Languages and Literatures
University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-82, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia
Tel.: +61 (0)3 6226 2344 / Fax.: +61 (0)3 6226 7631
E-mail: Bert.Peeters at modlang.utas.edu.au
http://info.utas.edu.au/docs/humsoc/modern_languages/peeters/peeters.htm
http://info.utas.edu.au/docs/humsoc/modern_languages/french/welcome.htm


From bralich at HAWAII.EDU  Wed May  7 01:27:05 1997
From: bralich at HAWAII.EDU (Philip A. Bralich, Ph.D.)
Date: Tue, 6 May 1997 15:27:05 -1000
Subject: Schadenfreude
Message-ID: <TUE.6.MAY.1997.152705.1000.BRALICH@HAWAII.EDU>

At 01:46 PM 5/6/97 -1000, Bert Peeters wrote:
>At 11:21 AM 6/05/97 -1000, Philip A. Bralich, Ph.D. wrote:

>But that's exactly the point... What makes you think that "something like
>Schadenfreude" must exist in every culture of the world? There are those
>cultures which give it a prominent place and they've got a word for it;
>there are those where it plays a lesser role and they need a paraphrase.
>Why assume a priori that there aren't any where it plays no role at all
>or is even inconceivable - which then means that it becomes extremely
>difficult to refer to the concept by means of language at all?

Assuming Schadefreude does not exist in every culture is a little like
saying there are cultures that don't have envy or anger.  For me it's just
a little to basic to ignore.

Phil Bralich


Philip A. Bralich, Ph.D.
President and CEO
Ergo Linguistic Technologies
2800 Woodlawn Drive, Suite 175
Honolulu, HI 96822

Tel: (808)539-3920
Fax: (808)5393924


From Bert.Peeters at MODLANG.UTAS.EDU.AU  Wed May  7 01:43:05 1997
From: Bert.Peeters at MODLANG.UTAS.EDU.AU (Bert Peeters)
Date: Wed, 7 May 1997 11:43:05 +1000
Subject: Schadenfreude
Message-ID: <WED.7.MAY.1997.114305.1000.BERT.PEETERS@MODLANG.UTAS.EDU.AU>

At 03:27 PM 6/05/97 -1000, Philip A. Bralich, Ph.D. wrote:

>Assuming Schadefreude does not exist in every culture is a little like
>saying there are cultures that don't have envy or anger.  For me it's just
>a little to basic to ignore.

A little too basic, of course, but from whose point of view? From an Anglo-Saxon
one, I guess - if such a generalization is permissible. What is it that allows
us to say that if something is "a little too basic to ignore FOR US" it is going
to be the same for everyone else? Emotions are a highly language-specific area,
as recent research (e.g. by Anna Wierzbicka) has painstakingly tried to show.
Typologies of emotions are nice, but most of them suffer from an ethnocentric
bias and what a lot of people do is impose the English way of seeing things upon
everything else. I'm not saying for one moment that there are cultures that
don't have any form of envy or anger, or indeed Schadenfreude. What I'm saying
is that they may have slightly different concepts, different forms of envy,
anger
and Schadenfreude. It would be wrong for us to try and force our world view in
the realm of emotions upon theirs.

Bert Peeters

Dr Bert Peeters - Department of English and European Languages and Literatures
University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-82, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia
Tel.: +61 (0)3 6226 2344 / Fax.: +61 (0)3 6226 7631
E-mail: Bert.Peeters at modlang.utas.edu.au
http://info.utas.edu.au/docs/humsoc/modern_languages/peeters/peeters.htm
http://info.utas.edu.au/docs/humsoc/modern_languages/french/welcome.htm


From bralich at HAWAII.EDU  Wed May  7 01:51:30 1997
From: bralich at HAWAII.EDU (Philip A. Bralich, Ph.D.)
Date: Tue, 6 May 1997 15:51:30 -1000
Subject: Schadenfreude
Message-ID: <TUE.6.MAY.1997.155130.1000.BRALICH@HAWAII.EDU>

At 03:43 PM 5/6/97 -1000, Bert Peeters wrote:

>A little too basic, of course, but from whose point of view? From an
Anglo-Saxon
>one, I guess - if such a generalization is permissible. What is it that allows
>us to say that if something is "a little too basic to ignore FOR US" it is
going
>to be the same for everyone else? Emotions are a highly language-specific area,
>as recent research (e.g. by Anna Wierzbicka) has painstakingly tried to show.
>Typologies of emotions are nice, but most of them suffer from an ethnocentric
>bias and what a lot of people do is impose the English way of seeing things
upon
>everything else. I'm not saying for one moment that there are cultures that
>don't have any form of envy or anger, or indeed Schadenfreude. What I'm saying
>is that they may have slightly different concepts, different forms of envy,
>anger
>and Schadenfreude. It would be wrong for us to try and force our world view in
>the realm of emotions upon theirs.

Who could argue with this?  Yet at some level I guess I am still
presupposing a strata of emotionality that is common to all
humans--what form that may take is unclear and whether or not
Schadefreude would make the cut into that strata is certainly not
clear either.  But surely there are at least a few emotions
that exist throughout the species and maybe in other species as
well.

Phil Bralich


Philip A. Bralich, Ph.D.
President and CEO
Ergo Linguistic Technologies
2800 Woodlawn Drive, Suite 175
Honolulu, HI 96822

Tel: (808)539-3920
Fax: (808)5393924


From efiguero at CAPOMO.USON.MX  Wed May  7 02:51:34 1997
From: efiguero at CAPOMO.USON.MX (Enrique Figueroa E.)
Date: Tue, 6 May 1997 20:51:34 -0600
Subject: Schadenfreude
In-Reply-To: <2.2.16.19970506153733.327f624c@pop-server.hawaii.edu>
Message-ID: <TUE.6.MAY.1997.205134.0600.EFIGUERO@CAPOMO.USON.MX>

I didn't wish to get involved in the argument, but have suddenly felt the
urge to (though briefly, as much as I can).

Aren't we getting a bit Humboldtian here? Why speak about "a culture", as
if it were frozen in time or given once and forever? Aren't we getting
very much "weltansichtlich"?
A culture, I guess we all know, is a historical product, a neverstopping
one. Once, at a certain point in the historical development of a certain
culture, there arose the need to express a certain (probably very usuala
and socially meaningful) feeling or attitude; the need "created" the word
in that culture's language at that time. Once it came to life, people got
used to using the word, the concept became "frozen" IN THE LANGUAGE,
which by no means should be interpreted as being part of a supposedly
"frozen"culture... Neighbour cultures, by means of their languages,
borrowed the word and got more and more used to the concept, began using
it spontaneously...
Some other close-by cultures (all of these, actually, subcultures of a
macroculture), whose languages weren't very much "inclined" to compound
words, "preferred" (by "natural selection") to calque the term in a less
conspicuous, though equally effective way: [para]phrasing it!
 I can't help being reinstalled in the midst of linguistic relativism and
neohumboldtism when I see so much importance given to WORDS (i. e.,
morphology) and so little to PHRASES (i. e., to actual discourse and
communication)!
These phrases, furthermore, are practically "frozen", in the language of
course: they are, in a way, part of the "lexikon" (of its phraseological
component)!
Sorry to have talked too  much.  I hope some others will pick up the
handkerchief, for I have nothing to add.
Cheers,
ME


From hartmut at EMMA.RUC.DK  Wed May  7 06:08:54 1997
From: hartmut at EMMA.RUC.DK (Hartmut Haberland)
Date: Wed, 7 May 1997 08:08:54 +0200
Subject: schadenfreude
In-Reply-To: <Pine.BSF.3.91.970506134754.17552D-100000@capomo.uson.mx> from
 "Enrique Figueroa E." at May 6, 97 01:51:44 pm
Message-ID: <WED.7.MAY.1997.080854.0200.>

| One point I'd very much like to see straightened here: does or does not
| SCHADENFRA¨UDE necessarily imply or carry with itself the "righteousness"
| some of the commentators have introduced?
| I think not. Whether you think the person deserved it or not, however
| usual the case may be, I dare say it is irrelevant to the meaning of the
| word. It could as well refer to a very mean person.
| ME
|


Well, so far we only have the judgment of two three native or near-native
speakers on the list that this is the case. Since I am one of them, I uphold the view
unless somebody shows me that I'm wrong. I have discussed the matter with
other native speakers as well, and what usually happens is that the give
you a dictionary definition ("pleasure stemming from others' misfortune"),
then you give them some examples and ask, "Is this Schadenfreude?" and
then they say "not really", and the finally come up with this
"righteousness" or "satisfaction" component in the definition (or what
Deborah Ruuskanen calls the "nanny-nanny-boo-boo" emotion, i.e. what
children express when they makes those familiar and, as I gather, culturally
very wide-spread (I didn't say universal) sounds). The interesting thing is
that this component which I think is essential in German either is a newer
development, or has got lost in the process of calquing the word in other
languages. Is this because calques or loan-translations always tend to be
very literal? Or because German culture has changd since the times the word
was borrowed, restricting not the range of available emotions, but the range
of expressible emotions (in a socially acceptable way expressible, I mean)?
In the sense I mean that there was no need for a word meaning
"schadenfreude" (note the small s) any more, thus letting "Schadenfreude"
(with big s) take on the new meaning. (Finnish seems to travel with German
here, which in itself is interesting.)

For those who didn't follow all this, I'd like to refer back to Deborah's
banana peel example which in my opinion covers best what Schadenfreude
means. Note that if a car overtakes you at 250 kms/h (155 mph) on a German
motorway, and you see it crashed against a tree a few kilometers down the
road, then (my informants agree) you don't feel Schadenfreude, since the
"punishment" is just out of proportion. But if you see the car stopped by
the police, Schadenfreude seems to describe what you would feel.

Hartmut Haberland


From hartmut at EMMA.RUC.DK  Wed May  7 06:12:13 1997
From: hartmut at EMMA.RUC.DK (Hartmut Haberland)
Date: Wed, 7 May 1997 08:12:13 +0200
Subject: Unexpressible emotions
Message-ID: <WED.7.MAY.1997.081213.0200.>

Dear Funknetters,

as to Brian McWhinney's suggestion that there might bve emotions we don't
have a name for, this reminded me of Karen Ebert's work about "missing"
speech act verbs in Fering (a North Frisian dialect): there are speech acts
in Fering which do not have a name (thus cannot be performed with a
performative verb) but which still exist. There is, of course, also Jef
Verschueren's "Language of forgotten routines". I can provide references if
somebody is interested.

Hartmut Haberland


From pfaber at REDESTB.ES  Wed May  7 06:42:06 1997
From: pfaber at REDESTB.ES (Pamela Faber)
Date: Wed, 7 May 1997 08:42:06 +0200
Subject: Schadenfreude in other languages
Message-ID: <WED.7.MAY.1997.084206.0200.PFABER@REDESTB.ES>

I would think that a better word in Spanish would be "regocijarse" or
better yet, "regodearse", although admittedly neither transmits the total
meaning of Schadenfreude.

Pamela Faber
Faculty of Translation
University of Granada



----------
> De: Enrique Figueroa E. <efiguero at CAPOMO.USON.MX>
> A: Multiple recipients of list FUNKNET <FUNKNET at LISTSERV.RICE.EDU>
> Asunto: Re: Schadenfreude in other languages
> Fecha: martes 6 de mayo de 1997 21:34
>
> Interesting how different languages (most probably, I guess, copying one
> language, probably German, which is the case for Slavic languages) add or
> take away nuances.
> In Spanish the noun of the corresponding phrase could be any one of
> these (and perhaps some others too):
> *infortunio, desgracia, mal, sufrimiento, desdicha*
> All of these would be accompanied by the adjective *ajeno*
> As for the verb, it could be any of the following (and probably some
> others as well):
> *gozar, complacerse, disfrutar, alegrarse* (always with one the these
> prepositions: *de*/*con*).
> Example: *gozar de la desgracia ajena*
> ME


From ravnholt at HUM.AUC.DK  Wed May  7 06:48:50 1997
From: ravnholt at HUM.AUC.DK (Ole Ravnholt)
Date: Wed, 7 May 1997 08:48:50 +0200
Subject: Schadenfreude
Message-ID: <WED.7.MAY.1997.084850.0200.RAVNHOLT@HUM.AUC.DK>

In my original response, which didn't go to the list, I wrote

>By the way, I hope the emotion is universal, and not limited to certain
>>cultures (including my own), even if some languages do not have a word for
>it. >It is not really a feeling to be proud of, even if it can be quite nice
>to >experience it.

Apparently everybody agrees to the last part, and we European continentals,
together with a few others, should be ashamed of ourselves. Hartmut's
mention of a possible difference between his own (possibly still) German
intuitions and those of a Danish colleague, made me realise that in (my)
Danish the part about having deserved the accident that causes the
"skadefryd" is absent, there is no moral satisfaction involved, just the
joy of somebody else's misfortune. I guess that makes us really mean,
doesn't it.

Ole Ravnholt



----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ole Ravnholt
Institut for Kommunikation/Department of Communication
Aalborg Universitet
Langagervej 8                             phone:  +45 96 35 90 27
DK-9220 Aalborg Ø                         fax:    +45 98 15 94 34
Denmark                                   email:  ravnholt at hum.auc.dk
----------------------------------------------------------------------------


From mdevos at CIS.CO.ZA  Wed May  7 04:55:49 1997
From: mdevos at CIS.CO.ZA (MARK DE VOS)
Date: Tue, 6 May 1997 21:55:49 PDT
Subject: Schadenfreude
In-Reply-To: <199705060501.AAA14772@listserv.rice.edu>
Message-ID: <TUE.6.MAY.1997.215549.PDT.MDEVOS@CIS.CO.ZA>

 Hi all

>Ron, although English lacks the single lexical item, it seems to me
>that
>the adjective "bittersweet" (as in "bittersweet pleasure") comes
>very close
>to what you're looking for.

Forgive me if I'm barking up the wrong tree here.  Just ascribe it to
my ignorance and kindly point out the correct tree to scrape at

Once upon a time, I received a lecture about the empiricist's
dilema: exactly  What classifies as a phenomenon and what
doesn't?

Is it relevant that one language uses a single word to describe
something, whilst other languages use phrases and yet another
may use idioms etc.  After all, they all refer to (and are able to
express) a single mental response (in this case, Schadenfreude,
perverse pleasure or what have you)

Surely all the following phenomena could be classified as one and
the same:

SINGLE WORD
Schadenfreude (our old pal) a single, compound word.  Note
however, that if the great die of fate had rolled otherwise,
typographic convention in German might have rendered this as two
words or at least hyphenated

AND RELATED LANGUAGES?
And do words from Dutch, Old-English, Swedish and other
Germanic languages carry the same weight? Are they really
"translations" or is it merely a case of slightly different form?  After
all they are related!

CLAUSES AND PHRASES  IN INFLECTED LANGUAGE
[snipped from a contributor to this list]...
In Bulgarian ZLORADSTVO (noun), nominalization from ZLORAD
(adj),litterally "with bad joy", compound from ZLO 'bad' (adjective or
adverb) +RADvam se 'to enjoy' (reflexive verb).

Although this example is a single word (and thus empirically
relevant?) it is inflected and thus contains a lot more syntactic info
than a single morpheme.  In fact, one could reasonably say that this
"single" word is the equivalent of

CLAUSES AND PHRASES IN NON-INFLECTED LANGUAGES
such as "rejoicing in another's misfortune" or "getting one's just
deserts" or even "ja, ja I told you so"  in English.

