Gothic Reading (Was 'Artificial Language')

[ualarauans]

--- In gothic-l at yahoogroups.com, "llama_nom" <600cell at ...> wrote:
>
> --- In gothic-l at yahoogroups.com, Michael Erwin <merwin at ...> wrote:
> >
> > Hails,
> >
> > Ik im ussiggwands Patrick Amory, "People and Identity in 
Ostrogothic
> > Italy, 489-554." Jah meljandaries qitham ei Wulfila skapjau ain 
razda
> > "far removed from any common parlance when it was written" (p. 
239).
> > Nu anthar meljandarjos qithand samaleiko. Ak ni frathja hwaiwa 
wisai.
> > Jabai Wulfila sokidedi ain ainbruka aiklessiatuggo, habidedi
> > Graikarazda jah Latina(razda).
> 
> Hails Michael!
> 
> Here's my guess at one way to express this in Gothic (no doubt 
there
> are other possibilities, equally convincing if not more so): Ik
> (us)siggwa / Ik anakunna ...  Jah meljands qaþ/qiþiþ/melida þatei
> Wulfila gaskapida razda ((þo) sei razdai gamainjai fairra afhabaiþ
> sik).  Anþarai meljands nu samaleiko qiþand.  Akei ni fraþja hvaiwa
> magi swa wisan.  Jabai Wulfila tuggon sokidedi inniujida ei fram
> aikkljesjon ainai brukidedi, duhve nih Kreke razda nih Rumone ni
> gawalidedi?

Hailai!

I was wondering if ussiggwan means more specifically "to read 
aloud", "to recite" whereas anakunnan is "to read silently" or 
just "to read" without any further specification. Afaik both words 
translate the same Greek, namely ANAGINWSKEIN, ANAGNWNAI. I've tried 
to compare the examples. Below are some results.

Non-prefixed siggwan stands both for AiDEIN "to sing" (Eph.5:19; 
Col.3:16) and ANAGNWNAI "to read":

L.4:16 jah usstoþ siggwan books / KAI ANESTH ANAGNWNAI (in this case 
definitely "to read aloud")

2.Cor.3:15 akei und hina dag miþþanei siggwada Moses / ALL' hEWS 
SHMERON hHNIKA AN ANAGINWSKHTAI MWUSHS (most likely so, too)

Eph.3:4 duþþe ei siggwandans mageiþ fraþjan frodein meinai in runai 
Xristaus / PROS hO DUNASQE ANAGINWSKONTES NOHSAI THN SUNESIN MOU EN 
TWi MUSTHRIWi TOU CRISTOU (and here it's quite not so clear 
implicitly whether this reading is a communal event or a private 
occupation. BTW, a good example on runa. Be it a runic symbol, how 
runa Xristaus would look like? Like chi-rho amalgam?

I'd suppose siggwan "to read" is probably back-formed from 
ussiggwan, being its non-perfective pendant.

Now the examples of ussiggan:

L.6:3 ni þata ussuggwud þatei gatawida Daweid / OUDE TOUTO ANEGNWTE 
hO EPOIHSEN DAUID; and

Mc.2:25 niu ussuggwuþ aiw hva gatawida Daweid / OUDEPOTE ANEGNWTE TI 
EPOIHSEN DAUID may both refer to a recitation of the Scriptures in 
synagogues.

Col.4:16 jah þan ussiggwaidau at izwis so aipistaule, taujaiþ ei jah 
in Laudekaion aikklesjon ussiggwaidau, jah þoei ist us Laudeikaion, 
jus ussiggwaid / KAI hOTAN ANAGNWSQHi PAR' hUMIN hH EPISTOLH, 
POIHSATE hINA KAI EN THi LAODIKEWN EKKLHSIAi ANAGNWSQHi KAI THN EK 
LAODIKEIAS hINA KAI hUMEIS ANAGNWTE. Assuming that not all of the 
early Christians were literate, the epistles were to be read aloud 
in ecclesia.

1.Thess.5:27 ei ussiggwaidau so aipistaule þaim weiham broþrum / 
[ENORKIZW hUMAS TON KURION] ANAGNWSQHNAI THN EPISTOLHN PASIN TOIS 
ADELFOIS. The same is probably here. Note also the translation of 
the Greek infinitive with ei + subjunctive.

L.10:26 in witoda hva gameliþ ist? hvaiwa ussiggwis? / EN TWi NOMWi 
TI GEGRAPTAI; PWS ANAGINWSKEIS; Note the present tense. Maybe, Jesus 
was pointing at the lines in a scroll asking the lawyer to read them 
aloud?

It was also used as a gloss (niu ussuggwuþ) to Gal.4:21 þata witoþ 
niu hauseiþ? TON NOMON OUK AKOUETE. Streitberg says it's after Lat. 
legistis. A public recitation may also be implied here.

Now, what's with anakunnan? Formally, doesn't it seem that this is a 
calque from the Greek? The examples are:

2.Cor.1:13 unte ni alja meljam izwis, alja þoei anakunnaiþ aiþþau 
jah ufkunnaiþ / OU GAR ALLA GRAFOMEN hUMIN ALL' H hA ANAGINWSKETE H 
KAI EPIGINWSKETE (probably to preserve the Greek parallelism of 
ANAGINWSKETE:EPIGINWSKETE). The emphasis lies on inner 
acknowledgement of what is read. It could be a private reading.

2.Cor.3:2 aipistaule unsara jus sijuþ,... kunþa jah anakunnaida fram 
allaim mannam / hH EPISTOLH hHMWN hUMEIS ESTE,... GINWSKOMENH KAI 
ANAGINWSKOMENH hUPO PANTWN ANQRWPWN (same is here)

One more example of "reading" is Mc.12:26 niu gakunnaideduþ ana 
bokom Mosezis ana aihvatundjai / OUK ANEGNWTE EN THi BIBLWi MWUSEWS 
EPI TOU BATOU, which actually contradicts all the above said, as the 
context is the same as in L.6:3 and Mc.2:25. Why not niu ussuggwuþ?

But maybe no difference was actually being made between "to read 
silently" and "to read aloud", both meanings were possible with both 
verbs, only that anakunnan was a rarer and "nobler" word used 
exclusively when it was necessary to create a parallel to another –
kunnan? Etymologically, it seems difficult to connect a private 
reading with "singing". Probably, such a reading was a not so 
typical thing in those times, "to read" meant mostly "to read before 
a public"?

Ualarauans

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