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<p><br>
Hails, Rydwlf!<br>
<br>
--- In <a href="mailto:gothic-l%40yahoogroups.com">gothic-l@yahoogroup<wbr>s.com</a>, Rydwlf <mitsuhippon@<wbr>...> wrote:<br>
><br>
<br>
> - For "fagraste" I have used Go. fagrs in superlative grade,<br>
masculine gender (see later), vocative case. As it's an a-stem, it<br>
could take both -iz -ist or -oz -ost for the comparative and<br>
superlative. From comparison with other pure a-stem roots, I've chosen<br>
-ist, but I don't know if there should be other factors to take into<br>
account. For the moment, I have here "fagrists".<br>
<br>
No way of knowing that Go. 'fagrs' didn't have this meaning too, as in<br>
the other Germanic languages, but it's only attested with the meaning<br>
"fit, suitable, useful": nih du airțai, ni du maihstau fagr ist "it<br>
is fit neither for the earth nor the dungheap". The negative<br>
'unfagrs' is also attested just once, meaning "ungrateful"<wbr>: unte is<br>
gods ist țaim unfagram jah unseljam "for he is kind to the unthankful<br>
and the evil". Instead, the adjective skauns* is used for<br>
"beautiful". Probably an i-stem, cf. Finnish 'kaunis', but from the<br>
forms attested in Gothic there's nothing to rule out the possibility<br>
of its being a ja-/jo-stem: skauneis*.<br>
<br>
On the question of -i- or -o- in comparatives and superlatives of<br>
a-stems, the only tendency that I'm aware of is that with the<br>
exception of 'hlasoza' (see Streitberg 188, Note 1 [<br>
<a href="http://www.wulfila.be/lib/streitberg/1920/HTML/B131.html">http://www.wulfila.<wbr>be/lib/streitber<wbr>g/1920/HTML/<wbr>B131.html</a> ]), all the<br>
-o- forms have long roots:<br>
<br>
frodozans<br>
swințoza<br>
usdaudoza<br>
lasiwostai<br>
armostai<br>
<br>
hlasoza<br>
<br>
But given the small number of examples, this might be a coincidence. <br>
Not all a-stems with long roots take the -o- forms:<br>
<br>
hauhistins<br>
managizo<br>
jûhiza<br>
<br>
fawizo<br>
rațizo? (positive unattested)<br>
<br>
Your choice of 'fagrists' would be in keeping with Old Norse, which<br>
shows i-umlaut.<br>
<br>
> - For "lindelauvi" I have found in Tunstall: lindabaums (sm.)<br>
"lime-tree, linden" (there's no entry in Wright's Glossary or<br>
Streitberg's Dictionary for this). I think that the correct spelling<br>
in Go. should be "lindabagms" if I'm not wrong. It is masculine so<br>
that makes "fagrists" go in masculine.<br>
<br>
I should have marked 'linda-bagms' as a reconstruction; sorry about<br>
that. The simplex *linda, sf. is given in Gerhard Köbler's Gotisches<br>
Wörterbuch, based on the Spanish personal names Lendo and Lentimil.<br>
<br>
> - For "alle" meaning "of all", I have used the Gen.pl.m. of "alls" :<br>
"alláize".<br>
> <br>
> So the sentence would go "Sái fagrists lindabagms alláize".<br>
> <br>
> 3. For the word "golden harp" that appears in some parts of the<br>
song, I have come to the Go. translation "gulțaharpa". For this I have<br>
based on "gulț" (Wright: sn. "gold") and "harpa" (Tunstall: sf.<br>
"harp"; not found in Wright or Streitberg).<br>
<br>
*harpa is a reconstruction, not attested in the surviving Gothic<br>
corpus, but appears as a loanword in Italian, Provencal, French,<br>
Catalan, Spanish and Portuguese. Again, I must have forgotten to mark<br>
it as a reconstruction. Thanks for drawing my attention to that! I<br>
would have got it from Gerhard Köbler's Gotisches Wörterbuch, but by<br>
comparison with forms in other Germanic languages, a better<br>
reconstruction would probably be *harpo, weak f.<br>
<br>
> From this, according to the word-formation rules and being "gulț" an<br>
a-stem, the final vowel of the first element should remain (see<br>
Wright's "Grammar of the Gothic Language", par. 389), thus<br>
"gulțaharpa" (also compare with "áiz", sn., "copper" -> "áizasmița",<br>
"coppersmith"<wbr>).<br>
<br>
Agreed.<br>
<br>
> <br>
> 4. For the verb "to play", you know already that there is no<br>
attested Gothic word for it, being the most similar the verb "swiglon"<br>
(wv. 2) with the meaning "to play the pipe". I was thinking here in<br>
trying to reconstruct a Gothic word akin to the one "play" comes from:<br>
OE "plegian" (Bright's "Old English Dictionary": (w.II) 1. play. 2.<br>
contend, fight"), but this proved too hard for me and I was not sure<br>
if the meaning of "perform music" was already present in the OE word<br>
or was a later added meaning. Then I turned to study the word used in<br>
the song, "slć". In Norwegian, Danish, Swedish and Icelandic ("slá")<br>
one of the common meanings is "to hit", and in a Danish dictionary I<br>
even found "to beat", which I think can be related to the style of<br>
playing the harp as "beating" or "pinching" the harp strings. Akin to<br>
this both in meaning and sound I consider the verb "slahan" (sv.VI) a<br>
good substitute.<br>
<br>
OE 'plegian' is attested with the sense of to play a musical<br>
instrument, with the instrument being in the instrumental case (or<br>
later dative); according to the OED, it isn't till the 18th c. that<br>
the earliest examples of 'play' used transitively with the name of an<br>
instrument are found; Early Modern English has 'play on/at/of". <br>
'slahan' seems quite reasonable though, and might be a safer bet. <br>
Good luck with the rest of the song!<br>
<br>
> <br>
> As told before, I'd like to read your opinions about this. If you<br>
also want to propose a translation, that would be perfect for me...<br>
Eager to read your comments, and giving thanks to you on advance,<br>
> <br>
> Rydwlf<br>
> <br>
> PS . There's a list of alternate versions and variations of this<br>
song in<br>
<a href="http://www.dokpro.uio.no/ballader/lister/tsbalfa_titler/tittel_314a.html">http://www.dokpro.<wbr>uio.no/ballader/<wbr>lister/tsbalfa_<wbr>titler/tittel_<wbr>314a.html</a><br>
> (Documentation Project by the Universities of Norway)<br>
> <br>
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