My point is this:  this entire discussion has been conducted in
English with some understanding and some misunderstanding on
all sides.  But the very fact that it is possible to speak about and
discuss the subject and even to provide useable translations of
"Schadenfreude" proves that equivalents ARE available!  (even
though they may not all be "single" words.

If you really want to find equivalents for "Schadenfreude" take a
look at what people have written on this list:  Anyway, the original
posting did ask for "expressions" and not single lexical items.

Here are your equivalents:

>"Perverse pleasure"

>"pleasure-with-other's-misfortune".

> The pleasure is not about the other's misfortune
> as such, but lies in some sense of satisfaction one get's out of it; it
> "I've told you so"
> or "You wouldn't listen" o
> "This serves
> you right".
>        [pleasure in others getting]
 >               their comeuppance
  >              just desserts

 >       [pleasure in others receiving]
>                condign punishment

> pain at other people's joy?


There have been lots others....

So tell me, is this the tree?


.................................................................................

     Forgive, O Lord, my little jokes on Thee
     And I'll forgive Thy great big one on me.

                                                                                  Robert Frost


From ravnholt at HUM.AUC.DK  Wed May  7 07:32:20 1997
From: ravnholt at HUM.AUC.DK (Ole Ravnholt)
Date: Wed, 7 May 1997 09:32:20 +0200
Subject: schadenfreude
Message-ID: <WED.7.MAY.1997.093220.0200.RAVNHOLT@HUM.AUC.DK>

30 seconds after I sent my last posting that indicated my meanness with
respect to "skadefryd", Hartmut Haberland wrote:

>Note that if a car overtakes you at 250 kms/h (155 mph) on a German
>motorway, and you see it crashed against a tree a few kilometers down the
>road, then (my informants agree) you don't feel Schadenfreude, since the
>"punishment" is just out of proportion. But if you see the car stopped by
>the police, Schadenfreude seems to describe what you would feel.

I am not that mean either. The "misfortune" is far too serious for that. -
But I maintain that it is not necessary to see the misfortune as a sort of
punishment to experience "skadefryd". I remember somebody once saying to me
something like: "Your own success is fine, but thy neighbour's failure is
not to be despised" which appears to be a rather accurate account of
"skadefryd". "Skadefryd" is what you experience when somebody slips on a
banana peel and bumps his behind a bit, whether he deserved it or not -
just look at the home videos they show on TV, and you´ll know.

Ole Ravnholt


----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ole Ravnholt
Institut for Kommunikation/Department of Communication
Aalborg Universitet
Langagervej 8                             phone:  +45 96 35 90 27
DK-9220 Aalborg Ø                         fax:    +45 98 15 94 34
Denmark                                   email:  ravnholt at hum.auc.dk
----------------------------------------------------------------------------


From gertraud at LELAND.STANFORD.EDU  Wed May  7 07:43:11 1997
From: gertraud at LELAND.STANFORD.EDU (Gertraud Benke)
Date: Wed, 7 May 1997 00:43:11 -0700
Subject: schadenfreude
In-Reply-To: <199705070608.IAA26815@emma.ruc.dk>
Message-ID: <WED.7.MAY.1997.004311.0700.>

On Wed, 7 May 1997, Hartmut Haberland wrote:

> Well, so far we only have the judgment of two three native or near-native
> speakers on the list that this is the case. Since I am one of them, I uphold the view
> unless somebody shows me that I'm wrong. I have discussed the matter with
> other native speakers as well, and what usually happens is that the give
> you a dictionary definition ("pleasure stemming from others' misfortune"),
> then you give them some examples and ask, "Is this Schadenfreude?" and
> then they say "not really", and the finally come up with this
> "righteousness" or "satisfaction" component in the definition (or what

> For those who didn't follow all this, I'd like to refer back to Deborah's
> banana peel example which in my opinion covers best what Schadenfreude
> means. Note that if a car overtakes you at 250 kms/h (155 mph) on a German
> motorway, and you see it crashed against a tree a few kilometers down the
> road, then (my informants agree) you don't feel Schadenfreude, since the
> "punishment" is just out of proportion. But if you see the car stopped by
> the police, Schadenfreude seems to describe what you would feel.
>
> Hartmut Haberland

As a native speaker of German, I have been following this discussion about
Schadenfreude with interest, however, I find it hard to determine the
'exact' meaning. While I accept the banana example, I am unsure about the
overtaking on the freeway, as the one feeling 'Schadenfreude' has made no
direct/personal contact to the other person. Would, by extension, reading
about someone being caught speeding on the freeway qualify as well?

I guess, my indeterminacy stems from the context of use, in which I come
across the word - and the only context of use I could envision was that
someone was accused of being 'schadenfreudig' (Adj). by the person
targeted or alternatively by someone who defends that person. And the
latter would only be the case if that person really knew the other person,
so that moral issue could be discarded as irrelevant.

So, the question I would like to ask is: what is the context of *use* of
this word. While the sentiment one feels in the freeway example surely is
the same as the one described with the word "Schadenfreude", I would
nevertheless not use the word to describe this situation, i.e. for me the
classificatory component (with respect to emotions) does not sufficiently
capture the meaning of this word.

Gertraud
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Gertraud Benke     .    Everything is, at first, a matter of feeling.
School of Education  .   Any theoretical scheme will be lacking in the
Stanford University  .  essential of creation-the inner desire (Kandinsky)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------


From jraukko at DOMLANG.FI  Wed May  7 07:49:14 1997
From: jraukko at DOMLANG.FI (Jarno Raukko)
Date: Wed, 7 May 1997 10:49:14 +0300
Subject: Schadenfreude
In-Reply-To: <2.2.16.19970507114946.210f7fce@postoffice.sandybay.utas.edu.au>
Message-ID: <WED.7.MAY.1997.104914.0300.JRAUKKO@DOMLANG.FI>

What really worries me is the implicit assumption by some participants
in this discussion that we all are actually talking about a semantically
constant concept in various languages. OK, it has been admitted that
German may have developed a semantic shade that those languages do not
have that are otherwise claimed to have "copied" the expression. But
otherwise, still; consider what Phil Bralich writes Tue, 06 May 1997
11:21:37 -1000:

> What interests me is the fact that all languages can express the
> same concepts, but in some cases they choose to do it in one
> word while in others they require a phrase or a sentence.

It is scary that P.B. talks about "the same concepts" after so many
discussants have reported (i) uncertainty over what the word
Schadenfreude means, (ii) uncertainty over possible translations,
(iii) uncertainty over what these concepts in their native language mean,
and (iv) intersubjective disagreement over the meaning of these words in
question between native speakers of the language.
        I am still quite puzzled what Schadenfreude and its suggested
translations in other languages mean, not least because we seem to be
dealing with a highly complex type of emotion, and thus very potential
ground for a lot of disagreement over the "exact meaning", though I doubt
that there is "exact meaning" even in the first place.
        I do know, though, what "vahingonilo" (cf. Kaisa Launonen's short
message) means in Finnish, and therefore I cannot but wonder what makes
Hartmut Haberland say on Wed, 07 May 1997 08:08:54 +0200:

> In the sense I mean that there was no need for a word meaning
> "schadenfreude" (note the small s) any more, thus letting
> "Schadenfreude" (with big s) take on the new meaning. (Finnish seems to
> travel with German here, which in itself is interesting.)

At least my intuitions about the intersubjectively shared meaning of
"vahingonilo" in Finnish go counter this claim; "vahingonilo" does not
have that "additional" meaning of "moral satisfaction". It is just as
"mean" as e.g. the Danish version.
        So, instead of continuing the discussion by trying to play with
the world's languages and trying to find a language where "Schadenfreude"
can be expressed with only one morpheme - or where "it" cannot be
expressed - I would rather be interested in finding out about the semantic
similarities and *differences* between vahingonilo, skadegla"dje,
skadefryd, leedvermaak, zloradstvo, s^kodolibost, ka'ro"ro"m, comeuppance,
Schadenfreude, and others. (But I do not suggest that analysis should be
performed on this list - simply too big a task.)
        For it is interesting, of course, that so many people seemed to
readily come up with translations in other languages even if they did not
precisely know (and still do not know, I insist) what "Schadenfreude"
means. I think one of the reasons - at least for those languages where the
speakers seemed to notice a calque from German - is that the compounds
in their own languages "looked alike"; the meanings of the parts seemed to
be close, and there existed a similar compound, so we "had to be close" in
the meaning of the whole. I myself thought so, too, when reporting
"vahingonilo" to Ron Kuzar.

To conclude, I wholeheartedly agree with Bert Peeters (Wed, 7 May 1997):

> A little too basic, of course, but from whose point of view? From an Anglo-Saxon
> one, I guess - if such a generalization is permissible. What is it that allows
> us to say that if something is "a little too basic to ignore FOR US" it is going
> to be the same for everyone else? Emotions are a highly language-specific area,
> as recent research (e.g. by Anna Wierzbicka) has painstakingly tried to show.


Jarno Raukko
University of Helsinki


From efiguero at CAPOMO.USON.MX  Wed May  7 09:05:05 1997
From: efiguero at CAPOMO.USON.MX (Enrique Figueroa E.)
Date: Wed, 7 May 1997 03:05:05 -0600
Subject: schadenfreude
In-Reply-To: <199705070608.IAA26815@emma.ruc.dk>
Message-ID: <WED.7.MAY.1997.030505.0600.EFIGUERO@CAPOMO.USON.MX>

The matter is quite interesting. It would be good to have the opinions of
more Germans and also of colleagues who are NS of other languages, the
Slavic and Finnish, for example. It would also be good to compare their
answers with those of NS of languages that do not have the compound, but
a phrase (as Spanish, in which, I consider, being an NS of it, there is
no banana-peel component).
In languages such as Sp, perhaps, the "S/he had it coming" component
corresponds to entirely different phrasings.
Another very interesting question you have posed is this: has the culture
changed? do such words lose everything but their litteral meaning when
calqued?
ME

On Wed, 7 May 1997, Hartmut Haberland wrote:

> | One point I'd very much like to see straightened here: does or does not
> | SCHADENFRA�UDE necessarily imply or carry with itself the "righteousness"
> | some of the commentators have introduced?
> | I think not. Whether you think the person deserved it or not, however
> | usual the case may be, I dare say it is irrelevant to the meaning of the
> | word. It could as well refer to a very mean person.
> | ME
> |
>
>
> Well, so far we only have the judgment of two three native or near-native
> speakers on the list that this is the case. Since I am one of them, I uphold the view
> unless somebody shows me that I'm wrong. I have discussed the matter with
> other native speakers as well, and what usually happens is that the give
> you a dictionary definition ("pleasure stemming from others' misfortune"),
> then you give them some examples and ask, "Is this Schadenfreude?" and
> then they say "not really", and the finally come up with this
> "righteousness" or "satisfaction" component in the definition (or what
> Deborah Ruuskanen calls the "nanny-nanny-boo-boo" emotion, i.e. what
> children express when they makes those familiar and, as I gather, culturally
> very wide-spread (I didn't say universal) sounds). The interesting thing is
> that this component which I think is essential in German either is a newer
> development, or has got lost in the process of calquing the word in other
> languages. Is this because calques or loan-translations always tend to be
> very literal? Or because German culture has changd since the times the word
> was borrowed, restricting not the range of available emotions, but the range
> of expressible emotions (in a socially acceptable way expressible, I mean)?
> In the sense I mean that there was no need for a word meaning
> "schadenfreude" (note the small s) any more, thus letting "Schadenfreude"
> (with big s) take on the new meaning. (Finnish seems to travel with German
> here, which in itself is interesting.)
>
> For those who didn't follow all this, I'd like to refer back to Deborah's
> banana peel example which in my opinion covers best what Schadenfreude
> means. Note that if a car overtakes you at 250 kms/h (155 mph) on a German
> motorway, and you see it crashed against a tree a few kilometers down the
> road, then (my informants agree) you don't feel Schadenfreude, since the
> "punishment" is just out of proportion. But if you see the car stopped by
> the police, Schadenfreude seems to describe what you would feel.
>
> Hartmut Haberland
>


From efiguero at CAPOMO.USON.MX  Wed May  7 09:17:52 1997
From: efiguero at CAPOMO.USON.MX (Enrique Figueroa E.)
Date: Wed, 7 May 1997 03:17:52 -0600
Subject: Schadenfreude in other languages
In-Reply-To: <19970507063808718.AAA90@cicero>
Message-ID: <WED.7.MAY.1997.031752.0600.EFIGUERO@CAPOMO.USON.MX>

Regocijarse is very close to gozar and the rest, so it's OK as a synonym.
As for *regodearse*, it adds a new nuance (one of "lingering", of
repeatedly enjoying), as I see it. This is probably because of the *re-*
component. Vale. ME

On Wed, 7 May 1997, Pamela Faber wrote:

> I would think that a better word in Spanish would be "regocijarse" or
> better yet, "regodearse", although admittedly neither transmits the total
> meaning of Schadenfreude.
>
> Pamela Faber
> Faculty of Translation
> University of Granada
>
>
>
> ----------
> > De: Enrique Figueroa E. <efiguero at CAPOMO.USON.MX>
> > A: Multiple recipients of list FUNKNET <FUNKNET at LISTSERV.RICE.EDU>
> > Asunto: Re: Schadenfreude in other languages
> > Fecha: martes 6 de mayo de 1997 21:34
> >
> > Interesting how different languages (most probably, I guess, copying one
> > language, probably German, which is the case for Slavic languages) add or
> > take away nuances.
> > In Spanish the noun of the corresponding phrase could be any one of
> > these (and perhaps some others too):
> > *infortunio, desgracia, mal, sufrimiento, desdicha*
> > All of these would be accompanied by the adjective *ajeno*
> > As for the verb, it could be any of the following (and probably some
> > others as well):
> > *gozar, complacerse, disfrutar, alegrarse* (always with one the these
> > prepositions: *de*/*con*).
> > Example: *gozar de la desgracia ajena*
> > ME
>


From ocls at IPA.NET  Wed May  7 13:05:36 1997
From: ocls at IPA.NET (George Elgin, Suzette Haden Elgin)
Date: Wed, 7 May 1997 08:05:36 -0500
Subject: schadenfraude
Message-ID: <WED.7.MAY.1997.080536.0500.OCLS@IPA.NET>

What I would really like to see is some input about schandefraude from
native speakers of various non-Indo- European languages. I've got to go on
book tour for a couple of weeks, but I'll try to get some information from
my Navajo/Hopi/Kumeyaay consultants....

Suzette


From DOUGLASO at UCRAC1.UCR.EDU  Wed May  7 15:27:05 1997
From: DOUGLASO at UCRAC1.UCR.EDU (Douglas S. Oliver, UCR Anthropology)
Date: Wed, 7 May 1997 08:27:05 -0700
Subject: Schadenfreude, a Chinese example.
Message-ID: <WED.7.MAY.1997.082705.0700.DOUGLASO@UCRAC1.UCR.EDU>

From:   CITRUS::DOUGLASO     "Douglas S. Oliver, UCR Anthropology"  6-MAY-1997 11:17:21.84
To:     SMTP%"funknet at ricevm1.rice.edu"
CC:     DOUGLASO
Subj:   Schadenfreude in Chinese

Mandarin:  xin zai lo huo  (happy at [others'] disaster)
This is a chengyu or (usually) four character saying used as if a single
word in many cases.

