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<p>Hailai!<br>
<br>
Rydwlf wrote:<br>
> <br>
> Sp. banda, "strip, stripe, band" and also "gang, group of people".<br>
> For the "stripe" meaning, the DRAE says "from the Old French bande,<br>
> bende, and this from the Frank binda, meaning "strip, band"". For<br>
> the "group" meaning, the DRAE suggests "possibly from Go.<br>
> bandwō, sign, flag".<br>
> Sp. bandera, "flag" is derived from banda as "group of people"<br>
> according to the DRAE.<br>
> Anyway, maybe Go. bandi ("bond"), bandwa, bandwo ("sign, token")<br>
> may have had some influence in this semantic field.<br>
><br>
> Sp. bandido, "bandit" and bandir, "ban", have according to the DRAE<br>
> the same origin:<br>
> "From It. bandire, "ban", and this from Frank *bannjan, banish,<br>
> influenced by Go. *bandwjan, "make a sign").<br>
<br>
Michael wrote:<br>
> <br>
> Gothic bandi is a plausible source and its derivatives might have<br>
> replaced Gothic sarwa and hansa.<br>
<br>
The meaning "gang" must really have come from Gothic, perhaps in a <br>
way like this: "token", "symbol" -> "banner" (word of the same <br>
origin) -> "army unit under one banner" -> "group of people". Not <br>
quite clear whether the semantic shift, or some of its stages, had <br>
already occurred in Gothic when it was still spoken or it happened <br>
later in early Romance. Probably Gothic bandwo went not further <br>
than "banner". Another question is whether Spain or Italy was the <br>
birth soil of this lexeme.<br>
<br>
> Sp. escarnecer "mock, laugh at". According to the DRAE, "From<br>
> escarnir, and this possibly from Go. *skaírnjan; cf. OHG skërnôn,<br>
> mock".<br>
<br>
This looks probable. But as the word seems to be a common Romance <br>
Germanicism (cf. OFr. escharnir), it's difficult to be sure about <br>
the exact source language.<br>
<br>
> Sp. espía "spy". DRAE: "From Go. *spaíha".<br>
> Sp. espuela "spur". DRAE: "From OSp. espuera, and this from Go.<br>
> *spaúra; cf. ON. spori, OHG sporo).<br>
<br>
The same is valid here and in a number of cases below.<br>
<br>
> Sp. galardón "reward, prize". DRAE: "From gualardón, and this from<br>
> Gc. *wĭthralaun, reward; cf. ODu. witherlôn".<br>
> Here the dictionary terms as "Germanic" what seems like a compound<br>
> of Gothic origin (Go. láun "pay, reward" is maybe related here, and<br>
> maybe withra (prep.) + láun?).<br>
<br>
*Wiþralaun sounds very likely.<br>
<br>
> Sp. ganar "win". DRAE: "Possibly from Go. *ganan, covet, lust,<br>
> influenced by the Gc. *waidanjan, reap, harvest; cf. ON. gana,<br>
> avidly wish, Norse gana, stare with anxiety).<br>
> In Wright I see wái-dedja, "woe-doer, malefactor, thief", and I<br>
> can't help thinking that<br>
> "thief", "to thieve" is related in meaning to "to lust, wish".<br>
> Related to ganar are ganancia "gain" and gana "desire, appetite".<br>
><br>
> Sp. guardar "keep, guard, watch over,save". DRAE: "(From Gc. <br>
*warda,<br>
> the act of search with the eyes, and this from *wardôn, pay<br>
> attention; cf. OHG warta".<br>
> From the same root come aguardar "wait for" and the noun guarda<br>
> "guard" and guardia, also "guard". I find difficult not to relate<br>
> Sp. guardia to Go. wardja, which pronunciation should be very<br>
> similar (note the "i" sound in guardia).<br>
><br>
> Sp. rapar "shave, crop hair" and also "take away suddenly something<br>
> from someone". DRAE: "From Go. *hrapôn, to pull out the hair; cf.<br>
> MHG raffen, Du. rapen, Eng. rap).<br>
> <br>
> Sp. rico "rich", riqueza "wealth, riches". DRAE: "From Go. reiks".<br>
><br>
> Sp. tregua "truce". DRAE: "From Go. trĭggwa, treaty, <br>
covenant".<br>
<br>
Somewhere I read that in medieval Spain there was a concept <br>
of "tregua Dei" meaning "temporal truce between Christian kingdoms <br>
of the peninsula, so that they could stand united against the <br>
Moors". I think in this case we can be sure of a Gothic origin since <br>
the word clearly shows Gothic phonetic signs (tregua < triggwa, <br>
with –ggw- after the Holtzmann's Law, not met in West Germanic)<br>
<br>
> Sp. ufano "arrogant, conceited". DRAE: "Possibly from Go. ufjô,<br>
> wealth, excess; cf. Prov. ufana, conceit, Cat. ufana, luxuriance,<br>
> pride".<br>
><br>
> Sp. yelmo "helmet". DRAE: "From Gc. *hĕlm; cf. OHG, OE hëlm".<br>
> Same as above, this word is surely related to Go. hilms but maybe<br>
> does not come directly from Gothic.<br>
<br>
Ualarauans<br>
<br>
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