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<p>May I point out the relation of "qualat" and greek galata (Galata in <br>
Constantinopole, Galtis on Alutha in Jordannes). <br>
<br>
--- In <a href="mailto:gothic-l%40yahoogroups.com">gothic-l@yahoogroup<wbr>s.com</a>, Rydwlf <mitsuhippon@<wbr>...> wrote:<br>
><br>
> Dear all,<br>
> <br>
> I'm glad that the information I posted was of your interest.<br>
> <br>
> Heinrich Lausberg in his "Romance Linguistics" talks about the <br>
tendency in Low Latin to avoid final consonants. He says that this <br>
tendency consolidated more intensely in Italian, a little less in <br>
Spanish and Portuguese and even less in Rumanian, Provençal and <br>
Catalan.<br>
> Coming to the final -s, Lausberg states that the Latin final -s <br>
remains in Sardinian and in the Western Romance languages (Romansh, <br>
French, Provençal, Catalan, Spanish and Portuguese) while in the <br>
Eastern Romance languages (Romanian, Center and South Italian) it <br>
became [i]. The noun example that Lausberg provides is <br>
Latin "feminas" (females, women) that becomes "hembras" in Spanish. <br>
Although "feminas" is an accusative plural, and not a nominative <br>
singular like in "burgus", should we conclude that it is more <br>
feasible that "burgus" evolved into Sp. "burgos"?<br>
> <br>
> In the formation of Old Spanish from Low Latin, there was a <br>
preference to form the masculine plural from the Latin nom./acc. <br>
plural, using the particle -os (which shows some Celtic substrate <br>
biasing, and as opposed to p.e. Italian that preferred the nom. <br>
plural -i). In Modern Spanish the standard masculine plural mark is -<br>
os.<br>
> <br>
> I don't know to which declination belongs "burgus". From the <br>
Nom. final -us, itcan only be 2nd (stem -o-) or 4th (stem -u-). The <br>
acc. pl. would be in that case "burgos" and "burgus", provided the <br>
name is masculine (if it is neuter, in both cases the Acc.pl. would <br>
be "burga"). I have read somewhere that masculine names both from <br>
the 2nd and 4th declination took the final -os anyway. I don't know <br>
in which stage did they, but even in the "Glosas Emilianenses" <br>
(late X century) we can find the text "enos sieculos delo sieculos", <br>
that is "in the centuries of the centuries", being Latin "saeculum" <br>
of the 2nd declination (but neuter), so the use of final -os seems <br>
old enough and consolidated in the first stages of the formation of <br>
the Spanish language. This can also be taken as a proof that all the <br>
names from the Latin 2nd declination took the -os plural mark in Old <br>
Spanish, be them masculine or neuter in Latin.<br>
> <br>
> This explain the plural form of "burgos", but, what about the <br>
singular form, burgo/s?<br>
> According to Lausberg, although he focuses in final -s in <br>
plurals and verbs, the final -s should be preserved also in the <br>
singular Spanish names. But the general theory is that the <br>
masculine -us and neuter -um endings evolved to -o in Old Spanish. <br>
Even in the same Glosas Emilianenses we find "dueno" ("lord", from <br>
Latin 2nd dec. dominus), "Cristo" ("Christ", from 2nd dec <br>
Christus), "sancto" ("holy", adjective but from Latin masc. <br>
sanctus). To add some confussion, the Golsas include an adjective in <br>
nom.plural "gaudioso", (joyous) finishing in -o, not in -os.<br>
> <br>
> In conclussion, it seems that it's highly probable that at an <br>
early stage of the language, the forms were "burgo" for the singular <br>
and "burgos" for the plural. I haven't been able to find any <br>
masculine name that preserve the final -s of the Latin nom. sg.<br>
> <br>
> About the concentration of Spanish place names with the "burg" <br>
component in the North of Spain, I have the feeling that it is <br>
significant, but Ï have reached no conclussion. There is a <br>
distinctively high number of such places in A Coruña (17) and some <br>
presence also in the rest of the provinces of Galicia, which <br>