Douglas S. Oliver
University of California
Riverside, CA 92521
douglaso at ucrac1.ucr.edu


From simon at CVAX.IPFW.INDIANA.EDU  Wed May  7 21:22:10 1997
From: simon at CVAX.IPFW.INDIANA.EDU (Beth Simon)
Date: Wed, 7 May 1997 16:22:10 EST
Subject: schadenfreude
Message-ID: <WED.7.MAY.1997.162210.EST.>

If schadenfreude is at the least causally active/most (more?) responsive
end of the spectrum, would "don't get mad, get even" be at the
causal end>

Does schadenfreude include having been somehow within the misfortune
experiencer's sphere, or simply having been an observer of the experiencer's
misfortune.

beth simon
assistant professor, linguistics and english
indiana university purdue university
simon at cvax.ipfw.indiana.edu


From David_Tuggy at SIL.ORG  Wed May  7 13:26:00 1997
From: David_Tuggy at SIL.ORG (David_Tuggy at SIL.ORG)
Date: Wed, 7 May 1997 08:26:00 -0500
Subject: Emotions about emotions
Message-ID: <WED.7.MAY.1997.082600.0500.>

     Brian MacWhinney wrote:

> Alternatively, perhaps there is some universal of metaphor that
> excludes emotions about others' emotions.  Maybe such terms are just too
> cognitively complex according to some version of "theory of mind."

     Interesting idea. But surely not true in any strong sense, given the
     human propensity (my candidate for our most important, maybe our most
     impressive, intellectual capability) for routinizing cognitively
     complex processes to the point that they are effectively simple.  We
     easily use concepts on the order of "checkmate" or "sonata" or "tax"
     or "SGML" as the semantic poles of single words, often single
     morphemes. "Rebuttal", "response", "answer", etc., are thoughts/words
     about others' thoughts/words. Are emotions intrinsically more complex
     than thoughts? "Response" in fact often designates an emotion.

     I think a notion of it being "inappropriate" to so thoroughly
     subordinate another's emotion to one's own (tied in with the
     Japanese facts Brian alluded to?) has a better chance than "too
     complex" to explain a paucity of terms for emotions about others'
     emotions. If there is such a paucity.  Is there?

     We have a number of words in English for pity-type emotions which are
     often prompted by/directed at others' emotions (rather than (just)
     their objectively deplorable situation). "Pity" itself, of course.
     "Sympath(y/etic)", despite its etymology, is probably monomorphemic for
     most speakers, and while it sometimes means a shared emotion it more
     usually is a reponsive emotion (sadness/concern over another's pain.)
     "Compassion" or "empathy" are more learned, and their componentiality
     may be more salient.  Anyone pedantic enough to say "condolence" or
     "commiseration" is probably aware that they are not monomorphemic.
     "Feel" in "I feel for you" and "care" in "nobody cares" are certainly
     monomorphemic and in such usages are responsive emotions.

     Re Schadenfreude, I'm surprised "gloat" has gotten so little press:
     "Glee" also for me feels archaic unless it has a negative tinge; it
     now typically means delight prompted by another's discomfiture.
     ("Unholy glee" is a cliche, "holy glee" almost a contradiction.)

     --David Tuggy


From 6500reng at UCSBUXA.UCSB.EDU  Fri May  9 00:50:11 1997
From: 6500reng at UCSBUXA.UCSB.EDU (Robert Englebretson)
Date: Thu, 8 May 1997 17:50:11 -0700
Subject: 3rd Himalayan Languages Symposium -- 2nd Circular
Message-ID: <THU.8.MAY.1997.175011.0700.6500RENG@UCSBUXA.UCSB.EDU>

Please address all correspondence regarding this conference to
hls at vowel.ucsb.edu

 ===========================================================================
3rd Himalayan Languages Symposium

July 18-20, 1997
UC Santa Barbara Campus

2nd Circular


The time for the 3rd Himalayan Languages Symposium is approaching
quickly.  Our apologies for the lateness of this 2nd Circular.  The
primary difficulty has been the finalization of the budget, a necessary
precondition for the determination of registration costs.  We are
grateful to the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research, the
Interdisciplinary Humanities Center at UC Santa Barbara, and the UCSB
Dept. of Linguistics, all sponsors of the 3rd Himalayan Languages
Symposium.

Keynote Speaker

We are honored to announce that Dr. John Gumperz (Professor Emeritus, UC
Berkeley and UC Santa Barbara) will give the keynote address for the
Symposium:

Language Loss in Communicative Perspective

Dr. Gumperz is one of the foremost scholars in anthropological
linguistics.  His work is seminal and draws on decades of research on
languages throughout the world, including South Asia and the Himalayan
region.

Invited Presentations

In addition to the abstracts submitted, we have also invited two
scholars with expertise in the languages and speakers of particular
geographic regions to give special presentations providing basic
overviews of the linguistic distribution of those regions.  The invited
speakers are:

        Richard Strand:         Nuristani languages
        Roland Bielmeier:       Tibetan languages and dialects (to be confirmed)


Scheduling and Organization

Conference participants should plan to arrive in Santa Barbara on
Thursday July 17th.  Those coming from overseas may wish to arrive on the
16th, to allow a day to recuperate from travelling.  The following events
have been planned, and give the basic structure of the Symposium:

        Opening Reception and Registration      Thurs. July 17th, 7:30-9pm
        Regular sessions begin                  Fri. July 18th, 8:30 am
        Panel on Language Endangerment  Fri. July 18th, 7pm
        Parasession on Language and Culture
                in the Himalayan Context                Sat. July 19th (all day)
        Mediterranean Banquet                   Sat. July 19th, 7pm
        Regular sessions end                    Sun July 20th, 12:30 pm

In addition to the Parasession on Language and Culture, the 3rd Himalayan
Languages Symposium will be enriched by the addition of Working Groups,
designed to bring together conference participants who are actively
studying similar topics, and to allow for informal discussion and the
exchange of ideas.  These will be held on Friday and Saturday, taking up
half of the scheduled ninety-minute lunch period.  There are currently
four working groups planned; the topics are nominalization, verb
morphology, participial constructions and directionals/deictics.  We
could add as many as two other groups, and are open to proposals.

Presentations and handouts

The final schedule for the conference has not been finalized, as it is
as yet unclear how many of our overseas colleagues will be able to join
us. At this point, we are estimating that there will be between 30 and
35 participants.

There is a photocopy center on campus (and many off campus) where people
may photocopy handouts, etc.  An overhead projector will also be
available, as well as a PC computer which can be projected. (If you wish
to use the PC, please contact us before the conference.)

As the final number of participants is not yet fixed, we cannot yet
determine the length of presentations. We are hoping to allot 30 minutes
per paper (including a question period).  We will be sending around the
final schedule in the 3rd Circular in June and will inform you of the
time allotments then.


Titles of Presentations

The following papers have been accepted for presentation at the
conference:

Anvita Abbi
Redundancies and restructuring in Bangani syntax: A case of
language contact in Western Himalaya

Erik Andvik
Semantic and syntactic aspects of the Tshangla 'non-final'
construction

Asif Agha
Lhasa Tibetan honorific language

CM Bandhu
Language endangerment: a case of Kusunda

Elena Bashir
Busushaski/Khowar commonalities

Balthasar Bickel
Root alternation in Belhare demonstratives: grammaticalized
transposition of deictic fields

Roland Bielmeier and Nicolas Tournadre
Grammaticalization in Tibetan

Ilija Casule
Cultural words of paleobalkanic origin in Burushaski

Anant R. Chauhan
Non-pareil and the salient features of Kangri

Alec Coupe
Agency and control in Ao (Naga)

Scott DeLancey
The position of agreement of the Proto-Tibeto-Burman verb


DING Chun-Shou
On the auxiliary words of Tibeto-Burman languages

C.T. Dorji
Honorific systems in Dzongkha

George van Driem
The Baraam of Gorkhaa: Hodgson's 'Bhramu' rediscovered

S. Fulop and Michael Dobrovolsky
An instrumental analysis of Shachop

Satyendra Narayan Goswami
The Nising language: a descriptive analysis

David Hargreaves
Say and hearsay in Kathmandu Newar discourse

Katrin Hasler
Tones in the Dege Dialect of Tibetan: A glimpse on the
process of tonogenesis
Peter Hook
Extraction and attraction in Gultari, a dialect of Eastern
Shina

Jiangbian Jiacuo
To see the characters of Belti Tibetan Dialect through
number

Shree Krishan
Clause structure in Kom
Kinship in Kuki

Michael Noonan
Converbial Constructions in Chantyal

Jean-Robert Opgenort
The principal verbal categories of Ombule

Dipti Phukan Patgiri
Causative verb in Assamese and Rabha: A comparative study


Madhav Pokharel
Reciprocity in Kiranti

James Reed
Aspects of reported speech in Nepali

D.P. Sastry
Monpa Relative Clauses

Daya R. Shakya
On naming a language

Suhnu Ram Sharma
Manchad phonological analysis -- Some problems
The state of Tibeto-Burman languages in the western
Himalayas

Uma Shrestha
What's in a pronoun?

Richard Strand
An overview of the Kamviri verbal system
Direction and Location in Nuristani languages

SUN Hongkai
On Tibeto-Burman languages of Eastern Himalaya area in China

WANG Qilong
On the Versions of Shes-Dya-rab-tu-Gsal

WANG Zhijing
A Tibetan position in regional linguistics

Ramawatar Yadav
Markers of definiteness in Maithili

Yogendra P. Yadava
The typology of verb agreement: evidence from Nepali, Hindi
and Maithili
Language endangerment in Nepal


Getting to Santa Barbara

Santa Barbara is located about 100 miles (175 kilometers) north of Los
Angeles.  We will thus be unable to provide transportation from the Los
Angeles International Airport (LAX) to Santa Barbara.  The easiest way
to travel to Santa Barbara from LAX is by air; United, American and
Delta are the primary airlines which service the Santa Barbara airport.
(Those coming from overseas should allow at least three hours to clear
customs in their port of entry before transferring to their next
flight.)  Another option is to take the Santa Barbara Airbus from LAX .
This often involves waiting for some time in a high traffic area until
the bus arrives, however, it may be less expensive than flying.  The
current charge is $60 (round-trip) if reservations are made and paid for
in advance.  Those wishing to contact the Santa Barbara Airbus company
should call 1-800-423-1618. Be sure to tell them that you are going to
Goleta (near UCSB) as opposed to the main Santa Barbara drop-off point.
(Note: those bringing in foreign currency are advised to change as much
money as necessary at the airport which is their port of entry.
Exchanging foreign currency in Santa Barbara is a time-consuming
activity, and not all currencies may be exchanged at local banks.)
        Whether you arrive at the Santa Barbara Airport or at the SB
Airbus terminal, UCSB Conference Services will provide free
transportation to the residence halls.  Find a phone, and call 893-2772.
A representative of conference services will arrive to meet you within
ten minutes.
        It is also possible to reach Santa Barbara by train.  Amtrak
provides service to cities up and down the west coast via the Coast
Starlight.  There is also the San Diegan line, which provides service
between Santa Barbara, Los Angeles, and San Diego.  Whereas the Coast
Starlight tends to run late, the San Diegan is generally prompt and
should deliver you at the promised time.  UCSB Conference Services does
not provide transportation from the train station. Those coming by train
must take a taxi to campus. (This should cost around $20.)
        Finally, one can of course drive to Santa Barbara by automobile.
Take highway 101.  If coming from the South, drive past all the Santa
Barbara exits, until you see the exit for UCSB.  This will put you onto
another freeway (217; Ward Memorial Blvd.) that takes you directly to
the UCSB East Gate.  If coming from the North, take the UCSB/Storke
Road/Glen Annie Road exit. Go right on Storke and follow it until it
ends at El Collegio Rd.  Go left on El Collegio until it comes to the
UCSB West Gate.  Whether you arrive at the West Gate or the East Gate,
you should stop at the kiosk and the attendant will give you a map and
direct you to the Santa Rosa residence hall, where you can pick up a
complimentary parking permit from the staff at the desk  (If you think
you will be arriving after 8pm, contact me separately and I�ll send you
a map � the parking kiosk may be closed.)

Visas

Participants travelling from overseas will need visas to enter the US.
Most Europeans will be able to enter the country through the �Waiver
Program� � check with the US consulate in your country for details.
Others may come in either on a tourist visa, or on a J-1 visa as a short
term scholar.  For those travelling from Asia, the J-1 visa may be
easier to obtain.  If you wish to apply for a J-1 visa, please contact
us as soon as possible (via e-mail or fax), so that we may collect the
necessary information and start the process.

Accommodations

Conference participants will be housed in the Santa Rosa dormitory on
the UCSB campus.  The costs for room and board for the three nights are
given below (the first meal provided is dinner on the 17th; the last is
lunch on the 20th):

        Single Occupancy:       $190.00
        Double Occupancy:       $150.00 (per person)

The cost for an additional night in the dormitory is $42 single
occupancy and $29 (per person) double.  This does not include meals.

Each dormitory room has beds, desks, dressers, and lamps.  Linens are
included and maids will clean the rooms daily.  There are shared
bathrooms on each hall.  It is recommended that you bring a bathrobe,
alarm clock and hangers. In addition, there are no telephones in the
dormitory rooms, so you may wish to bring a credit card  or calling card
for making calls from the phones in the lobby.  Family and colleagues
needing to get in touch with you can leave a message at (805) 893-2772.

For those participants desiring less spartan accommodations, there are
two options.  One is the UCSB Faculty Club, a nice facility on campus
which has six guest rooms with private baths.  The current rate is
$65/night � the only meal included is a light breakfast.  If you wish to
stay at the Faculty Club, I recommend that you make reservations as soon
as possible, as rooms are limited.  You may phone them directly at (805)
893-3096.  The other option is to make reservations in town.  Santa
Barbara has hundreds of hotels, bed and breakfast establishments, etc.,
providing a wide variety of accommodations.  As the conference is being
held during peak tourist season, hotel rooms will be expensive (mostly
upwards of $100/night, excluding meals) and reservations will be
difficult to obtain on short notice.  Also, keep in mind that the UCSB
campus is somewhat removed from most hotels, and transportation will be
the responsibility of those staying off campus.   To make off-campus
reservations  phone the Accommodations Reservations Service at (805)
882-1300.

Conference participants also have the option of purchasing passes to the
Recreation Center, a modern facility including swimming pools, weight
room, aerobic exercise equipment, etc.  The cost for this is $3.50/day.
Passes may be purchased from the Conference Center staff (Wed-Fri. 9-5).


Weather

Santa Barbara in July is usually lovely, clear and warm, with daytime
temperatures around 80 degrees Fahrenheit (about 27 Celsius), give or
take a few degrees.  However, some years July brings a considerable
amount of fog, especially in the evenings and early mornings, and this
fog is quite chilly when blowing off the ocean.  This generally brings
the daytime temperatures down to around 65 Fahrenheit (about 18
Celsius).  So be sure to bring a sweater or light jacket just in case.
Rain is highly unlikely (though not entirely unheard of) in July.


Financial Matters

The registration costs (including the banquet) for the conference are as
follows:

                Advance Registration
                Regular         $50
                Student         $30

                On-Site Registration
                Regular         $65
                Student         $40

In addition, we must require a room deposit of $100 to reserve your room
in the residence hall.  (You also have the option of paying your room
and board fees in full in advance).  To reserve a space in the residence
hall, this deposit must be received no later than June 13, 1997. This
deposit is non-refundable after June 17, 1997.

To pay your deposit and advance registration, send a personal check,
cashier�s check or money order in US dollars payable to UC Regents.
Please note that to pay the balance of your fees at the conference we
will require cash or check; we are unable to accept credit cards.  When
you are paying your deposit, please include the Response Form below.

