female women

[SEMAHAT ISIL ACIKALIN]

On Fri, 6 Jun 2003 12:49:52 +0400
 SEMAHAT ISIL ACIKALIN <iacikali at ANADOLU.EDU.TR> wrote:
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> On Thu, 5 Jun 2003 20:42:07 +0300
>  Mila K Engelberg <engelber at CC.HELSINKI.FI> wrote:
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> > Dear all,
> >
> > I'm interested in your interpretations of female terms with double
> > gender
> > marking, e.g. "female stewardess", "female actress", "female
> > mistress" and
> > "female manageress"  in English. Similar titles exist in my native
> > tongue
> > Finnish (which lacks both grammatical and natural gender). They
> > consist
> > of the prefix "nais-" 'female' and a feminine derivative, for
> example
> > "naisjumalatar" 'female goddess', "naislaulajatar" 'female
> > singer+FEM',
> > "naiskaunotar" 'a female beautiful woman' or 'a female
> representative
> > of
> > female beauty', "naiskarjakko" 'female cattle maid';
> >
> > e.g. "Shakira on 25-vuotias kolumbialainen naislaulajatar."
> > 'Shakira is a 25-year-old Colombian female singer+FEM'
> >
> > Similar titles can be found in several other languages, too, e.g.
> > "kvinnelig gudinne" 'female goddess'  in Norwegian, "kvinnlig
> > arbeterska"
> > 'female woman worker' in Swedish. Gianna Marcato & Eva-Maria Thune
> > (2002,
> > 214, footnote) report the expression "lavoratrice donna" 'female
> > woman
> > worker' in Italian.
> >
> > Women can be female men (e.g. "female president") and female humans
> > (e.g.
> > "naisihminen" 'female+human being' in Finnish). But 'female women'?
> > In
> > Dennis Baron's view  double gender marking in such feminine forms
> as
> > "lady
> > patroness" and "womman synneresse" ('woman sinner')  occurs
> "perhaps
> > to
> > underline the inappropriateness or rarity of the feminine noun, or
> to
> > emphasize its negativity" (1986, 115).
> >
> > Have you come across expressions of this kind?
> >
> > I wonder if there are corresponding titles for men  - I hear there
> is
> > a
> > movie called "Male gigolo".
> >
> > Best wishes,
> >
> > Mila Engelberg
> > Department of General Linguistics
> > Helsinki University
> >
> >
> > References
> > Baron, Dennis 1986. Grammar and gender. Yale University Press, New
> > Haven,
> > Conn.
> > Marcato, Gianna & Thune, Eva Maria 2002. Gender and female
> visibility
> > in
> > Italian. In Hellinger, Marlis & Bussmann, Hadumod (eds.), Gender
> > across
> > languages.  The linguistic representation of women and men. Volume
> 2.
> > Benjamins, Amsterdam. 187-217.
> Dear Mila,in Turkish we have also marked terms.For example for female
> director we say 'bayan mudur where bayan indicates the sex or bayan
> ogretmen indicating female teacher.As for addressing we use ogretmen
> hanim or muduranim where h sound is dropped in the second.Other
> examples
> are:bayan doktor(doctor),bayan satici (saleswoman).etc....