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<p>--- In <a href="mailto:gothic-l%40yahoogroups.com">gothic-l@yahoogroup<wbr>s.com</a>, Justïn <justinelf@.<wbr>..> wrote:<br>
><br>
> Okay, Prim. Germanic, I'm finding, is *batham.<br>
<br>
Good, you're on target so far.<br>
<br>
> So...I'm looking <br>
> through Wright's Grammar...and I'm a little overwhelmed.<wbr>..It's been a <br>
> little more than 20 minutes and, as it's not the most user friendly <br>
> text, I'm not sure where to find something that actually compares PG to <br>
> how it evolved into Gothic.<br>
<br>
Yeah, it took me a while to find my way around there too. Be patient,<br>
explore, and feel free to ask here if you have any questions. If I<br>
hear of a short cut, I'll let you know... Meanwhile, try § 161 on p.<br>
76 in Ch. IX "The Gothic Development of the General Germanic<br>
Consonant-System"<wbr>, which refers back to § 132 on the history of<br>
Proto-Germanic *'b'. The gist is this: initial 'b' in English<br>
corresponds to Gothic 'b' (as in Go. 'broþar' : Modern English<br>
'brother')--<wbr>no catch there.<br>
<br>
> I found a comparison chart but it didn't <br>
> tell me what to do with initial B, medial TH, or final -M, let alone <br>
> the morpheme -AM, so I'm a little lost right now...<br>
<br>
The *'am' inflexion indicates that the word is what Wright calls a<br>
neuter a-stem (some books cite this ending as *'an', a later form). <br>
When Wright talks about a-stems, he means words that had *'a' before<br>
certain endings in Proto-Germanic, words such as the masculine<br>
*dag-a-z and the neuter *wurd-a-m / *wurd-a-n. The reason for<br>
reconstructing this ending is (1) the fact that the word is neuter and<br>
declined like other words known to belong to this group in the early<br>
Germanic language where it occurs; (2) lack of other sound changes<br>
such as doubling (=gemination) of the 'þ', or i-mutation of the root<br>
vowel, that would suggest a different ending; (3) comparison with the<br>
corresponding group of neuter nouns other Indo-European languages<br>
(e.g. Latin 2nd declension nouns ending in -um, Greek in -on, Sanskrit<br>
in -am).<br>
<br>
Just to confuse things further, some books give slightly different<br>
names to the declensions based on the vowels that they had in<br>
Proto-Indo-European rather than what the vowels were in<br>
Proto-Germanic. So here, for example, Lehmann uses the term o-stems<br>
where Wright uses a-stems; Lehmann has â-stems (hopefully that should<br>
come out as an 'a' with a macron (a horizontal line over it) where<br>
Wright uses the term ô-stems. That's because PIE 'o' became PG 'a',<br>
and PIE 'â' became PG 'ô'. Right now, that probably seems impossibly<br>
complicated, but once you get to finding your way around the Gothic<br>
paradigms, and the grammar of early Germanic languages in general, it<br>
will be fairly obvious which system someone is using.<br>
<br>
<a href="http://www.utexas.edu/cola/centers/lrc/books/pgmc03.html#3_3_1">http://www.utexas.<wbr>edu/cola/<wbr>centers/lrc/<wbr>books/pgmc03.<wbr>html#3_3_<wbr>1</a><br>
<a href="http://www.utexas.edu/cola/centers/lrc/books/pgmc00.html">http://www.utexas.<wbr>edu/cola/<wbr>centers/lrc/<wbr>books/pgmc00.<wbr>html</a><br>
<br>
Wright's Ch. V "The Gothic Development of the Primative Germanic<br>
Vowels in Unaccented Syllables", § 87.1 is the place to look for this:<br>
"Final -m became -n. [...] final -n, was dropped in prim. Germanic<br>
[i.e. Proto-Germanic] after short vowels and the preceding vowel<br>
underwent the same treatment in Gothic as if it had been originally<br>
final, i.e. it was dropped with the exception of 'u' [...]" Which<br>
gives us Gothic *'baþ' (*'bath'), a strong neuter noun belonging to<br>
the a-stem declension (Wright § 181-2, pp. 86-7).<br>
<br>
> I really, really want to do this, so I'm looking more for a hint than <br>
> the answer, really...but just very overwhelmed. I wish I'd been able <br>
> to study linguistics more but determined to learn this with or without <br>
> the best formal education.<br>
<br>
Everyone's got to start somewhere. I was just as confused a few years<br>
ago!<br>
<br>
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