4th Himalayan Languages Symposium

For those of you who are fond of planning ahead, we are happy to
announce that plans for the 4th Himalayan Languages Symposium are already
underway.  Dr. Suhnu Ram Sharma has graciously volunteered to host the
4th Symposium in Pune, India.  While exact dates have yet to be
determined, the conference has been tentatively scheduled for November,
1998.

Further Information

If you require further information, please do not hesitate to contact us
in one of the following ways:

Postal Address:
        Dept. of Linguistics
        UC Santa Barbara
        Santa Barbara, CA 93106

FAX: (805) 893-7769

Telephone (Carol Genetti): (805) 893-3574

e-mail: hls at vowel.ucsb.edu

RESPONSE FORM � 2nd Circular
Please return as soon as possible, but no later than June 13, 1997.

(Note: no need to return this if you said in the 1st Circular response
form that you are not coming.)

Name:
Address:
FAX or e-mail:

____    Yes, I am definitely attending the 3rd Himalayan Languages
        Symposium.

____    No, I am not going to attend the 3rd Himalayan Languages Symposium.

Residence Halls
To guarantee housing in the residence halls, a minimum deposit of US
$100 must be received by Friday June 13th.

____    I will be staying in the residence halls for the following nights
        ___ Wed. July 16, ___ Thurs. July 17-Sat. July 19,
        ___ Sun. July 20.

____    I am  ___ male, ____ female.

____    I will be bringing a guest.  Name: _____________________.

____    I would like a single occupancy room.

____    I/we would like a  double occupancy room

___ I will be sharing the room with  _______________________________.

___ I will share a room with any conference participant of the
        same gender.

____    I will be staying at the Faculty Club.  I have made my own
        reservations.

____    I will be staying off campus and will require a $6 parking pass.

____    I have special dietary needs, specifically __________________________ .

Funds Enclosed
____    I am enclosing my deposit for room and board in the amount of US
        $100.

____    I am paying my room and board costs in full (total amount US
        $___________ , including room/board costs of guest, if any).

____    I am paying my registration costs. (Amount: US $______ )

____    My guest will also register and attend the conference and banquet
        (Amount: US $_____ ).

____    My guest wishes to attend the banquet only, for a charge of US
        $30.

Total amount enclosed:   US $ ________________.

Mail this Response Form, together with your check payable to UC Regents,
to:
        3rd Himalayan Languages Symposium
        Dept. of Linguistics
        UC Santa Barbara
        Santa Barbara,  CA 93106
        USA


From israel at LING.UCSD.EDU  Fri May  9 04:53:42 1997
From: israel at LING.UCSD.EDU (Michael Israel)
Date: Thu, 8 May 1997 23:53:42 -0500
Subject: Unspeakable Speech Acts
Message-ID: <THU.8.MAY.1997.235342.0500.ISRAEL@LING.UCSD.EDU>

Hartmut Haberland tells us
>
> of Karen Ebert's work about "missing"
>speech act verbs in Fering (a North Frisian dialect): there are speech acts
>in Fering which do not have a name (thus cannot be performed with a
>performative verb) but which still exist.
>

For whatever it's worth...

There are also speech acts which by their very nature preclude a performative
verb, whether or not they have a name.  I recall John Searle pointing out
in a seminar that while you can always drop hints, if you say "I hereby
hint that... (whatever),"  whatever it is  you're doing, it won't be hinting.
The performative verb in this case antiperforms (so to speak) the
speech act it purports to perform.

Lies and insinuations work similarly, I think.  I'm sure there are others
as well.

Michael Israel


From yui at IPIED.TU.AC.TH  Mon May 12 10:46:48 1997
From: yui at IPIED.TU.AC.TH (Yuphaphann Hoonchamlong)
Date: Mon, 12 May 1997 17:46:48 +0700
Subject: Announcement: sealang-l revived
Message-ID: <MON.12.MAY.1997.174648.0700.YUI@IPIED.TU.AC.TH>

For those  familiar with sealang-l.. it's revived and back at its old
home. For those who subscribed recently to sealang at searc, your names&
addresses are  automatically moved to sealang-l at nectec.
I have included info about sealang-l and subscription with this announcement.
 plus a list of current subscribers.
ABOUT SEALANG-L
  SEALANG-L is a non-moderated mailing list originally founded by Gwyn
Williams
and Trin Tantsetthi in 1994, and  devoted to scholarly discussion relevant to
Southeast Asian languages.  The core SEA languages belong to five major
families: Austronesian (AN); Mon-Khmer (Austro-Asiatic; AA, including Munda);
Tai-Kadai (TK); Tibeto-Burman (TB; a branch of Sino-Tibetan ST); and Hmong-Mien
(HM; also known as Miao-Yao). SEALANG interests also extend to languages of the
Sino-Tibetan family, as well as the Austronesian family, spoken in Vietnam and
Cambodia, Malaysia, Philippines, Brunei, Indonesia, Java, and the Micronesian,
Melanesian, Polynesian, and Madagascar regions.

  Languages of historical importance, particularly Pali and Sanskrit, and more
recent European languages (eg. English) are included in the discussion to the
extent to which they bear on SEA.


TO SUBSCRIBE TO SEALANG-L
  Send a message to:

     majordomo at nectec.or.th

In the body of your letter, include the line:

    subscribe sealang-l your_email_address


TO POST MESSAGES ON SEALANG-L:
  Send your message to:

     sealang-l at nectec.or.th
--------
 CURRENT SUBSCRIBERS (as of May 12, 1997)

 Here are the list of current subscribers of sealang-l mailing list
reestablished at NECTEC.


>>>> who sealang-l
Members of list 'sealang-l':

Marut Buranarach <marut at nectec.or.th>
a.jones at cet.usyd.edu.au
A.Jukes at linguistics.unimelb.edu.au
abramson at uconnvm.uconn.edu
alanking at bigfoot.com
anthony.diller at anu.edu.au
artfkhl at chulkn.car.chula.ac.th
artmmi at au.ac.th
bedell at icu.ac.jp
bgzimmer at midway.uchicago.edu
boyle at netcom.com
brempt at rempt.xs4all.nl
ctrandy at cityu.edu.hk
daniel.duffy at yale.edu
DavidNAB_Thomas at sil.org
delancey at darkwing.uoregon.edu
dinpling at pretty.anu.edu.au
dkaufman at rahul.net
Dorothea.Polonyi at library.anu.edu.au
doug at nwg.nectec.or.th
eewsyw at cpccux0.cityu.edu.hk
egcathyw at polyu.edu.hk
EricSchiller at linguist.chessworks.com
esarey at WPOFFICE.WHITMAN.EDU
fleeuw at arbo-adam.nl
FMGOTAMA at ccvax.fullerton.edu
frmcr at mahidol.ac.th
gaijin at apple.com
gb661 at csc.albany.edu
grahamt at csufresno.edu
grimes at hawaii.edu
gwade at hkucc.hku.hk
james at seasrc.th.net
Jan-Olof.Svantesson at ling.lu.se
janevis at hkusua.hku.hk
jmwied at rullet.leidenuniv.nl
jr at cphling.dk
kimpope at hawaii.edu
kitano at intcul.tohoku.ac.jp
kmsnyder at ling.upenn.edu
lvhayes at worldnet.att.net
LVO at nervm.nerdc.ufl.edu
Lynn_Conver at sil.org
mahdi at fhi-berlin.mpg.de
mchale at AI.RL.AF.MIL
Michael_Boutin at sil.org
nguyen2 at watserv1.uwaterloo.ca
patchew at uclink2.berkeley.edu
pojanart at bunyip.bhs.mq.edu.au
PROTO-LANGUAGE at worldnet.att.net
pwd at ruf.rice.edu
rgoetz at umich.edu
rscook at world.std.com
sagart at ehess.fr
schilkej at ohsu.EDU
seap at niu.edu
seasrc at seasrc.th.net
stephen.oppenheimer at paediatrics.ox.ac.uk
thepsurs at gusun.georgetown.edu
therapan at chulkn.car.chula.ac.th
tsuchida at tooyoo.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp
w.behr at em.uni-frankfurt.d400.de


From PDeane at DATAWARE.COM  Mon May 12 13:47:00 1997
From: PDeane at DATAWARE.COM (Paul Deane)
Date: Mon, 12 May 1997 09:47:00 -0400
Subject: Paul Deane - moving
Message-ID: <MON.12.MAY.1997.094700.0400.PDEANE@DATAWARE.COM>

I am moving to a new position as a computational lexicographer with
Intelligent Text Processing of Santa Monica, California.

Anyone who needs to contact me, please use the following email address:

pdeane.btf at cyberus.ca

Thanks,

Paul Deane


From hartmut at EMMA.RUC.DK  Wed May 14 12:42:30 1997
From: hartmut at EMMA.RUC.DK (Hartmut Haberland)
Date: Wed, 14 May 1997 14:42:30 +0200
Subject: Non-expressible speech acts (fwd)
Message-ID: <WED.14.MAY.1997.144230.0200.>

I have been asked for references about speech acts without speech act verbs.
Jef Verschueren has written a paper, "The semantics of forgotten routines",
which is a chapter in his 1985 'What people say they do with words' book
(Ablex), and it also appeared as a chapter in Florian Coulmas' 1981 volume
'Conversational Routines' (Mouton).

Karen Ebert has repeatedly referred to the fact that Fering, a North Frisian
dialect spoken on the island of Foehr (Germany), has no speech act verbs at
all. Unfortunately, this doesn't seem to have come in print. Also, she
informs me, Fering has very few words for emotions since some things simply
are not talked about in the community. There is, e.g. no expression
for something like "I love you".

Regards, Hartmut Haberland


From kuzar at RESEARCH.HAIFA.AC.IL  Thu May 15 06:32:04 1997
From: kuzar at RESEARCH.HAIFA.AC.IL (Ron Kuzar)
Date: Thu, 15 May 1997 09:32:04 +0300
Subject: Schadenfreude
Message-ID: <THU.15.MAY.1997.093204.0300.KUZAR@RESEARCH.HAIFA.AC.IL>

This is Yael Wald's response to her query and discussion
on Schadenfreude.
Ron Kuzar
---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Thu, 15 May 1997 09:07:47 +0300
From: Yael Wald <ywald at study.haifa.ac.il>
To: Ron Kuzar <kuzar at research.haifa.ac.il>
Subject: Schadenfreude

On May 22, a conference on Pleasure-in-Other's-Misfortune will be held at
the university of Haifa. While i was working on a lecture for the
conference, with the head of the child development center in the
university, we have stumbled upon a question regarding the universality of
pleasure-in-other's-misfortune. Ron Kuzar kindly forwarded this issue to
Funknet.  I would like to thank all those who responded, i can say with
confidence that they have helped us with our pre-research.
The following conclusions were derived from the world-wide responses:

(1) Pleasure-in-Other's-Misfortune probably exist in every culture in
world. However, there are cultural differences in the ability to express
this emotion. Some languages (like Arabic) have created a special word for
the emotion, other's combined two words: joy and misfortune (like German).
In contrast to the neutral messages of joy+misfortune, there are languages
that combined the words evil (or malicious) and pleasure  (or joy),
pointing at the negative social value of this emotion. Some languages (like
English) do not have a single word for schadenfreude, so that if the
speaker wishes to express the existence of this emotion, he or she will
have to combine several words in order to create the expression. These
differences in the limitations on the verbal communication of emotions may
suggest differences in some aspects of emotional behavior.

(2) Not only researchers disagree among them on the definition of
Pleasure-in-Other's-Misfortune, but also languages and cultures. The broad
definition relates this emotion to every joy that arises when a bad thing
happens to somebody else. This includes a wide range of possible examples:
seeing someone slip on a banana, and watching a business competitor fail.
The narrow definition looks at related concepts to
pleasure-in-other's-misfortune such as revenge and envy, and suggests that
pleasure-in-other's-misfortune (in contrast to joy of victory or
accomplishments, and pleasure of funny situations) exists only when there
is some kind of a relationship between the one who suffers and the one who
enjoys the other's suffering. For example: when one's accomplishments or
behavior threatened the other. Not only the definition can vary from
culture to culture, but also the strength of the emotion, and the severity
of the damage that creates the pleasure.

There are many factors influencing pleasure-in-other's-misfortune,
including cultural values, family values, and details of the event such as,
did the sufferer deserved the misfortune, what was the severity of the
damage, what was the relationship between the two persons (for example, a
mother would not be happy to see her little child get hurt, but a person
may want to see his rival fail).
Linguistic studies help us to develop our understanding of the contribution
of each of the above factors.
You are welcome to visit our site at the following url:
research.haifa.ac.il/~benzeev

Best regards,

Yael Wald
Department of Psychology
University of Haifa


From bfox at SPOT.COLORADO.EDU  Thu May 15 16:09:15 1997
From: bfox at SPOT.COLORADO.EDU (Fox Barbara)
Date: Thu, 15 May 1997 10:09:15 -0600
Subject: CSDL Final Schedule (fwd)
Message-ID: <THU.15.MAY.1997.100915.0600.BFOX@SPOT.COLORADO.EDU>

---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Mon, 28 Apr 1997 19:21:48 -0600 (MDT)
From: "Laura A. Michaelis" <michaeli at spot.Colorado.EDU>
To: ling-dept at lists.Colorado.EDU
Cc: ics-members at PSYCH.COLORADO.EDU
Subject: CSDL Final Schedule
Resent-Date: Mon, 28 Apr 1997 19:25:15 -0600 (MDT)
Resent-From: "Laura A. Michaelis" <michaeli at spot.Colorado.EDU>
Resent-To: ABELL at PSYCH.COLORADO.EDU, AHEALY at PSYCH.COLORADO.EDU,
        BFOX at spot.Colorado.EDU, CJUDD at PSYCH.COLORADO.EDU,
        JROBERTS at PSYCH.COLORADO.EDU, LBOURNE at PSYCH.COLORADO.EDU,
        LHARVEY at PSYCH.COLORADO.EDU, MCPOLSON at PSYCH.COLORADO.EDU,
        RHASTIE at PSYCH.COLORADO.EDU, TAKI at PSYCH.COLORADO.EDU

Dear All,

Below is the final schedule for the Third Conference on Conceptual
Structure, Discourse and Language, to be held on campus over the Memorial
Day weekend. Registration is $20 for students and $40 for nonstudents. The
price of registration includes refreshments, a reception on Saturday
afternoon, and a banquet at the NCAR Mesa Lab on Sunday evening.

Laura Michaelis
Dan Jurafsky
Barbara Fox

CSDL '97 Program Committee

                        ***FINAL SCHEDULE***


                THE THIRD MEETING OF THE CONFERENCE
           ON CONCEPTUAL STRUCTURE, DISCOURSE AND LANGUAGE
                           C  S  D  L  3

                          MAY 24-26, 1997
                   UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO, BOULDER
    Department of Linguistics and the Institute of Cognitive Science

GENERAL INFORMATION. The conference will be in held in the historic Hale
Science Building on the west (mountain) side of the Boulder campus. For
information about registration, transportation, and lodging in Boulder,
see the CSDL'97 website:

http://stripe.colorado.edu/~linguist/CSDL.html

SCHEDULE. All talks and panel sessions to be held in Hale 270.

Saturday, May 24
REGISTRATION. 8-2.