corresponds almost exactly to the limits of the Roman Province <br>
Gallaecia (in which the Suebian Kingdom was founded in 410), at <br>
least the part in modern Spain. It would be interesting studying the <br>
number of place names with "burg" in the Portuguese part of what <br>
Gallaecia was; I suppose it was also high. I think this relatively <br>
high number of "burg" place names in modern Galicia is related to <br>
the Suebian Kingdom. How exactly, though, I don't know. I'm also <br>
dubious about the origin of "burg" place names in other Northern <br>
areas, but it's interesting to note that Soria and Burgos (which sum <br>
up to 13 "burg" place names) are considered areas in which the <br>
Visigothic<br>
> settlement was high and deep, if I remember well.<br>
> <br>
> Was the initial mindset of the Germanic peoples in Iberia <br>
comparatively more focused in the military than in later imes? Could <br>
that explain the abundance of "burg" based place names in an old <br>
stage, coinciding with the military nature of their entrance in <br>
Iberia both of Suebi (although later recognized as foedi) and <br>
Visigoths (first as a countenance measure against Vandals and Alans, <br>
later against Suebi)? In that case, the "burg" based place names <br>
(excuse my adoption of the term) would be the result of this <br>
military campaigns and would be of very old origin. This is an <br>
hypothesis, but the Moorish sway in the South could be also a <br>
possible reason of the different name distribution. For example, the <br>
term "medina", Arab for "city", appears in 24 toponymes. Similar <br>
words for fortifications appearing in Spanish modern place names are <br>
> mahsan -> fortified place<br>
> rabita -> frontier military settlement<br>
> qalat -> castle<br>
> meriya -> watching tower.<br>
> <br>
> There are toponymes with these roots all over Spain, but they <br>
are more frequent in the Half South, specially in modern Andalusia <br>
and Eastern regions.<br>
> <br>
> Cheers,<br>
> Rydwlf.<br>
> <br>
> <br>
> <br>
> <br>
> llama_nom <600cell@...<wbr>> wrote:<br>
> > There are currently two main theories about the origin of the<br>
> Burgos toponyme. Both of them, though, take the name "Burgos" as<br>
> coming from Germanic burgs through Latin.burgus. The first theory <br>
sees<br>
> "Burgos" as evolving directly from burgus (with the final -s). The<br>
> second theory assumes that the word descending from burgus was <br>
burgo,<br>
> not burgos. In that case, the name "Burgos" would be a plural and<br>
> would be a reference to an agglomeration of fortresses or castles.<br>
> <br>
> Thanks Rydwlf! At first sight, the second of these theories seems <br>
the<br>
> more logical, and maybe it's supported by those placenames where <br>
the<br>
> article appears: los burgos, el burgo. At the very leastm that must<br>
> be how such names where interpreted in later times. But are there <br>
any<br>
> other inherited words where Latin -s of the nominative singular is<br>
> preserved, and under what circumstances would that happen?<br>
> <br>
> Do you think it's significant that the names are concentrated in <br>
the<br>
> north? Could this imply that they were indeed originally connected<br>
> with the Gothic and/or Suebic settlement? Or are there other <br>
factors<br>
> which could account for that, e.g. Moorish sway in the south, later<br>
> Frankish influences elsewhere; or simply geographical factors? Are<br>
> there other words applied in placenames to the same sorts of <br>
locations<br>
> in the south?<br>
> <br>
> LN<br>
> <br>
> <br>
> <br>
> You are a member of the Gothic-L list. To unsubscribe, send a <br>
blank email to . <br>
> Yahoo! Groups Links<br>
> <br>
> <br>
> <br>
> <br>
> <br>
> <br>
> Rydwlf <br>
> <br>
> "It is not people who break ethical standards who are regarded as <br>
aliens. It is people like me who are isolated." - Grigori Perelman.<br>
> <br>
> <br>
> ------------<wbr>---------<wbr>---------<wbr>---<br>
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