8:40    OPENING REMARKS. Lise MENN, Chair, Department of Linguistics,
        CU-Bldr, Walter KINTSCH, Director, Institute of Cognitive Science,
        CU-Bldr

9:00    Herbert CLARK (Stanford), "Collateral Talk"

9:50    BREAK

10:10   Liang TAO (Ohio U), Barbara FOX and Jule GOMEZ DE GARCIA
        (CU-Bldr), "Recycling, Restructuring and Replacement in Repair:
        Slips of the Tone and Other Phenomena"
10:35   Robert ENGLEBRETSON (UCSB), "Why don't all the Adjectives Go
        there? Semantic Classification of Adjectives in Conversational English"
11:00   Christine BARTELS (U-OR), "The Pragmatics of English Question
        Intonation"
11:25   Steven FINCKE (UCSB), "The Syntactic Organization of Repair in
        Bikol"

11:50   LUNCH

1:00    Susanna CUMMING (UCSB), "When do Discourse-Functional and
        Cognitive Explanations Differ?"

2:00    RECEPTION (Koenig Alumni Center)

3:30    Dominiek SANDRA and Hubert CUYCKENS (U-Antwerp, Belgium),
        "Fuzziness in Dutch Prepositional Categories"
3:55    Elaine JONES (U-Chicago), "Some Reasons why Iconicity between
        Lexical Categories and their Discourse Functions isn't Perfect"
4:20    Grace SONG (NW-U), "A Typology of Motion Events and their
        Expression"
4:45    William THOMPSON and Beth LEVIN (NW-U), "The Semantics of English
        Deadjectival Verbs"
5:10    Ljuba VESELINOVA (Eastern MI-U/U-Stockholm), "Suppletion in Verb
        Inflection"
5:35    Meichun LIU (Nat'l Taiwan U), "Lexical Meaning and Discourse
        Patterning: The Three Cases of Mandarin 'build'"

6:00    DINNER

8:00    PANEL: "Historical Semantics".
                Participants:   William CROFT (Manchester),
                                Ronald LANGACKER (UCSD),
                                Elizabeth O'DOWD (St. Michael's College),
                                Eve SWEETSER (UCB),
                                Elizabeth TRAUGOTT (Stanford).

Sunday, May 25
REGISTRATION. 8-1.
0000
9:00    Walter KINTSCH (CU-Bldr), "Latent Semantic Analysis, Semantic
        Theory, and Discourse Processing"

9:50    BREAK

10:10   Lourdes DE LEON (Reed), "Why Verbs are Learnt before Nouns in
        Tzotzil (Mayan): The Role of Caregiver Input and of Verb-specific
        Semantics"
11:35   Chikako SAKURAI (Harvard/Japan Women's U), "A Cross-linguistic
        Study of Early Acquisition of Nouns and Verbs in English and Japanese"
11:00   Michael TOMASELLO and Patricia J. BROOKS (Emory), "Two- and
        Three-year-olds Learn to Produce Passives with Novel Verbs"
11:25   Virginia C. MUELLER-GATHERCOLE (U-Wales, Bangor),"Cue Coordination: An
        Alternative to Word Meaning Biases"

11:50   LUNCH

1:00    Dan I. SLOBIN (UCB), "There's More than One Way to Talk about
        Motion: Consequences of Linguistic Typology for Narrative Style"
1:50    Jean-Pierre KOENIG (SUNY-Buffalo), "On a tue' le pre'sident! The
        Nature of Passives and Ultra-indefinites"
2:15    Christopher JOHNSON (UCB), "The Semantics of 'Place', 'Time', and
        'Way' and their Strange Syntactic Behavior: A Construction Grammar
        Account"
2:40    Masuhiro NOMURA (Japan Women's U), "A Cognitive Grammar Approach
        to the Japanese Internally Headed Relative Clause Construction"

3:05    BREAK

3:20    Dan JACKSON, Maria POLINSKY, and Mary HARE (UCSD), "Historical
        Change in a Performance-based Model: From Latin Gender to Gender in
        French"
3:45    Kaoru HORIE (Tohoku U), "From Core to Periphery: A Study on the
        Directionality of Syntactic Change in Japanese"
4:10    Ryoko SUZUKI (Nat'l U-Singapore/UCSB), "Multifunctionality: The
        Developmental Path of the Quotative TTE in Japanese"

4:35    PANEL: "Text".
        Participants:   Susanna CUMMING (UCSB)
                        Gilles FAUCONNIER (UCSD)
                        Barbara FOX (CU-Bldr)
                        Arthur GLENBERG (UW-Madison)
                        Walter KINTSCH (CU-Bldr)

6:35    PARTY. Dinner reception at Mesa Lab Facility of National Center
        for Atmospheric Research. Busses leave from north side of Hale
        Building at 6:35. Return to Hale at 10:30.

Monday, May 26 (Memorial Day)

9:00    PANEL: "Space and Language"
        Participants:   Herbert CLARK (Stanford)
                        Annette HERSKOVITS (UCB)
                        Lise MENN (CU-Bldr)
                        Dan I. SLOBIN (UCB)
                        Leonard TALMY (SUNY-Buffalo)

11:00   BREAK

11:20   Elizabeth TRAUGOTT, "Subjectification as Externalization: a Study
        of the Development of Discourse Markers"

12:10   LUNCH

1:30    Seana COULSON and Gilles FAUCONNIER (UCSD), "Fake Guns and False
        Eyelashes: Conceptual Blending and Privative Adjectives"
1:55    Eve SWEETSER (UCB), "Coherent Structures in Metaphorical Gesture
        Use"
2:20    Yo MATSUMOTO (Meiji Gakuin U), "On the Extension of Body-part
        Terms to Object-part Nouns and Spatial Prepositions: Shape and
        Location in the Grammar and the Lexicon"

2:45    BREAK

3:00    George LAKOFF (UCB), "The System of Metaphors for Mind and the
        Conceptual System of Analytic Philosophy: A Study of the Metaphorical
        Constraints on Philosophical Discourse"


From dgohre at INDIANA.EDU  Fri May 16 02:13:29 1997
From: dgohre at INDIANA.EDU (david gohre)
Date: Thu, 15 May 1997 21:13:29 -0500
Subject: fMRI study of regular and irregular past tense (fwd)
Message-ID: <THU.15.MAY.1997.211329.0500.DGOHRE@INDIANA.EDU>

This may be of interest to FUNKNETTERS

---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Thu, 15 May 1997 16:19:46 +0100
From: Michael Ullman <michael at giccs.georgetown.edu>
To: info-childes at andrew.cmu.edu
Subject: fMRI study of regular and irregular past tense


My colleagues and I have recently carried out a
functional Resonance Magnetic Imaging (fMRI) study
of regular and irregular past tense production,
which may be of interest to some of you.

Five right-handed male native English speakers were shown the
stems of regular verbs (look) and irregular verbs (dig) on a screen,
and were asked to silently produce their past tense forms.
Twenty seconds of regulars (10 verbs) were followed by
20 seconds of fixation, 20 seconds of irregulars (10 verbs),
and 20 seconds of fixation.  This was repeated,
for a total of 80 regulars and 80 irregulars.
Signed Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistics were calculated for
three comparisons:  Regular vs. Fixation, Irregular vs. Fixation,
and Irregular vs. Regular.

We found overlapping as well as distinct patterns of brain activation
for the regular and irregular conditions.  Activation differences between
conditions were confirmed with time-course analyses.

For both the regular and irregular conditions, activation increases
were observed in inferior frontal cortex and the
basal ganglia (caudate nucleus).

However, a left prefrontal region was associated with an
activation increase for irregulars, but a decrease for regulars.
In contrast, left temporal and temporo-parietal regions were
associated with an activation decrease for irregulars, but
not for regulars. While the specific causes of these activation
decreases remain to be investigated, the double dissociations
between the frontal and temporal regions, for activation
decreases of regulars and irregulars, suggest that the two
types of past tense form are subserved by partially distinct
sets of brain structures, which may be linked to these two regions.

My colleagues and I are presenting these findings at the
Third International Conference on Functional Mapping
of the Human Brain in Copenhagen, on May 23.
The authors are Michael Ullman, Ruth Bergida, and Kathleen O'Craven.


Best,

Michael Ullman


************************************************
Michael Ullman
Assistant Professor
Institute for Cognitive and Computational Sciences
Georgetown University
3970 Reservoir Road NW
Washington, DC 20007
Phone: 202-687-6896
Fax: 202-687-0617
Email: michael at brain.georgetown.edu
************************************************




Michael Ullman
GICCS
3970 Reservoir Rd, NW
Georgetown University
Washington DC 20007
michael at giccs.georgetown.edu
tel: 202-687-6896
fax: 202-687-0617


From yishai at BGUMAIL.BGU.AC.IL  Sun May 18 12:45:55 1997
From: yishai at BGUMAIL.BGU.AC.IL (Yishai Tobin)
Date: Sun, 18 May 1997 15:45:55 +0300
Subject: Functional Phonology
Message-ID: <SUN.18.MAY.1997.154555.0300.YISHAI@BGUMAIL.BGU.AC.IL>

I would like to announce my new book:

Phonology as Human Behavior: Theoretical Implications and Clinical
Applications (1997, 408 pages, 47 charts, paperback $27.95, Duke
University Press (919-688-5134)

*Phonology as Human Behavior* brings work in human cognition, behavior and
communication to bear on the study of phonology.  The author extends the
ideas of William Diver as part of a new theory of phonology as human
behavior.  Showing the far-reaching psycho- and sociolinguistic utility of
this theory, the author demonstrates its applicability to the teaching of
phonetics, text analysis, first language acquisition, and functional and
organic speech and hearing disorders.  Of interest to specialists in
linguistics, developmental and clinical linguistics, and speech pathology,
*Phonology as Human Behavior* maintains that language in general and
phonology in particular are instances of human cognitive behavior and
provides a unique set of principles connecting the phylogeny, ontogeny,
and pathology of sound systems in human language.


From Beaumont_Brush at SIL.ORG  Mon May 19 20:38:00 1997
From: Beaumont_Brush at SIL.ORG (Beaumont_Brush at SIL.ORG)
Date: Mon, 19 May 1997 15:38:00 -0500
Subject: <Funk> Results of Phonology Survey
Message-ID: <MON.19.MAY.1997.153800.0500.>

     Cross-posted to Cogling, Funknet, Linguist, and Optimal

        A couple of weeks ago I posted a survey asking teachers and
     students of phonology what they felt were some of the more difficult
     aspects of learning phonological theory, as well as what the teachers
     found surprising that the students had trouble with. I also asked
     respondents to list the textbooks and articles that they had used in
     their classes. Kind thanks to those who responded to the survey:

     Satina Anziano             (no return with message)
     Anders Eriksson            anderse at ling.umu.se
     James L. Fidelholtz        jfidel at cen.buap.mx
     Mike Hammond               hammond at u.arizona.edu
     Bruce Hayes                bhayes at humnet.ucla.edu
     Yongsoon Kang              yskang at yurim.skku.ac.kr
     Bob Ladd                   bob at ling.ed.ac.uk
     Carl Mills                 carl.mills at uc.edu
     Andrea Osburne             osburnea at ccsua.ctstateu.edu
     Chris Palmer               palm0108 at maroon.tc.umn.edu
     David S. Rood              rood at spot.colorado.edu
     Jennifer Ruppert           ruppertj at carleton.edu
     Charles Scott              ctscott at facstaff.wisc.edu
     2 anonymous respondents

        The purpose of the survey was to confirm or disconfirm what I
     consider some common conceptual blocks that students of phonology
     face. I am presenting a paper at the Cognitive Linguistics Conference
     this summer on the contribution that cognitive linguistics can make to
     overcoming those blocks. You can see the abstract at
     http://www.vu.nl:8000/ICLC97/sisego.htm

     1. DIFFICULTIES

     1.1 Teachers
     The following are what teachers said their students had the most
     trouble with:

     -- It varies between individuals, but generally speaking they have
     hard time learning to see the underlying structure in the data - to
     disregard what is not important and to `see' the rules implicit in the
     data. Some even find it hard to realize that there can be rules at
     all.

     -- Learning to locate underlying representations, when they are not
     the same as the isolation form (or more precisely, the isolation form
     with allophonic rules "unapplied").  Thus:  German Final Devoicing,
     Catalan Final Cluster Simplification, etc.

     -- Rule system for stress assignment in English; the abstractness of
     underlying vowels to account for vowel alternations; just about
     everything that smacks of morphophonemics, indeed just about anything
     that seems to demand a willingness to accept analyses that do not
     correspond directly to the phonetic data.  (It seems to me that says
     simply "phonology" as opposed to phonetics!)

     -- When approaching a complicated problem, avoiding the trap of
     breaking down and writing a million morphological rules, rather than
     sticking with a simple morphology and letting phonology handle the
     system.  This is often related to the previous problem.

     -- Undergrad: they used to have real difficulty with rule ordering.

     -- The phoneme concept in different schools of linguistics; underlying
     representations.

     -- Neutralization and underlying forms / alternations.  More generally
     the phonemic principle, and the idea that things can be different but
     count as the same, or the same and count as different.

     -- Interactions between rules, constraints, etc.

     -- Post SPE: autosegmental phonology, Feature Geometry.

     -- Understanding the motivation for the theoretical framework, like
     using mathematical or geometrical notion.

     -- Grad I: they're introduced to OT, but lots of issues are only
     discussed in various pre-OT frameworks. It's real hard to integrate
     these.

     -- Hard to tell.  The really good ones never have a hard time; the
     not-so-good have trouble everywhere.

     -- It seems like they have trouble with just about everything equally.
      Perhaps learning that it's not true that "anything goes" is the
     hardest; it often seems like you can just fiddle with the theory any
     time you need a trick to make it work for a particular language.


     1.2 Students
     The following were reported by students as being the more difficult
     concepts to grasp.

     -- Underspecification and feature geometry - I'm not sure why this was
     hard! Maybe because there was no official, _correct_ position to
     learn.

     -- Metrical phenomena, stress, etc.  There seem to be very few good
     explanations of metrical phenomena and stress assignment in current
     textbooks.

     -- I have a very good teacher (a member of this list, actually) who
     has a knack for concise, cogent and lucid explanations.  Therefore,
     whatever difficulty I have is eliminated after a visit to his office
     hours.  But maybe I might say that the autosegmental description of
     tones gave me a bit of trouble.

     -- For our class, it was trying to figure out which approach we were
     using to solve any given problem, and therefore which approach would
     be acceptable.


     1.3 Surprises
     These were listed by teachers as things that surprised them that gave
     their students trouble:

     -- Relatively basic aspects (point of articulation, hearing
     differences, etc.)

     -- In intro courses, I am always surprised that they don't get the
     concept of "contrast" easily at all (that's been true for the 30 years
     I've been trying to teach it).

     -- I still don't really understand why the very basic notions of
     morphophonology are so difficult.

     -- I am a bit surprised though at how extremely difficult some
     students find it to structure the world around them into meaningful
     rules and representations.

     -- What surprises me most, I think--especially from American native
     speakers of English--is the apparent unwillingness to see why
     regularities of form should be accounted for, especially if, to do so,
     means positing relatively abstract representations.  Part of this, I
     suppose, has to do with the mindset of students who see themselves as
     teachers of pronunciation, intonation, etc., rather than as students
     of language structure and system. [This person teaches a class taken
     primarily by ESL teachers-in-training. -BNB]


     2. TEXBOOKS

     These textbooks were reported by teachers and students as being the
     ones they used in their classes. The number of responses are given
     after the entry if it was more than one.

     Burling, Patterns of Language

     Carr, Philip.1993. Phonology. Macmillan, Modern Linguistics series.
     (4)

     Chomsky, Noam, and Morris Halle. 1968. Sound Pattern of English.

     Durand, J & Katamba, F. Frontiers of Modern Phonology. Longman
     Linguistics Library.

     Durand, Jacques: Generative and Non-linear Phonology, Longman
     Linguistics Library. (2)

     Giegerich. English Phonology (2)

     Goldsmith, John. 1976. Autosegmental Phonology. MIT dissertation.

     Goldsmith, John. 1990. Autosegmental and Metrical Phonology.
     Cambridge: Blackwell.

     Goldsmith, John. 1995. The handbook of phonological theory. Cambridge:
     Blackwell.

     Halle, Morris and George Clements. Problem book in phonology.
     Cambridge: MIT Press.

     Hawkins, Peter. Introducing Phonology.

     Hayes, Bruce. 1995. Metrical Stress Theory. Chicago: University of
     Chicago Press. (2)

     Hyman.

     Jensen. English Phonology.

     Katamba, Francis. 1989. An introduction to phonology. London/New York:
     Longman.

     Kenstowicz, Michael, and Charles Kisseberth. 1979. Generative
     phonology. New York: Academic Press.

     Kenstowicz, Michael. 1994. Phonology in generative Grammar. Cambridge:
     Blackwell. (6)

     Ladefoged, Peter. 1993. A Course in Phonetics. Fort Worth: Harcourt
     Brace Jovanovich. (2)

     Lass, Roger. 1976. English phonology and phonological theory.
     Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

     Lass, Roger. 1984. Phonology. Cambridge University Press. (2)

     O'Grady, William, Michael Dobrovolsky, and Mark Aronoff. 1989.
     Contemporary linguistics. New York: St. Martins Press. (2)

     Prince, Alan and John McCarthy. Prosodic Morphology I. RuCCS TR-3. (3)

     Prince, Alan, and Paul Smolensky. Optimality theory.  Rutgers
     University ms. (3)

     Schane, Sanford. 1973. Generative phonology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:
     Prentice-Hall.

     Spencer, Andrew _Phonology_.

     Wolfram and Johnson's _Phonological Analysis:  Focus on American
     English_ (2).

     Bruce Hayes is writing his own this year.

     Charles Scott uses his own manuscript.

     3. ARTICLES

     Most respondents mentioned that their graduate-level classes used
     articles, but that the articles varied from year to year, so I have
     not listed them individually. Many said that they read chapters from
     the Goldsmith Handbook of Phonological Theory; one said that he asked
     each student to choose a chapter and report to the class.


From EKSTEDTP at ANZ.COM  Tue May 20 01:22:00 1997
From: EKSTEDTP at ANZ.COM (Ekstedt, Peter (GP))
Date: Tue, 20 May 1997 11:22:00 +1000
Subject: Results of Phonology Survey
Message-ID: <TUE.20.MAY.1997.112200.1000.EKSTEDTP@ANZ.COM>

>
>Cross-posted to Cogling, Funknet, Linguist, and Optimal
>

I'm a recent Funknet subscriber (and an M.A. student in Linguistics at
Monash University in Melbourne, Australia).

Are Cogling, Linguist and Optimal also mailing lists related to
Linguistics? If so, could someone please post their subscription
details?

Many thanks,
Peter Ekstedt
ekstedtp at anz.com


From coulson at COGSCI.UCSD.EDU  Wed May 21 16:46:21 1997
From: coulson at COGSCI.UCSD.EDU (Seana Coulson)
Date: Wed, 21 May 1997 09:46:21 -0700
Subject: Results of Phonology Survey
Message-ID: <WED.21.MAY.1997.094621.0700.COULSON@COGSCI.UCSD.EDU>

>Are Cogling, Linguist and Optimal also mailing lists related to
Linguistics? If so, could someone please post their subscription
details?

COGLING is a mailing list for discussion of issues and
announcement of papers, books, conferences related to
cognitive linguistics.
Subscribing and Unsubscribing to COGLING is easy !
If you know someone who wants to subscribe, tell him/her to send email
to listserv at ucsd.edu (that's listserv at ucsd.edu NOT cogling itself)
saying:  add cogling.  e.g.

To:  listserv at ucsd.edu
Subject:
Cc:

ADD myname at mymachine.un.edu COGLING

The listserv program will write you back as soon as you've been added to
the list.

On the other hand, if you want to get *off* the cogling list, send email
to listserv at ucsd.edu saying:  delete cogling.  e.g.

To:  listserv at ucsd.edu
Subject:
Cc:

DELETE me at address.com COGLING

The listserv program will write you back telling you that you're off
the list.

NOTE:  if you do not specify an email address in your ADD or UNSUB
messages to listserv at ucsd.edu the program will assume you mean the
address from which the message was sent.  also, listserv does not
care whether you use capitol (sp?) letters or not.


From tony at BENJAMINS.COM  Wed May 21 19:19:14 1997
From: tony at BENJAMINS.COM (Tony Schiavo)
Date: Wed, 21 May 1997 15:19:14 -0400
Subject: New books: Functional Linguistics
Message-ID: <WED.21.MAY.1997.151914.0400.TONY@BENJAMINS.COM>

New books from JOHN BENJAMINS PUBLISHING


Functional Linguistics


TOWARDS A CALCULUS OF MEANING. STUDIES IN MARKEDNESS, DISTINCTIVE FEATURES
AND DEIXIS
Edna Andrews & Yishai Tobin (eds.)
This volume contains papers presented at a symposium in honor of Cornelis
H. van Schooneveld and invited papers on the topics of invariance,
markedness, distinctive feature theory and deixis. It is not a Festschrift
in the usual sense of the word, but more of a collection of articles which
represent a very specific way of defining and viewing language and
linguistics. The specific approach presented in this volume has its origins
and inspirations in the theoretical and methodological paradigm of European
Structuralism in general, and the sign-oriented legacy of Ferdinand de
Saussure and Charles Sanders Peirce and the functional and
communication-oriented approach of the Prague School in particular.
The book is divided in three sections: Theoretical and Methodological
Overview: Cornelis H. van Schooneveld; Anatoly Liberman; Petr Sgall; Alla
Bemova and Eva Hajicova; Robert Kirsner. Studies in Russian and Slavic
Languages: Edna Andrews; Lawrence E. Feinberg; Annie Joly Sperling; Ronald
E. Feldstein; Irina Dologova and Elena Maksimova&&; Stefan M. Pugh.
Applications to Other Languages, Language Families, and Aphasia: Ellen
Contini-Morava; Barbara A. Fennell; Victor A. Friedman; Robert Fradkin;
Yishai Tobin; Mark Leikin.
1996 xxviii, 432 pp. Studies in Functional & Structural Linguistics, 43
US/Canada: Cloth: 1 55619 268 1  Price: US$99.00
Rest of the world: Cloth: 90 272 1552 9  Price: Hfl. 175,--


STUDIES IN ANAPHORA
Barbara Fox (ed.)
The last 15 years has seen an explosion of research on the topic of
anaphora. Studies of anaphora have been important to our understanding of
cognitive processes, the relationships between social interaction and
grammar, and of directionality in diachronic change. The contributions to
this volume represent the "next generation" of studies in anaphora -
defined broadly here as those morpho-syntactic forms available to speakers
for formulating reference - taking as their starting point the foundation
of research done in the 1980s. These studies examine in detail, and with a
richness of methods and theories, what patterns of anaphoric usage can
reveal to us about cognition, social interaction, and language change.
1996  xii, 518 pp.  Typological Studies in Language, 33
US/Canada: Cloth: 1 55619 641 5  Price: US$115.00
Paper: 1 55619 642 3  Price: $34.95
Rest of the world: Cloth: 90 272 2927 9  Price: Hfl. 200,--
Paper: 90 272 2928 7  Price: Hfl. 70,--


FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTIONS. THEORY IN PRACTICE
Ruqaiya Hasan, Carmel Cloran & David G. Butt (eds.)
This volume focuses on the relation between theory and description by
examining aspects of transitivity in different languages. Transitivity --
or case grammar, to use the popular term -- has always occupied a
center-stage position in linguistics, not least because of its supposedly
privileged relation to states of affairs in the real world. Using a
systemic functional perspective, the ten papers in this volume make a
contribution to this scholarship by focusing on the transitivity patterns
in language as the expression of the experiential metafunction. The
contributors provide functional descriptions of the various categories of
process, their participants and circumstances, including phenomena such as
di-transitivity, causativity, the get-passive, etc. The chapters point to
the nature of the linguistic fact which is linked ineluctably on the one
hand to the nature of the theory and on the other to the speakers'
experience of the world in which they live.
The majority of papers included in the volume derive from the 19th
International Systemic Functional Congress at Macquarie University.
1996  xxxvi, 381 pp.  Current Issues in Linguistic Theory, 121
US/Canada: Cloth: 1 55619 575 3  Price: $85.00
Rest of the world: 90 272 3624 0  Price: Hfl. 150,--


THE GRAMMAR OF POSSESSION. INALIENABILITY, INCORPORATION AND POSSESSOR
ASCENSION IN GUARANI
Maura Velazquez-Castillo
This volume is an exhaustive study of linguistic structures in Paraguayan
Guaraní which are directly or indirectly associated with the semantic
domain of inalienability. Constructions analyzed in the book include
adnominal and predicative possessive constructions, noun incorporation, and
possessor ascension. Examples are drawn from a rich data base that
incorporate native speaker intuitions and resources in the construction of
illustrative linguistic forms as well as the analysis of the communicative
use of the forms under study. The book provides a complete picture of
inalienability as a coherent integrated system of grammatical and semantic
oppositions in a language that has received little attention in the
theoretical linguistic literature.
The analysis moves from general principles to specific details of the
language while applying principles of Cognitive Grammar and Functional
Linguistics. There is an explicit aim to uncover the particularities of
form-meaning connections, as well as the communicative and discourse
functions of the structures examined. Other approaches are also considered
when appropriate, resulting in a theoretically informed study that contains
a rich variety of considerations.
1996  xvi, 274 pp.  Studies in Language Companion Series, 33
US/Canada: Cloth: 1 55619 844 2  Price: US$99.00
Rest of the world: Cloth: 90 272 3036 6  Price: Hfl. 175,--


THE CATEGORIES OF GRAMMAR. FRENCH 'LUI' AND 'LE'
Alan Huffman
1996 xii, 381 pp. Studies in Language Companion Series, 30
US/CANADA: Cloth: 1 55619 382 3  Price: US$120.00
Rest of the world: Cloth: 90 272 3033 1  Price: 200,--
John Benjamins Publishing web site: http://www.benjamins.com
For further information via e-mail: service at benjamins.com
This book offers an analysis of the French clitic object pronouns 'lui' and
'le' in the radically functional Columbia school framework, contrasting
this framework with sentence-based treatments of case selection. It
suggests that features of the sentence such as subject and object
relations, normally taken as pretheoretical categories of observation about
language, are in fact part of a theory of language which does not withstand
empirical testing. It shows that the correct categories are neither those
of structural case nor those of lexical case, but rather, semantic ones.
Traditionally, anomalies in the selection of dative and accusative case in
French, such as case government, use of the dative for possession and
disadvantaging, its use in the 'faire'-causative construction, and other
puzzling distributional irregularities have been used to support the idea
of an autonomous, non-functional central core of syntactic phenomena in
language. The present analysis proposes semantic constants for 'lui' and
'le' which render all their occurrences explicable in a straightforward
way. The same functional perspective informs issues of cliticity and
pronominalization as well.
The solution offered here emerges from an innovative 'instrumental' view of
linguistic meaning, an acknowledgment that communicative output is
determined only partially and indirectly by purely linguistic input, with
extralinguistic knowledge and human inference bridging the gap. This
approach entails identification of the pragmatic factors influencing case
selection and a reevaluation of thematic-role theory, and reveals the
crucial impact of discourse on the structure as well as the functioning of
grammar. One remarkable feature of the study is its extensive and varied
data base. The hypothesis is buttressed by hundreds of fully contextualized
examples and large-scale counts drawn from modern French texts.
This volume will be of interest to those interested in any of the following
topics:
case; case government; categories of observation vs. categories of
explanation; causative construction; cliticity; clitics; Columbia School;
communication; context-based grammar; data; dative; dative of possession;
dative of the disadvantaged; direct object; discourse: impact on grammar;
French; French pronouns; functional grammar; functionalism; government;
grammatical relations; grammatical theory; indirect object; instrumental
meaning; lexical case; linguistic theory; maleficiary; non-modularity;
possession; pragmatic factors in case selection; pronominalization; pronoun
systems; quantitative use of data; radical functionalism; Romance
languages; semantics; semantic constants; semantic systems; semantics of
grammar; sentence; sentence parts; sentence-based theory of case selection;
structural case; thematic roles; traditional grammar.

--------------------------------------------------------------
Anthony P. Schiavo Jr              Tel: (215) 836-1200
Publicity/Marketing                Fax: (215) 836-1204
John Benjamins North America       e-mail: tony at benjamins.com
PO Box 27519
Philadelphia PA  19118-0519

Check out the John Benjamins web site at
http://www.benjamins.com


From Jiansheng.Guo at VUW.AC.NZ  Wed May 21 21:18:58 1997
From: Jiansheng.Guo at VUW.AC.NZ (Jiansheng Guo)
Date: Thu, 22 May 1997 09:18:58 +1200
Subject: use of personal names in naturalistic interactions
Message-ID: <THU.22.MAY.1997.091858.1200.JIANSHENG.GUO@VUW.AC.NZ>

Dear Funknet Colleagues,

We are working on the gender differences in using personal names among English-
speaking and Mandarin-speaking children.  If you can give us any reference
on the functions of using personal names in interactive discourse, we would
really appreciate it.

One obvious, though not so interesting, function is to get attention.  Also
there is the variation of different address terms for power and social distance.
But since children simply use first names (or full names in the Chinese case),
we are primarily interested in studies about why children (or people) use
names at all, and what pragmatic/discourse functions they serve verses
utterances without names.

Thanks so much for your help in advance.

All my best,

Guo

Jiansheng Guo
Psychology Department
Victoria University of Wellington
New Zealand

P.S.  Apologies for reduplication if you happen to be on the CHILDES list as
      well.


From daniel.nettle at MERTON.OXFORD.AC.UK  Thu May 22 10:40:15 1997
From: daniel.nettle at MERTON.OXFORD.AC.UK (Daniel Nettle)
Date: Thu, 22 May 1997 11:40:15 +0100
Subject: Appeal: Inflectional morphology cross-linguistic database
Message-ID: <THU.22.MAY.1997.114015.0100.DANIEL.NETTLE@MERTON.OXFORD.AC.UK>

Inflectional Morphology Database
or
What's the point of inflectional morphology anyway?

Dear Funknetters,
I am currently interested in looking at how the distinctions expressed
morphologically in languages with rich systems of morphological marking are
realised in languages which lack it, if they are. In a language such as
Mangarayi (Merlan 1982) where inflectional morphology is highly developed,
morphology takes over almost all the marking of grammatical relations from
syntax, but it also does much more. Nominal morphology replaces the category
of PP, and allows pronouns in many sentences to be dropped, whilst verbal
inflection replaces not only tense and aspect marking words but some adverbs.
The questions which obviously arise are: (a) diachronically, why do some
languages come to achieve morphologically what others do syntactically;
and (b) synchronically, what are the systemic consequences of having more
or less developed inflection.

I am appealing for help in building up a cross-linguistic database relevant
to these issues. The data required are a set of simple sentences translated
into a large number of different languages. The languages I am interested are
listed below. They are drawn from a standard cross-linguistic sampling frame.
I would like data from as many of them as possible, though I appreciate that
in practice only a small proportion can be done.

To respond for a particular language requires both competence in the language
(or access to native speakers) AND linguistic expertise on it (since
phonological transcription and interlinear glosses are required). I will be
extremely grateful if readers can contribute on languages with which they are
familiar.  I will post results on the Internet and also make the data available
to anyone who contributes and is interested. The questionnaire is available
from my website at:
http://users.ox.ac.uk/~mert0362

- or by e-mailing me at:
Daniel.Nettle at merton.ox.ac.uk

- or by post from:
Daniel Nettle
Merton College
Oxford
OX1 4JD, UK.

Many thanks in anticipation to all!
Daniel Nettle

List of languages follows (sorry all the diacritics are lost):

African languages
Amharic
Dizi
Fulfulde
Gbeya
Hausa
Ik
!Kung
Logbara
Luganda
Maasai
Mandinka
Nama (Hottentot)
Nera
Orig (Kordofanian)
Oromo
Sandawe
Songhai
Yoruba

South and South-East Asian Languages
Acehnese
Fur
Gurung
Kota
Temiar
Thai

Languages from New Guinea and Oceania
Abelam
Alamblak
Amele
Arapesh
Asmat
Awtuw
Drehu
Hua
Kate
Kewa
Kiwai
Kobon
Kombai
Nasioi
Ponapean
Salt-Yui
Sentani
Suena
Sulka
Telefol
Vanimo
West Futuna
Yali
Yessan-Mayo
Yimas

Australian Languages
Djingili
Dyirbal
Garawa
Gunwinggu
Kuniyanti / Gooniyandi
Malak-Malak
Maung
Nunggubuyu
Nyigina
Tiwi
Ungarinjin / Ngarinjin
Uradhi
Warndarang
Western Desert / Pintupi
Yukulta


Central and South American Languages
Axininca Campa
Canela-Kraho
Cashinahua
Cayuvava
Chontal
Guarani
Hixkaryana
Huallaga Quechua
Huave
Jaqaru
Jivaro
Mixe
Mixtec
Nambiquara
Pipil
Piraha
Tarascan
Tepehua
Tzutujil
Yagua


From nakayama at HUMANITAS.UCSB.EDU  Sat May 24 05:56:09 1997
From: nakayama at HUMANITAS.UCSB.EDU (Toshihide Nakayama)
Date: Fri, 23 May 1997 22:56:09 -0700
Subject: SUM: course ideas - Lg & Culture, Lgs of the World
Message-ID: <FRI.23.MAY.1997.225609.0700.NAKAYAMA@HUMANITAS.UCSB.EDU>

Dear everyone,

A while ago I asked for help with the courses I am going to teach,
_Languages of the World_ and _Language and Culture_.

This is a belated summary of responses I got.  I'd like to thank the
following people for the time they took to give me help:

        Andrej A. Kibrik
        Keith Denning
        Noel Rude
        Yuphaphann Hoonchamlong
        Ellen Contini-Morava
        Nicholas Ostler
        Matthew S Dryer
        Alessandro Duranti
        Madeline Maxwell

==================================================
**** For the _Languages of the World_ course ****
==================================================

>>From Andrej A. Kibrik:

A friend of mine in Moscow who is teaching Languages of the WOrld has
written a book with the same title, based on his teaching experience. It
is
addressed, though to a broader audience, like high school students, but
you
might find a lot of handy information there. THe only (but big) problem is
that it is in Russian.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------


>>From Noel Rude:

        A number of years ago I helped develop an intro-level undergrad
course
titled "Languages of the World".  The course sprang from the observation
that in our obsession with scientific principles most of our students
were terribly ignorant of basic facts.  It seemed good that they should
know something about Bantu.  In all our other courses we teach
principles, methodology, how to DO linguistics, and this is good.  But
we were old fashioned.  We thought students ought to know some specific
facts too.

        The course was organized according to three criteria:  1) Typology
(tone lgs., obstruent typologies, the Schleicherian typologies, areal
phenomena like serialization, etc.), 2) Genetic relationships (students
ought to know about Indo-European, Sino-Tibetan, Bantu, Sumerian, the
diversity in the Americas and New Guinea, etc.), and 3) Geography
(divide the world into regions and learn something specific about each).

        There was a packet of handouts and an article or two, and we used
the
two books edited by Timothy Shopen (Languages and their Status, forget
the name of the other) to gave students the opportunity to look at some
"exotic" languages.

        I feel the course was a success.  But alas it's a struggle.  Many
students resist knowing specific facts about the world.  They want to
rap about urban situations, languages in contact, language planning
problems--they don't want to know about Dravidian or where Gilyak is
spoken or the spread of Bantu.  I may sound cynical, but I still think
the effort is worthwhile.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------


>>From Yuphaphann Hoonchamlong:

For Lgs of the World's textbook: Bernard Comrie's "The world's major
languages. Ethnologue database also is interesting (located at
www.sil.org)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------



>>From Ellen Contini-Morava:

For the Languages of the World class I would recommend taking a look at
one or both of the companion volumes, Languages and Their Speakers and
Languages and Their Status, ed. by Tim Shopen and published (paperback) by
U Penn. Press.  Each book has a chapter each devoted to a language and
written by a specialist in that language, including linguistic description
and socio-cultural information.  The linguistic descriptions include
simple exercises (with answers) that the reader can do, that familiarize
readers with concepts like ergativity, expression of various kinds of
spatial relationships, etc. The languages include Malagasy, Guugu
Yimidhirr, Russian, Japanese, Jacaltec, Maninke, Swahili etc.  I regularly
use one or two chapters in a Language and Culture (lower level
undergraduate)  class, and they have been successful.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------


>>From Nicholas Ostler:

I have just come across Anatole V. Lyovin - An Introduction to the
Languages of the World, published this year by Oxford University Press in
Nrew York (ISBN  0-19-508115-3, and 0-19-508116-1 Paperback).

This seems an excellent compilation in one volume of all the information
that the originator of this thread seemed to be looking for, with genetic
classifications and typological evocations of languages all round the
world, and an appendix of language maps drawn from W. Bright's
Encyclopaedia of Linguistics.  In terms of space, the Americas are rather
over-represented, but hey, it's an American book.  (Europe too is grossly
over-represented of course, but we're used to that.)

So there is a text book now, for that survey of the world's languages.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------


>>From Matthew Dryer:

I teach a course on the Lgs of the World, a freshman general education
course for nonmajors.  I have tried using Shopen's Languages and their
Status and Languages and their Speakers, but found the chapters too
detailed.  I have more recently tried packets of readings, many of them
encyclopedia articles.  I am planning next time to use a new book "The
Atlas of Languages" edited by Comrie, Matthews, and Polinksy, if I can get
it in a softcover version that is not too expensive.  Another new book
that is a possibility though I'm not overwhelmed by it is "An Introduction
to the Languages of the World" by Anatole Lyovin.  In addition to the
text, I use a detailed handbook containing what would otherwise be my own
handouts.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------


In addition to the above, Keith Denning and Matthew Dryer generously sent
me their syllabi.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------


==================================================
**** For the _Languages and Culture_ course ****
==================================================

>>From Alessandro Duranti:

 I have been teaching a large lower division undergraduate class on
Culture
and communication using a variety of articles. You can see the syllabus
and
other information on my web site:

http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/anthro/faculty/duranti

  I also just finished a textbook for Cambridge University Press called
"Linguistic Anthropology" to be used with upper division and graduate
courses. It should be out in August.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------


Yuphaphann Hoonchamlong

>    - what kind of things you would put in such courses

For language and culture: Sapir-Whorf hypothesis and later studies on
that.
(including Lakoff's book: Women Fire and Dangerous things.).Perhaps some
cross cultural
communication thing too.
A friend of mine taught an undergrad course in Cross cultural Comm. She
has
on on-line course at:
http://www.siu.edu/~ekachai/301.html. You might find some interesting
link from there.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------



Madeline Maxwell has web sites for an undergrad course in Language and
Communication and a grad course in Language, Culture & Communication.

http://www.utexas.edu/courses/maxwell/teach/314/index.htm
http://www.utexas.edu/courses/maxwell/teach/386/index.htm

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------





****************************
  Toshihide NAKAYAMA
  Dept. of Linguistics
  U of California
  Santa Barbara, CA  93117
****************************


From nakayama at HUMANITAS.UCSB.EDU  Sat May 24 17:04:41 1997
From: nakayama at HUMANITAS.UCSB.EDU (Toshihide Nakayama)
Date: Sat, 24 May 1997 10:04:41 -0700
Subject: SUM: course ideas - Lg & Culture, Lgs of the World
Message-ID: <SAT.24.MAY.1997.100441.0700.NAKAYAMA@HUMANITAS.UCSB.EDU>

The first time I tried this message got bounced back, so I will send it
again.  I apologize if this is a duplicate.
----------------------------------------------

Dear everyone,

A while ago I asked for help with the courses I am going to teach,
_Languages of the World_ and _Language and Culture_.

This is a belated summary of responses I got.  I'd like to thank the
following people for the time they took to give me help:

        Andrej A. Kibrik
        Keith Denning
        Noel Rude
        Yuphaphann Hoonchamlong
        Ellen Contini-Morava
        Nicholas Ostler
        Matthew S Dryer
        Alessandro Duranti
        Madeline Maxwell

==================================================
**** For the _Languages of the World_ course ****
==================================================

>>From Andrej A. Kibrik:

A friend of mine in Moscow who is teaching Languages of the WOrld has
written a book with the same title, based on his teaching experience. It
is
addressed, though to a broader audience, like high school students, but
you
might find a lot of handy information there. THe only (but big) problem is
that it is in Russian.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------



>>From Noel Rude:

        A number of years ago I helped develop an intro-level undergrad
course
titled "Languages of the World".  The course sprang from the observation
that in our obsession with scientific principles most of our students
were terribly ignorant of basic facts.  It seemed good that they should
know something about Bantu.  In all our other courses we teach
principles, methodology, how to DO linguistics, and this is good.  But
we were old fashioned.  We thought students ought to know some specific
facts too.

        The course was organized according to three criteria:  1) Typology
(tone lgs., obstruent typologies, the Schleicherian typologies, areal
phenomena like serialization, etc.), 2) Genetic relationships (students
ought to know about Indo-European, Sino-Tibetan, Bantu, Sumerian, the
diversity in the Americas and New Guinea, etc.), and 3) Geography
(divide the world into regions and learn something specific about each).

        There was a packet of handouts and an article or two, and we used
the
two books edited by Timothy Shopen (Languages and their Status, forget
the name of the other) to gave students the opportunity to look at some
"exotic" languages.

        I feel the course was a success.  But alas it's a struggle.  Many
students resist knowing specific facts about the world.  They want to
rap about urban situations, languages in contact, language planning
problems--they don't want to know about Dravidian or where Gilyak is
spoken or the spread of Bantu.  I may sound cynical, but I still think
the effort is worthwhile.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------



>>From Yuphaphann Hoonchamlong:

For Lgs of the World's textbook: Bernard Comrie's "The world's major
languages. Ethnologue database also is interesting (located at
www.sil.org)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------




>>From Ellen Contini-Morava:

For the Languages of the World class I would recommend taking a look at
one or both of the companion volumes, Languages and Their Speakers and
Languages and Their Status, ed. by Tim Shopen and published (paperback) by
U Penn. Press.  Each book has a chapter each devoted to a language and
written by a specialist in that language, including linguistic description
and socio-cultural information.  The linguistic descriptions include
simple exercises (with answers) that the reader can do, that familiarize
readers with concepts like ergativity, expression of various kinds of
spatial relationships, etc. The languages include Malagasy, Guugu
Yimidhirr, Russian, Japanese, Jacaltec, Maninke, Swahili etc.  I regularly
use one or two chapters in a Language and Culture (lower level
undergraduate)  class, and they have been successful.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------



>>From Nicholas Ostler:

I have just come across Anatole V. Lyovin - An Introduction to the
Languages of the World, published this year by Oxford University Press in
Nrew York (ISBN  0-19-508115-3, and 0-19-508116-1 Paperback).

This seems an excellent compilation in one volume of all the information
that the originator of this thread seemed to be looking for, with genetic
classifications and typological evocations of languages all round the
world, and an appendix of language maps drawn from W. Bright's
Encyclopaedia of Linguistics.  In terms of space, the Americas are rather
over-represented, but hey, it's an American book.  (Europe too is grossly
over-represented of course, but we're used to that.)

So there is a text book now, for that survey of the world's languages.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------



>>From Matthew Dryer:

I teach a course on the Lgs of the World, a freshman general education
course for nonmajors.  I have tried using Shopen's Languages and their
Status and Languages and their Speakers, but found the chapters too
detailed.  I have more recently tried packets of readings, many of them
encyclopedia articles.  I am planning next time to use a new book "The
Atlas of Languages" edited by Comrie, Matthews, and Polinksy, if I can get
it in a softcover version that is not too expensive.  Another new book
that is a possibility though I'm not overwhelmed by it is "An Introduction
to the Languages of the World" by Anatole Lyovin.  In addition to the
text, I use a detailed handbook containing what would otherwise be my own
handouts.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------



In addition to the above, Keith Denning and Matthew Dryer generously sent
me their syllabi.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------


---------------------------------------------------------------------------



==================================================
**** For the _Languages and Culture_ course ****
==================================================

>>From Alessandro Duranti:

 I have been teaching a large lower division undergraduate class on
Culture
and communication using a variety of articles. You can see the syllabus
and
other information on my web site:

http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/anthro/faculty/duranti

  I also just finished a textbook for Cambridge University Press called
"Linguistic Anthropology" to be used with upper division and graduate
courses. It should be out in August.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------



Yuphaphann Hoonchamlong

>    - what kind of things you would put in such courses

For language and culture: Sapir-Whorf hypothesis and later studies on
that.
(including Lakoff's book: Women Fire and Dangerous things.).Perhaps some
cross cultural
communication thing too.
A friend of mine taught an undergrad course in Cross cultural Comm. She
has
on on-line course at:
http://www.siu.edu/~ekachai/301.html. You might find some interesting
link from there.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------




Madeline Maxwell has web sites for an undergrad course in Language and
Communication and a grad course in Language, Culture & Communication.

http://www.utexas.edu/courses/maxwell/teach/314/index.htm
http://www.utexas.edu/courses/maxwell/teach/386/index.htm

---------------------------------------------------------------------------


---------------------------------------------------------------------------






****************************
  Toshihide NAKAYAMA
  Dept. of Linguistics
  U of California
  Santa Barbara, CA  93117
****************************


From susan at UTAFLL.UTA.EDU  Mon May 26 18:36:25 1997
From: susan at UTAFLL.UTA.EDU (Susan Herring)
Date: Mon, 26 May 1997 13:36:25 CDT
Subject: linguistic definition of poetry
Message-ID: <MON.26.MAY.1997.133625.CDT.SUSAN@UTAFLL.UTA.EDU>

Was there a linguist (someone from the Prague School, perhaps?) who wrote
that poetry is "anything that does violence to the language"?  I seem to
remember reading this some years ago, but cannot now locate the source.

Thanks,
Susan Herring


From Bernd.Heine at UNI-KOELN.DE  Tue May 27 10:24:08 1997
From: Bernd.Heine at UNI-KOELN.DE (Bernd.Heine at UNI-KOELN.DE)
Date: Tue, 27 May 1997 12:24:08 +0200
Subject: Endangered languages
Message-ID: <TUE.27.MAY.1997.122408.0200.>

SYMPOSIUM ON ENDANGERED LANGUAGES IN AFRICA
>>From  31  July to 1 August, a symposium on African languages threatened by
extinction will be held at the University of Leipzig, Germany. One of the
main goals of the symposium is to find more reliable information on the
nature and magnitude of language endangerment. The symposium is part of the
Second World Congress of African Linguistics (27 July - 3 August, 1997).
More information can be obtained from:
Bernd Heine/
Matthias Brenzinger
Institut fuer Afrikanistik
Universitaet zu Koeln
50923 Koeln, Germany
Fax: 0049 221 470 5158
Email: bernd.heine at uni-koeln.de


From auwera at UIA.UA.AC.BE  Wed May 28 10:06:48 1997
From: auwera at UIA.UA.AC.BE (Johan.VanDerAuwera)
Date: Wed, 28 May 1997 12:06:48 +0200
Subject: ALT II
Message-ID: <WED.28.MAY.1997.120648.0200.AUWERA@UIA.UA.AC.BE>

ALT II
Second International Conference of the Association for Linguistic Typology
(ALT), September 11 - 14 (Thursday through Sunday) 1997, Eugene, OR

PROGRAM


THURSDAY SEPTEMBER 11

8:45-9:00    WELCOME! (by ALT Officers)

9:00-9:30    Jan Rijkhoff & Dik Bakker (University of Amsterdam)
             Typology and language sampling
9:30-10:00   Michael Cysouw (University of Nijmegen)
             Languages floating in 'head-dependent' space:
             Implications of a large-scale geographic patterns
10:00-10:30  Leon Stassen (University of  Nijmegen)
             A-languages and B-languages: Parameter clusterings
             in the languages of the world
10:30-11:00  J. Diego Quesada (University of Toronto)
             Preference as a typological parameter: A test case

11:00-11:30  COFFEE BREAK

11:30-12:00  Walter Bisang (Johannes Gutenberg-Universitaet
             Mainz)
             A typology of classifiers in East and Southeast
             Asian languages: Counting and beyond
12:00-12:30  William McGregor (University of Melbourne)
             Verb classification in North-west Australia


12:30-2:00   LUNCH BREAK

2:00-2:30    Anna Siewierska (Lancaster University)
             On nominal and verbal person marking
2:30-3:00    Kari Fraurud (Stockholm University)
             Possessives in extensive use: A source of definite
             articles?
3:00-3:30    Vera I. Podlesskaya (Russian State University of
             Humanities)
             Coordination and subordination in clause
             combining: Resumption as a clause linking device


3:30-4:00    COFFEE BREAK

4:00-5:00    SPECIAL LECTURE
             Joseph H. Greenberg, (Ray Lyman Wilbur Professor
             of Social Science, Emeritus, Stanford University)
             "The relation of historical linguistics to
             typology"

 5:00-7:00   DINNER BREAK

             NATIVE LANGUAGES OF OREGON WORKSHOP

7:00-7:30    Matthew Dryer (SUNY Buffalo)
             Optional ergative marking in Hanis Coos
7:30-8:00    Noel Rude (Conf. Tribes of the Umatilla)
             Split ergativity in Sahaptian
8:00-8:30    Janne Underriner (University of Oregon)
             Adjectivals in Klamath

8:30-9:00    COFFEE BREAK

9:00-9:30    Timothy Thornes (University of Oregon)
             Instrumental prefixes in Northern Paiute
9:30-10:00   TBA
10:00-10:30  Scott DeLancey (University of Oregon)
             Bipartite verbs in Western North America



FRIDAY  SEPTEMBER 12

9:00-9:30    Giulia Bencini (University of Colorado)
             Classification and explanation of yes/no
             question markers
9:30-10:00   Ferdinand de Haan (University of New Mexico)
             Evidentiality and epistemic modality
10:00-10:30  Johan van der Auwera (Universiteit Antwerpen)
             On the typology of negative modals

10:30-11:00  COFFEE BREAK

SESSION A

11:00-11:30  Fengxiang Li (California State University, Chico)
             & Lindsay J. Whaley (Dartmouth College)
             A cross-linguistic examination of causative,
             intensive and reciprocal
11:30-12:00  Tarek Ahmed (Universitaet zu Koeln)
             Control, initiation and event-construal:
             The semantic relaion between causatives,
             factitives and permissives
12:00-12:30  Mily Crevels (University of Amsterdam)
             Concession: A cross-linguistic approach

SESSION B

11:00-11:30  Sidney da Silva Facundes (SUNY at Buffalo)
             Word order in Apurina(Maipuran)
11:30-12:00  Jon Aske (UC Berkeley)
             Focus position as the main parameter of
             word order typology
12:00-12:30  Maria Polinsky (University of Southern
             California/UC San Diego)
             VSO and VOS: Differences and similarities

12:30-2:00   LUNCH BREAK

SESSION A

2:00-2:30    Greville Corbett (University of Surrey)
             A typology of nominal number system: values
             and constraints
2:30-3:00    Dik Bakker (University of Amsterdam)
             Competing motivations: a basis for typologies

SESSION B

2:00-2:30    Elena Maslova (Universitaet Bielefeld /
             St. Petersburg Institute for Linguistic Research)
             "Mixed" topic types and "optimal" topic encoding
2:30-3:00    Oesten Dahl & Maria Koptjevskaja Tamm
             (Stockholm University)
             Kinship in grammar

3:00-3:30    COFFEE BREAK

3:30-4:00   Jennifer Fitzpatrick-Cole & Aditi Lahiri
            (Universitaet Konstanz)
            Phonological phrasing, focus and intonation
4:00-4:30    Marika Butskhrikidze (Institute of Oriental Studies,
            Tbilisi/Leiden University)
            Distribution of consonant clusters in relation
            with fixed accent placement

4:30-5:00   Joan Bybee, Paromita Chakraborti, Dagmar
            Jung & Joanne Scheibman (University of New Mexico)
            Prosody and segmental effect: Some paths of
            evolution for word stress

5:00        Business meeting


SATURDAY  September 13


SESSION A

9:00-9:30    Stephen Matthews (University of Hong Kong)
             Relative clauses and the word order typology of
             Chinese: A parsing perspective
9:30-10:00   Regina Wu, Amy Meepoe & Foong Ha Yap (UCLA)
             The contribution of inherent lexical semantics to
             the interpretation of temporal reference in
             tenseless languages
10:00-10:30  Kaoru Horie (Tohoku University)
             Functional continuum "genitive - pronominal -
             complementizer": Cross-linguistic evidence from
             Cantonese, English, Japanese, Korean and
             Mandarin Chinese


10:30-11:00  COFFEE BREAK

11:00-11:30  Wolfgang Schellinger (Universitaet Konstanz)
             Dual number and cultural complexity
11:30-12:00  Zygmunt Frayzyngier & Erin Shay (University
             of Colorado)
             The grammatical function of nominal classes: A
             system interaction approach
12:00-12:30  Inga Dolinina (McMaster University)
             Event-plurality: Grammatical status and semantic
             type

12:30-2:00   LUNCH BREAK

2:00-2:30    Bernard Comrie (University of Southern California)
             & Maria Polinsky (University of Southern
             California/UC San Diego)
             The great Dhagestan case hoax
2:30-3:00    Matthew Dryer (SUNY Buffalo)
             Postpositional clitics vs. case suffixes
3:00-3:30    Balthasar Bickel (Universitaet Zuerich)
             The syntax of double marking languages
3:30-4:00    Ritsuko Kikusawa (ILCAA, Tokyo University of
             Foreign Studies)
             Determination of transitive structures in
             Polynesian languages: With special reference to
             Tongan

4:00-4:30   COFFEE BREAK

4:30-5:00   Johannes Helmbrecht (Universitaet zu Koeln)
            The autonomy of person marking: On the
            morphological correlation of person and TAM
            categories
5:00-5:30   Per Durst-Andersen (Copenhagen Business School)
            Two types of aspectual systems



SESSION B: WORKSHOP ON THE TYPOLOGY OF PART-OF-SPEECH SYSTEMS

9:00-9:30   Kees Hengeveld (UvA Amasterdam), Jan N.M. Rijkhoff
            (UvA Amsterdam) & Anna Siewierska (Lancaster)
            Part-of-speech system as a basic typological
            parameter
9:30-10:00  Casper de Groot (IFOTT/UvA Amsterdam)
            Parts of speech and derivation
10:00-10:30 William Croft (Manchester)
            Parts of speech as language universals and as
            language-particular categories

10:30-11:00 COFFEE BREAK

11:00-11:30 Paul J. Hopper (Carnegie Mellon University)
            How do we do verbs? A contribution to the discourse
            study of categories
11:30-12:00 Jan Anward (Stockholm) and Leon Stassen (Nijmegen)
            Loss of part-of-speech distinctions
12:00-12:30 Petra M. Vogel (Osnabrueck)
            A new explanation for the de-grammaticalization of
            the English word-class system

12:30-2:00  LUNCH BREAK

2:00-2:30   Maria-Koptjevskaja-Tamm (Stockholm) and Frans Plank
            (Aarhus)
            Kinds of adnominals: adjectives, nouns, and
            in between
2:30-3:00   Marianne Mithun (Santa Barbara)
            Noun and verb in Iroquoian
3:00-3:30   Edith Moravcsik (Milwaukee)
            Hungarian adjectives from a typological point
            of view
3:30-4:00   Juergen Broschart (Koeln)
            'Unnatural morphology' in a natural language:
            lexicon-syntax interaction in Nama (Khoekhoe)

4:00-4:30   COFFEE BREAK

4:30-5:00   David Gil (Kuala Lumpur)
            Syntactic categories in Riau Indonesian
5:00-5:30    Inger Ahlgren (Stockholm) & Brita Bergman(Stockholm)
            Parts of speech in Swedish Sign Language

5:30-6:00   Summary of the workshop


6:00-8:00   DINNER BREAK

8:00-11:00  PARTY


SUNDAY  SEPTEMBER 14

9:00-9:30   Alexandr Kibrik (Moscow State University)
            A typology of experiential verbs
9:30-10:00  Martin Haspelmath (Free University of
            Berlin/University of Bamberg)
            Adpositions of temporal sequence and temporal
            distance: lessons from a cross-linguistic study
10:00-10:30 Kumiko Ichihashi-Nakayama (UC Santa Barbara)
            A study on the typology and universals of
            applicatives

10:30-11:00 COFFEE BREAK

11:00-11:30 Masayoshi Shibatani (Kobe University)
            Semantic parameters for intransitive-based passives
11:30-12:00 Dan I. Slobin (UC Berkeley)
            There is more than one way to talk about motion:
            Consequences of linguistic typology for narrative
            style


PRACTICAL INFORMATION


ALT II will be held on the campus of the University of Oregon,
Eugene, OR, USA.  The main sessions will be in Gilbert Hall 231.

Registration fee for the conference will be $20; this will be
waived for students.  Morning and afternoon refreshments will
be provided for conference-goers.

There is no need for preregistration unless someone needs some
sort of letter from here in order to get funding or permission
for their travel.  Anyone with this or any other problem should
contact Scott Delancey, the local organizer.

   Scott Delancey
   Department of Linguistics
   University of Oregon
   Eugene, OR 97403
   USA
   delancey at darkwing.uoregon.edu
   Fax +1-541-3463917


There are no international flights directly into Eugene.  There
are convenient connections to San Francisco, Portland, and
Seattle, all of which have abundant flights to and from Europe
and Asia. The taxi ride from the airport to campus or nearby
motels is neither long nor terribly expensive.


HOTEL ACCOMMODATION

All these motels are within easy walking distance of the meeting
site.  Those marked with # are particularly close.

Make reservations directly with the hotel.  All phone numbers are
Area Code 541-

(S)= single, (D) = double.  Most motels will give you a special
discount if you mention that you are attending a conference
connected with the University of Oregon Linguistics Department.


##New Oregon Motel
     1655 Franklin Blvd.      $52.50(S)           683-3669
     attn. Diane              $60.50(D)

#Greentree Motel
     1759 Franklin Blvd.      $55-110             485-2727
     attn. Karen

#Phoenix Inn
     850 Franklin Blvd.       $57(S)              344-0001
     attn. Jude                $65(D)              686-1288 (FAX)

Franklin Inn
     1857 Franklin Blvd.      $35-50              342-4804

Quality Inn
     2121 Franklin Blvd.      $35(S)              342-1243
     attn. Christy                                343-3474 (FAX)

Excelsior Inn
      754 E. 13th             $69-160             342-6963
                                                  346-1417 (FAX)
Barron's Motor Inn
     1859 Franklin            $40-90              343-6383

Campus Inn
     390 East Broadway        $40-78              343-3376


For those requiring more luxurious accommodations, these can be
had at one of the following hotels.  The Hilton is about 3-4 km.
from campus; the Valley River is not within practical walking
distance.

Eugene Hilton
     66 East 6th             $79(S)              342-6651
                               $94(D)              342-6661 (FAX)

Valley River Inn
     1000 Valley River Drive  $100(S)             687-0123
                               $120(D)             687-0289 (FAX)


For information on the Association for Linguistic Typology contact:

Johan van der Auwera
Linguistiek (GER)
Universiteit Antwerpen (UIA)
B-2610 Antwerpen
Belgium
auwera at uia.ua.ac.be
fax: +32-3-8202762

ALT on the WEB: http://www.ling.lancs.ac.uk/alt


From darnell at CSD.UWM.EDU  Thu May 29 14:28:52 1997
From: darnell at CSD.UWM.EDU (Michael Darnell)
Date: Thu, 29 May 1997 09:28:52 -0500
Subject: conference announcement
Message-ID: <THU.29.MAY.1997.092852.0500.DARNELL@CSD.UWM.EDU>

CONFERENCE ANNOUNCEMENT

24th University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Linguistics Symposium

This announcement is to note several minor changes from our previous
preliminary announcement.  We apologize for multiple postings.

Our 24th symposium has been rescheduled.  The symposium will be held
April 17-19, 1998, one week prior to our original date.

Additionally, further announcements will be posted under a new conference
title.  Although the conference will still be centrally concerned with
Contrastive Rhetoric and Rhetorical Typology, we have broadened our scope
slightly.  Thus, the conference, more appropriately, will be entitled

Discourse Across Languages and Cultures.

Further announcements on the submission of abstracts, invited speakers,
and the conference schedule will be posted later this summer.

Contact person:
Mike Darnell
darnell at csd.uwm.edu


From hartmut at EMMA.RUC.DK  Fri May 30 13:46:15 1997
From: hartmut at EMMA.RUC.DK (Hartmut Haberland)
Date: Fri, 30 May 1997 15:46:15 +0200
Subject: 13th Scandinavian Conference of Linguists
Message-ID: <FRI.30.MAY.1997.154615.0200.>

JUST OUT

Proceedings of the Thirteenth Scandinavian Conference of Linguistcs
Lars Heltoft and Hartmut Haberland, eds.
University of Roskilde, Department of Languages and Culture
ISBN 87-90132-12-2
495 pages, 1996

This volume contains 40 papers presented at the 13th Scandinavian Conference
of Linguistcs (Roskilde, Denmark, January 1992), including 6 papers from the
Neurolinguistics Workshop held in connection with the conference. (Most
papers are in English, one in German and a few in Danish or Swedish.)

For ordering, write to Lars Heltoft, 13th Scandinavian Conference of
Linguistics, Department of Languages and Culture, University of Roskilde,
POB 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark, fax +45 46754410.

For a table of contents and pricing information (including methods of
payment) please consult
http://babel.ruc.dk/~rolig/13scan.html